The results of systematic perennial measurements of the total ozone (since 1979) and nitrogen dioxide column (since 1983) in the atmosphere in the European-Asian continent center above the mountainmass of the Tien Shan are given. This region is distinguished by a great number of sunny days during a year. The observation station is at the Northern shore of Issyk Kul Lake (42.56 N 77.04 E 1650 m above the sea level). The measurement results are presented as the monthly averaged atmospheric total ozone and NO2 stratospheric column abundances (morning and evening). The peculiarities of seasonal variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, their regular variances with a quasi-biennial cycles and trends have been noticed. Irregular variances of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, i.e. their positive and negative anomalies in the monthly averaged contents relative to the perennial averaged monthly means, have been analyzed. The synchronous and opposite in phase anomalies in variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents were explained by the transport and zonal circulation in the stratosphere (Kamenogradsky et al., 1990)

Arefev, Vladimir N.

Kamenogradsky, Nikita E.

Semyonov, Vladimir K.

Sinyakov, Valery P.

Volkovitsky, Oleg A.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

N95- 11085
OZONE AND NITRO(SEN DIOXIDE ABOVE THE NORTHERN TIEN SHAN
Vladimir N. AREF'EV, Oleg A. VOLKOVITSKY, Nikita E. KAMENO(SRADSKY,
Vladimir K. _-_EMYONOV, Valery P. _INYAKOV
INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL METEOROLOGY, S_A "TYPHOON"
82 Lenin Av. , Obninsk, Kaluga reg. , 24g020, Russia
ABSq_ACT
The results of systematic perennial
measurements of the total ozone Csince
Ig?g9 and nitrogen dioxide column Csince
Ig839 in the atmosphere in the European-
Asian continent center above the moun-
tainmass of the Tien Shah are given.
This region is distinguished by a great
number of sunny days during a year. The
observation station is at the Northern
shore of Issyk KuI Lake C42.56°N 77.04 °E
1650 m above the sea level). The measu-
r ement r esul ts are presented as the
mont hl y aver aged at mospher i c total
ozone and NOz str atospheri c col umn
abundances Cmorning and evening). The
peculiarities of seasonal variations of
ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric
contents, their regular variances with
a quasi-biennial cycles and trends have
beer', noticed. Irregular variances of
ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric
contents, i.e. their positive and nega-
tive anomalies in the monthly averaged
contents relative to the perennial ave-
raged monthly means, have been analyzed.
The synchronous and opposite in phase
anomalies in variations of ozone and
nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents
were explained by the transport and
zonal circulation in the stratosphere
C Kamenogradsky et al. ,Iggo )
i . I NTRODUCTI ON
The total ozone CX] has been measu-
red with the multi wave length method
on the base of the UV absorption measu-
rement results in the atmosphere within
305 - 315 nm with a random error of a
single measurement of 0.@ _ < Semyonov
et al. ,Ig83 9. The data obtained are in
agreement with the world ozonometr i c
scale within a 2 _ uncertainty found
during simultaneous measurements with
two spectrophotometers ( Dobson No. 108,
Russi a National Standar d, and Brewer
No. 44, the latter being calibrated with
Brewer No. iT, the secondary reference
standard, see Ishov et al. ,Iggl 9. The
NO= column CY) has been measured by the
multiwave length method from the absorp-
tion of the sun radiation scattering
from zenith within 438-442 nm for the
sun zenith angles of 85-_ ° with a
random error of a single measurement
less than 12 _ C Sinyakov and Spectorov,
ig87 3. A comparison of the Issyk Kul
NO2 results with coincident in time and
geogr aphi cal 1 ati tude NO2 data for
Toronto ( Kerr,lg88 ) has demonstrated
the difference of 5-7 % in the average
values for the NOz col umn over the
measurement period for these two data
sets and the coincidence of their phase
annual and year-to-year variations.
2. MEASIJI_EMENT DATA AND DISCUS_SION
The monthly aver aged total ozone
and nitrogen dioxide contents for mor-
ning and evening over the whole measure-
ment period in the Issyk Kul Lake region
are shown in Figs. 1-3.
