We proposed model-data intercomparison studies for UARS data. In the past three months, we have been working on constructing analysis tools to diagnose the UARS data. The 'Trajectory mapping' technique, which was developed by Morris (1994), is adaptable to generate synoptic maps of trace gas data from asynoptic observations. An in-house trajectory model (kinematic methods following Merrill et al., 1986 and Pickering et al., 1994) has been developed in AER under contract with NASA/ACMAP and the trajectory mapping tool has been applied to analyze UARS measurement

Hu, Wenjie

Ko, Malcolm K. W.

Rodriquez, Jose M.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

CR-203631
C:IQP
Quarterly Progress Report
on the
Utilization of UARS data in Validation of Photochemical and Dynamical
Mechanism in Stratospheric Models
(Contract NAS5-32844)
by
Jose M. Rodriguez, Wenjie Hu and Malcolm K. W. Ko
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139
for
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771
August 15, 1995
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19970011658 2020-06-16T03:09:22+00:00Z
1. Introduction
AER proposed model-data intercomparison studies for UARS data. In the past
three months, we have been working on consmacting analysis tools to diagnose the
UARS data. The "Trajectory mapping" technique, which was developed by Morris
(1994), is adapted to generate synoptic maps of trace gas data from asynoptic
observations. An in-house trajectory model (kinematic methods following Merrill et al.,
1986 and Pickering et al., 1994) has been developed in AER under contract with
NASA/ACMAP and the trajectory mapping tool has been applied to analyze UARS
measurement.
The comparisons with Morris's results will be shown in the following. UARS
data for these studies were obtained from the DAAC system. The CD ROM of UARS
data, including the data from CLAES, ISAMS, MLS and HALOE instrument as well as
daily meteorological data sets from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) and
the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), has been ordered.
2. Methodology
Due to the fact that UARS measurements from different instruments are not
collocated, it is important to utilize an analysis tool which allows to obtain synoptic maps
from the asynoptic data. Several methods have been developed to produce synoptic maps
from asynopticaUy collected data: Kalman filtering (Haggard, 1986), Fourier Transform
method (Salby, 1982 a, b; Lait and Stanford, 1988), constituent reconstruction technique
(Schoeberl and Lait, 1992). Different from the above methods, trajectory mapping
(Morris, et al, 1994) utilizes the meteorological analyses under fewer assumptions to
produce synoptic maps by advecting forward and backward a group of measurements at
a same instant. A two-dimensional trajectory model is employed on the isentropic
surface for the trajectory mapping.
The trajectory mapping technique has several advantages over the other methods.
The motions of real atmosphere are incorporated in the calculations. A single
measurement can contribute to the constituent fields at different times. Trajectory maps
can be generated outside of periods during which measurements are made as long as wind
fields exist. Missing points in the constituent measurement relatively have no effects on
the mapping.
Thetrajectorymappingtool alsohassomedisadvantages.First, thequality of a
trajectorymapsubstantiallydependsuponthemeteorologicalanalysis.Theinaccurate
meteorologicalfields woulddegradethequality of theoriginaldata. Second,the
trajectorymapsarenot uniformly gridded.But generally,in theanalysisof UARSdata
set,thetrajectorymappingtechniquegeneratesynopticmapssuperiorto or comparable
with othermethods(Morris 1994).
3. Comparison with Morris's Results
To apply the trajectory mapping technique, an in-house trajectory model at
AER is used to create synoptic maps for UARS data. A set of balanced wind data were
used in the trajectory model. The balanced wind fields were calculated from NMC daily
analyses following Randel's method (1987). We concentrate on the same cases as Morris
has done for direct comparisons: CLAES N20 mapping on September 9, 1992 and MLS
H20 mapping during period of February 18-23, 1993. Morris's calculations were also
based on NMC meteorological data, but different wave numbers were chosen in his
calculation of balanced winds.
To check the capabilities of trajectory mapping, the measurements of long-lived
tracer gas N20 from CLAES were used to create the synoptic maps. The global synoptic
map of N20 at 800K isentropic surface at 12 UT on September 9, 1992 was calculated
using the trajectory filling technique. The measurements during periods of September 6-
13, 1992 were used. The data points measured before noon on September 9, 1992
were calculated forwardly using trajectory model while those measured after noon on
September 9, 1992 were done backwardly. The asynoptic map of N20 at 800K is shown
in Figure la, in which measurements are from 00UT, September 9, to 00UT, September
10 by CLAES. The synoptic maps calculated from AER's and Morris's trajectory model
are shown in Figure lb and Figure lc individually. The smaller dots represent the
parcels added more than 12 hours from the time of the synoptic map while larger dots
represent the parcels have been advected by the trajectory models in less than 12 hours.
In comparison with the asynoptic map, data coverage is largely improved in the synoptic
maps which combine the data at several days. The mapping of N20 from AER
trajectory model is very close to Morris's result.
Barnes's scheme was applied to get the gridded product of trajectory map. The
result from AER model is shown in Figure 2. The wave-breaking event in the middle
latitude of Southern Hemisphere shows clearly from N20 synoptic map. The potential
