The focus of research in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) area is two fold: (1) to develop new approaches for turbulence modeling so that high speed compressible flows can be studied for applications to entry and re-entry flows; and (2) to perform research to improve CFD algorithm accuracy and efficiency for high speed flows. Research activities, faculty and student participation, publications, and financial information are outlined

Chandra, Suresh

Hassan, Hassan

Jones, Kenneth

Mcrae, David Scott

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

mN93- 1945 
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS _CH
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ANNUAL REPORT
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Prepared for
NASA CENTER OF RESEARCH EXCELLENCE
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
NORTH CAROLINA A&T STATE _SITY
Suresh Chandra
Kenneth Jones
and
Hassau Hassan
David Scott MeRae
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Computational Fluid Dynamics Group
School of Engineering
North Carolina A&T State University
Greensboro, NC 27411
December, 1992
45
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The focus of research in the CFD area Is two-fold:
: I. Develop new approaches for turbulence modeling so that high speed compressible
flows can be studied for applications to entry and re.entry flows. _
2. Perform research to improve CFD algorithm accuracy and efficiency for high speed
flowS.
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(s)
(6)
Continued recruitment efforts with the objective of enticing two graduate students
and two undergraduate students in Spring, 1993.
Offering an advanced course in CFD at NCA&TSU in Fall 1993 ff the enrollment is
adequate. If only one or two students and faculty members are interested, efforts
will be made to enroll in NCSU courses.
Modeling of the pressure dilatation term as well as the compressible dissipation term
and using the SPARK code to predict useful parameters such as the shear layer
growth rate for compressible high speed turbulent flows.
Development of efficient numerical algorithms for high speed flow fields. It is hoped
that a new research associate can be hired in early 1993 to initiate research in this
vital area.
Continued association with the Theoretical Flow Physics Branch at the NASA
Langley Research Center (LaRC). It is anticipated that Dr. Chandra and/or one
faculty member and two students will spend most of 1993 summer at LaRC. Such
an association enables faculty and students to (a) use the LaRC technical library;
(b) interact with faculty and students from NCSU and other universities; and (c)
interact with NASA and ICASE researchers and facilities on a daily basis.
Development of algorithms for two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and
axisymmetrtc radiation heat transfer for chemically reacting hypersonic flows.
B. AREA RESEARCH PROJECTS
Projea  tk:
Iaveapt .
Feadiag Ammm:
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Deralioa:
Turbulence Modeling for High Speed Compressible Flows
Dr. Suresh Chandra
$2S, 
NASA Langley Research Center
May 16, 1991 - December 31, 1992
C. AREA PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
During 1992, Dr. Chandra supervised the M.S. thesis work of one graduate student
(Cheryl Sellers). Both Dr. Chandra and Ms. Sellers spent the bulk of the summer in 1991
46
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and 1992 at NASA Langley Research Center (Theoretical Flow Physics Branch). Ms. Sellers
focussed on studying compressibility effects in modeling turbulent high speed mixing layers.
The accomplishments to date are:
(I) Incorporation of the extension of the compressibility dissipation model of Sarkar et
al. of ICASE in the SPARK code using two-equation turbulence modeling.
(2) An extensive literature review to delineate work done or being done in the study of
compressibility effects in turbulent shears flows.
(3) Comparison of results in (I) with the results of a large number of experimental and
analytical studies.
(4) Presentation of a paper entitled "Study of Compressibility Effects in Turbulent Shear
Flows" at the ASME Fluids Engineering Conference, June 22-23, 1992.
($) Ms. Sellers defended her M.S. thesis on August I0, 1992. She has been admitted to
the Ph.D. program in ME at the University of minois and has begun her doctoral
studies this fall.
Addit/onal Personnel
(1)
(2)
For the period through October 1992, Dr. Chandra has been the only faculty member
involved in CFD research. We have hired a full-time research associate beginning
October 15. Dr. Gregory Elbert completed his Ph.D studies at Mississippi State
University in early October and will initiate our effort in the areas of radiation heat
transfer for hypersonic chemically reacting flows, thus complementing the turbulence
modeling work for high speed flows.
Mr. Kenneth Jones joined the ME Department in the of fall of 1992 as a tenure.
track faculty member. He completed his Ph.D. studies at NCSU in late October. He
is an asset to the CFD area in CORE by virtue of his experimental/analytical
background in CFD research. Mr. Jones plans to apply for participation in one of
the NASA/ASEE summer institutes in 1993 with the objective of becoming closely
associated with appropriate NASA facilities and personnel. Dr. Chandra, Mr. Jones,
and Dr. Elbert will work closely with Drs. Hassan and McRae of NCSU in
accordance with the attached subcontract, which delineates the long-range research
plan for the CFD area.
Educational Effort
le
2.
Travel
A course in computational fluid dynamics is being offered by Dr. Chandra this fall.
This course has a mix of undergraduate ME Seniors and graduate students.
Dr. Hassan A. Hassan will offer an advanced course in combustion and reacting
flows at NCSU in spring. Some faculty members and graduate students in the CFD
area at NCA&TSU will enroll in this course ff their schedules permit.
o
2.
NASA Orientation Conference - Washington, D. C.; March 24-25, 1992 (S. Chandra)
NASA Langley Research Center - Hampton, VA; April 21-24, 1992 (S. Chandra)
47