According to the perennial measure-
ment data the ampl i tude of seasonal
variations is about 20 _, of the annual
average X and seasonal variations phases
are determined with the highest X during
the period from January to April and the
least during August-November. The ampli-
tude of Y seasonal variations is about
70 N of its annual average value and
seasonal variations phases are deter-
mined with the highest Y values during
June - July and the least - during
December - January. The values of Y in
the morning are smaller than those for
the evening because the NOz quantity
increases during the day time through
762
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950004672 2020-06-16T11:29:44+00:00Z
X CEkDbson units)
4-50 ........................
41C) i
.370
:B:30
290
250 ............
7-(9 81 83 85 8? 89 92 9:3
Y E A R
Y C*l Oimcm -rod
7 .... , - -
6
" t
:B
2 • . • • ........
84 86 88 90
"_" E A R
92
Fig. i. The monthly averaged atmospheric
total ozone in the Issyk Kul
Lake r egi on.
NzOm photolysis and acceleration of NO
transformation into NOz at the sunset.
Annual changes of Y coincide in phase
with seasonal variations of the sun
radiation sums. The permanent displace-
ment in time is between the seasonal
variations of X and Y : the maxima in X
are 3 - 5 months ahead the maxima in Y.
The seasonal variations of X are in
advance of the sun seasonal radiation
variations. At such an advancing in-
crease of X an effect is revealed
C Khrgian and Kuznetsov,lg81 9 of trans-
port processes in the lower stratosphere
C where the main part of ozone molecules
is concentrated and where they are pro-
tected from photochemical destruction J
on atmospheric ozone. An excess of ozone
reel ecul es for ned duri ng photochemical
processes in the tropical middle strato-
sphere is transported into the lower
stratosphere of the high latitudes with
the meridional component of general cir-
culation there and simultaneous down-
drafts. The accumulation of ozone in the
amounts above the photochemical balance
causes the motion of ozone molecules in
the lower stratosphere towards to equa-
tor. The intensity of such transport is
regulated by the velocity of zonal cir-
culation in the lower stratosphere. The
meridional transport in the lower stra-
tosphere towards equator i s the most
intensive in the middle latitudes from
the end of winter to the beginning of
summer and results in the beginning of
FIg. _. The monthly averaged NOz
str atospher i c col umn abundance
Cmorning) in the Issyk Kul Lake
r egi on.
Y C .10iScm -2)
8
7
4
:3 - -
82 84 86 88 90
"f E A I_
92
Fig. 3. The monthly aver aged NOz
stratospheric col umn abundance
(evening9 in the Issyk Kul Lake
r egi on.
763
t he advanced maxi mum i n the seasonal
variations of X. An increase of zonal
wind velocity in the lower stratosphere
gives a somewhat belated appearance of a
maximum X and a decrease of their values
C "barrier" effect, see Khr gi an and
Kuznetsov, 1081 3.
The trends of X and Y have been
obtai ned with a twel ve-mont h moving
averaging of their monthly mean values
serieS. They indicate that X for the
last ten-year period in the region of
measurements decreased by 23 units of
Dobson C6. BY, of the mean value found /or
the whole ten-year period>, and Y does
not vary essentially. Regular variances
of X and Y with the quasl-biennial cycle
are found by means of the spectral
analysis. For X its period is 21 months,
and amplitude is i. B units of Dobson
CO. 5_ of the mean value found for the
ten-year period9. For Y its period is 20
months, and amplitude is O. IB,lO Is cm -2
C4Y. of perennial mean values>. Irregular
components of X and Y variations are
anomalous /iX and /iV. They were obtained
with subtraction of perennial averaged
monthly means of X and Y from their per-
ennial monthly means series. Positive
/iX, AY correspond to the ozone and
nitrogen dioxide excess and negative -
to the deficit in their climatic stan-
dar ds. /iX I ar get than the standard
devi atl ons of per enni al obser vati on
values C_.5_, in winter, 2.5_ in spring,
see Bojkov,lg879 and /iY more than I0_
have been analyzed. The analysis has
shown that AX and AY varied synchronous-
ly when the activity of the circulation
processes increased in the lower and
middle stratosphere above the observa-
tion site. When the transport circu-
lation occurs in the lower stratosphere
only, and nitrogen dioxide variability