2
vorticity on 800Kisentropicsurface(calculatedfrom NMC analysis)at00UT,
September9, 1992,is givenin Figure3. If thevortexedgein thesouthernpolar region
is definedas3.0X10-4 (Km2/kgs)PV contour,wecanseethat thegradientsof N20
acrossthevortexboundaryarewell maintainedin thesynopticmap(Figure2).
Thetrajectorymappingtechniquehasbeenusedto studythehistoryof
atmosphericevents,suchasthetime sequenceof thewave breaking.Thelargescale
intrusionof tropicalair to middleand highlatitudein theNorthemHemispherein
February1993is detectedverywell in MLS H20 data. Thesequencesynopticmapsof
MLS H20 at 800K isentropicsurfacefrom bothAER andMorris trajectorymodels axe
shownin Figure4. Theconstituentsfrom tropics(thedots in darkgreencolor) gradually
movedto middleandhighlatitudes(where redcolor dotsarein thebackground)from
February20, 1993to February23,1993. Thethick black linerepresents3.0X10-4
(Km2/kgs)NMC PV contourline. Thegradientsof H20 andNMC PV showhigh
correlationsin bothresults,whichprovidethe validity of trajectorymappingtechnique.
4. Future works
Applying trajectory mapping technique and AER photochemical models, we are
going to work on two tasks in the next three months:
(1) Continue comparison of our synoptic maps with Morris's results.
(2) Special case study on Pinatubo's eruptions
With the arrival of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosols, large decreases of NO2 column
amounts were observed at midlatitudes in both hemispheres. Increases in HNO3 were
observed (Koike et al., 1994) as expected. Model calculations qualitatively agree with
the observational trends, but the observed response is much larger than model
calculations (Moike et al., 1994). We axe going to focus on special case studies for
characterization of heterogeneous chemistry, such as the response of stratospheric
constituents with altitudes to the Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
To determine the extent of response due to the Pinatubo eruption, the
measurements of NOx and HNO3 in UARS will be examined during the period from the
eruptions (June, 1991) to the recovery of the stratosphere when the volcanic aerosols
subsided (later in 1993). The UARS data has global coverage, and also extends the
sampling at different altitudes from the upper troposphere to the thermosphere. Thus, the
heterogeneous mechanisms can be tested over extended regions and further
3
understandingof heterogeneouschemistrycouldbemade.We will identify ground-
baseddatafrom NSSDCnetworkthatwill allow the aboveintercomparison.
References
Haggard, K. V., E. E. Remsberg, et al, Description of Data on the Nimbus 7 LIMS Map
Archival Tape, Technical Report No. 2553, NASA, 1986.
Lait, L.R. and J. L. Stanford, Applications of Asynoptic Space-Time Fourier Transform
Methods to Scanning Satellite Measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3784-3799,
1988.
Merrill, J. T., R. Bleck and D. Boudra, Techniques of Lagrangian Trajectory Analysis in
Isentropic Coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 571-581, 1986.
Morris, G. A, A Demonstration and Evaluation of Trajectory Mapping, Ph.D. thesis,
Rice University, 1994.
Morris, G. A., L. Elson, J. Waters, R.A. Suttie, A. Roche, J. Kumer and J. M. Russell,
III, Trajectory Mapping of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) data. J.
Geophys. Res, in press, 1995.
Picketing, K. E. and A. M. Thompson, D. P. McNamara and M. R. Schoeberl, An
Intercomparison of Isentropic Trajectories over the South Atlantic. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 122, 864-879, 1994.
Randel, W. J., The Evolution of Winds from Geopotential Height Data in the
Stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3097-4120, 1987.
Salby,
Salby,
M. L., Sampling Theory for Asynoptic Satellite Observations, Part I: Space-Time
Spectra, Resolution and Aliasing. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2577-2600, 1982.
M. L., Sampling Theory for Asynoptic Satellite Observations, Part II: Fast Fourier
Synoptic Mapping. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2601-2614, 1982.
Schoeberl M. R. and L. R. Lait, Conservative Coordinate Transformations for
Atmospheric Measurements, Proceedings of the International School of Physics;
The use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Physics', New York, Elsevier Science
Publishing Company, Inc., 1992.
4
/Koikc, M., N, B, Jones, W. A. Marrhews, P. V. Johnston, R. L. Mckenzic, D. Kinnison
and J. Rodriguez, Impact of Pinatubo Aerosols on the Partitioning between NO2
and HNO3. Geophys. Res. Let., 21, No.7, 597-600, 1994.
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Utilization of UARS data in validation of photo-
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R. AUTHOR(S)
Jose M. Rodriguez, Wenjie Hu and Malcolm Ko
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Utilization of UARS Data in Validation of Photochemical and Dynamical
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We proposed model-data intercomparsion studies for UARS data. In the past three months, we have been working
on constructing analysis tools to diagnose the UARS data. The "Trajectory mapping" technique, which was developed by
Morris (1994), is adaptable to generate synoptic maps of trace gas data from asynoptic observations. An in-house trajectory
model (kinematic methods following Merrill et al., 1986 and Pickering et al., 1994) has been developed in AER under
contract with NASA/ACMAP and the trajectory mapping tool has been applied to analyze UARS measurement.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
UARS, trajectory mapping
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Utilization of UARS Data in Validation of Photochemical and Dynamical Mechanism in Stratospheric Models

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