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ASME - Fluids Engineering Conference, Los Angeles; June 20, 1992 (S. Chandra)
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; November 16-19, 1992 (S. Chandra)
D. FACULTY AND STUDENT PARTICIPATION
Faculty lavoived
Name&
Tree
S. Chandra
Research Prof.
K.Jones ME
Asst. Prof.
G. Elbert ME
Research Assoc.
H. Hassalt
Prof. (NCSU)
MeelL&Aer_
Mech. & Aero.S. MoRse
Assoc. Prof.
(NCS_
Asian April 1992
0J.S. citizen)
White November 1992
(U_. dttzen)
White October 1992
(U_. dtizen)
Middle Eastern April 1992
(u.s. daze)
White April 1992
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Nadill_
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CFD Group Coordinator
Student Research Advisor
Core Research Leader
Student Research Advisor
Owe Research Leader
Student Research Advisor
Subcontractor (NCSU)
Subcontractor (NCSU)
Student Imvoived
Name of Stakat
Cheryl Sellers*
Rafaei Jones**
Michael Gray**
Stapleton Tabb
C18u/flca_ Advisor Gmduat/ou Date
Graduate/M.E. Chandra
Undergraduate/M.E. Elbert/
Chandra
Undergraduate/M.E. Elbert/
Clmndra
Undergraduate/M.E. Chandra
August, 1992
December, 1992
May, 1993
December, 1993
* Currently a Ph.]D.student in M.E.at the University of Illinois.
** Scheduled to begin graduate study in CFD at NCA&TSU upon graduation.
48
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E. PROGRAM IMACr AND FINANCIAL REPORT
Publica6ou
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Chandra, S., 1992, "Study of Compressibility Effects in Turbulent Shear Layers",
ASME Fluids Engineering Conference, Los Angles, CA, June 21-23, Abstract
published in "Fluids Engineering 1992 - Abstracts, FED.Vol. 133, ASMEfFluids
Engineering Division, 1992".
Jones, ILM., DeJarnette, F. It, Grifnth, W.C., and Yanta, W. J., 1992, "Boundary
Layer Study on Nozzle Wall at Hypersonic Velocities', MAA Paper No. 92-4013,
presented at the AIAA 17th Aerospace Ground Testing Conference, Nashville, TN,
July 6-8, 1992.
Sellers, C. and Chandra, S, "Compressibility Effects in Modeling Turbulent High
Speed Mixing Layers", Accepted for Presentation at the 1993 ASME Forum on
Turbulent Flows, Washington, DC, June 1993.
Elbert, G. J. and Cinnella, P., "Truly Two.Dimensional Algorithms for Radiative
Non-equilibrium Flows", 13th Interuatioual Conference on Numerical Methods in
fluid Dynamics, Rome, Italy, July 1992.
Elbert, G. J. and Chmella, P., "Axisymmetri¢ Radiative Heat Transfer Calculations
for Flows in Chemical Non.equilibrium', MAA Paper 93-0139, 31st Aerospace
Sciences Meeting, Reno, Nevada, January 1993.
Sellers, C., "compressibility Effects in Modeling High Speed Turbulent Mixing
Layers", M. S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T
State University, 1992.
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The following equipment will be purchased in November 1992:
Vendor:.
Items:
Unit Cost:
Totl Cost:
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
3 IRiS _qDIGO Modd #W-RPCS0
$11,314.00
$33,942.00
Vendor:.
Items:
Unit Cost:
Totl Cost:
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
CD.ROM Update Media #M05-CD
$1,967.89
$1,967.89
Vendor:.
Items:
Totl Cost:
Parity Systems, Inc.
1 1.2 GB Inetrnal liD for the SGI R4000
1 2.0 GB External DAT Drive for SGI R4000
$10,399.fifi
Vendor:.
Items:
Unit Cost:
Totl Cost:
AMTEC Engineering, Inc.
3 Tecplot Release $
$ S30.00
$1$90.00
Vendor:.
Items:
Totl Cost:
DATAPRINT Inc.
1 BY LaserJect IVm Model #C2021A
$1759.00
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F. SUBODNTRACT _CII WORK AT NCSU UNDER GRANT NAGW-2924
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1. Develop a New Approach for Turbulence Modeling
When employing a two-equation turbulence model, there is general agreement that
one of the equations must be the equation governing the turbulent kinetic energy. The most
popular second equation is based on the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation or the
characteristic turbulent flrequency. Unfortunately, such equations do not account for certain
mechanisms that are present when one examines the vorticity equation, namely, the effects
of vortex stretching, which is a three-dimensional effect, and the production of vorticity term
which is important when compressibility effects are important.
Because both TKE dissipation and turbulent frequency equations ignore the existence
of above important effects, there has been general dissatisfaction with one equation or the
other. There is one equation which governs the mean vorticity fluctuation, which is referred
to as entropy, which can serve as a basis for the second equation in two-equation models.
This equation has all the physics that exists in the vorticity equation and thus, may be an
attractive alternative. Our goal is to pursue this approach.
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(a)
(b)
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Perform Research to Improve Computational Algorithm Accuracy and Efficiency
Develop efficient numerical algorithms for high speed internal flow fields. This
project involves the development of an efficient iteration strategy for solution of the
Navier-Stokes equations. In three-dimensions, the governing equations are written
in Newton's form and the Jacobian is partitioned and updated such that a Gauss-
Seidel like iterative sequence is performed with forward and backward sweeps to
approximately invert the Jacbian. Residual updating will be used to increase
information transfer and quasi-Newton acceleration techniques will be applied. The
resulting code will be applied to supersonic internal flows.
Develop dynamic 3-D solution mesh algorithms. This task will involve the further
development of a solution adaptive algorithm to include adaption of block grid
interfaces and interiors. The algorithm presently only works for single block grids.
The resulting code will be used to compute unsteady flows over complex aircraft
shapes.
Other tasks will be performed in support of the effort at NCA&TSU at the direction
Suresh Chandra, CFD Coordinator.
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Computational fluid dynamics research

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