is governed by the photochemical proces-
ses in the middle stratosphere, the
appearance of negative ozone anomalies
coincides in time with formation of
positive nitrogen dioxide anomalies,i.e.
the variations of AX and /iY are opposite
in phase. For example, the synchronous
variations of AX and AY were observed in
January - March of 1087, and the varia-
tions of /iX and /iY in the opposite phase
- in January - April of 1985.
In winter at the baric levels of
10-30 hPa the form and the position of
the circumpolar vortex C CPV > center
about the North Pole vary under the in-
f i uence of the Canadi an or Si bet i an
anticyclones. CPV acquires the form of
an elongated ellipse, its south boundary
reaching 30°N in separate zones. The
center of the CPV changed form shifts
often towards the low latitudes. The
latitude where the "winter" values of
dX,_,
15
1o
5
o }--5
--:tO
--15
a)
83
AY ,_
40
86 89
Y E A R
b3
• w
92
0
86 89 92
Y E A R
Fig. 4. Anomalies in the monthly ave-
r aged at mospher i c total ozone
_X Ca> and N(>a stratospheric
col um_ abundance _Y C b> C eve--
ni rig> i n the I ssyk Kul Lake
region relative to the perennial
averaged monthly means.
764
the pressure gradient replaced by their
"summer" values can be taken as the CPV
south boundary. The life-time of MOz
molecules in the polar night conditions
within the CPV boundaries is of several
days, that is a result of photochemical
reactions between the molecules of NOx
odd nltrogen complexes.
The analysis of the baric topo-
graphy maps for 10-30 hPa has shown
that the obser vati on stati on was i n
January - March of 1987 in the CPV boun-
daries dur i ng al most over al i the Y
measurements. On those days in the stra-
tosphere there were the air masses for-
med in the polar night zone 3 - 5 days
before the Y measurement time, therefore
they cont ai ned smal I amounts of NOm
molecules. By this the deficit of Y
C negative anomalies of Y ) observed
during this period can be explained. At
the same time an intensification of
transport in the lower stratosphere was
observed as well as the appearance of X
negative anomalies, the occurrence of
which can be explained by an enhancement
of the "barier" effect. As it is shown
in Fig. 4, the synchronous variations of
_X and AY were fixed in January - March
of 1 987.
During the measurement of X and Y
in January - April of 1985 the CPV was
to the north of the observation station,
and the air masses from the low latitu-
des with large NOm content were above
it. Therefore, during this time the
positive anomaly of Y Cto 27_ in March)
was observed. The winter of 1984-1985
differed by an extraordinary high inten-
sity of zonal transport in the lower
stratosphere Cthe zonal component of
wind velocity in November of 1984 was
20 m/s more than the climatic standard),
so not only the maximum values of X
became smaller in 1985 but a deep longi-
tudinal negative anomaly of X appeared
also in January - April of 1985. This
time, as it is seen from Fig. 4, AX and
AY were opposite in phase.
Sinyakov, and L.A. Spectorov, 1990:
Connec tl on between var i ati ons i n
total ozone and ni tr og_n dl oxi de
concentrations in the atmosphere.
Meteorology and Hydrology, 5, a7-
33. fin Russian).
Kerr, J.B. , 1988 : Ground based measure-
ments of nitrogen dioxide using the
Brewer spect r ophot ometer. Proc.
Quadr ennl al Ozone Symposium,
C_Dttl ngen, 340-343.
Khrgian, A. Kh. , and G.I. Kuznetsov,lgSl:
The pr obl em of atmospher I c ozone
obser vail ons and i nvesti gati ons.
Moscow, MGU, Cin Russian).
Semyonoy, V.K. , L.A. Spectorov, and S.S.
Timofeeva, 1983: Total ozone varia-
tions in the Issyk Kul Lake region.
Atmospheric ozone. Moscow, Nauka,
85-88. Cin Russlan).
Sinyakov, V.P. , and L.A. Spektorov,1987:
Total atmospher i c NOz var i atl ons
in different air masses. Izvestiya
Akad. Nauk, Fizika atmosfer y i
okeana, 23, 31-39. Cin Russian).
REFERENCES
Bojkov, R.D. , 1987 : The 1983 and 1985
anomalies in ozone distribution in
perspective. Mort, Weather Rev. ,
115, 2187-_201.
Ishov, A.G. , O.M. Nekhorosheva, and V.K.
Semyonov, 1991 : The results of
comparative tests for ozometric de-
vice on the Issyk Kul station for
regular total ozone measurements.
Trudy IEM, 24{1503, 59-66. Cin Rus-
sian).
Kamenogradsky, N.E. , V.K. Semyonov, V.P.
765


Ozone and nitrogen dioxide above the northern Tien Shan

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