Since initial contact between Earth Search Sciences, Inc. (ESSI) and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in February, 1994, at least seven proposals have been submitted in response to a variety of solicitations to commercialize and improve the AVIRIS instrument. These proposals, matching ESSI's unique position with respect to agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to utilize, miniaturize, and commercialize the AVIRIS instrument and platform, are combined with the applied engineering of the INEL. Teaming ESSI, NASA/JPL, and INEL with diverse industrial partners has strengthened the respective proposals. These efforts carefully structure the overall project plans to ensure the development, demonstration, and deployment of this concept to the national and international arenas. The objectives of these efforts include: (1) developing a miniaturized commercial, real-time, cost effective version of the AVIRIS instrument; (2) identifying multiple users for AVIRIS; (3) integrating the AVIRIS technology with other technologies; (4) gaining the confidence/acceptance of other government agencies and private industry in AVIRIS; and (5) increasing the technology base of U.S. industry

Ferguson, James S.

Ferguson, Joanne E.

Peel, John, III

Vance, Larry

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

N95- 33746
A LAYERED APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OF AVIRIS
BETWEEN EARTH SEARCH SCIENCES, INC. AND THE
IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
James S. Ferguson, JoAnne E. Ferguson, John Peel, III., and Larry Vance
!. GENERAL
Since initial contact between Earth Search Sciences, Inc. (ESS[) and the Idaho
National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in February, 1994, at least seven proposals
have been submitted in response to a variety of solicitations to commercialize and
improve the AVIRIS instrument. These proposals, matching ESSI's unique position
with respect to agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to utilize, miniaturize, and
commercialize the AVIRIS instrument and platform, are combined with the applied
engineering of the INEL. Teaming ESS1, NASA/JPL, and INEL with diverse
industrial partners has strengthened the respective proposals. These efforts carefully
structure the overall project plans to ensure the development, demonstration, and
deployment of this concept to the national and international arenas.
The objectives of these efforts include:
• developing a miniaturized commercial, real-time, cost effective
version of the AVIRIS instrument
• identifying multiple uses for AVIRIS
• integrating the AVIRIS technology with other technologies
• gaining the confidence/acceptance of other government agencies and
private industry in AVIRIS, and
• increasing the technology base of U.S. industry.
!.1 History.
The initial contact between ESSI and INEL began in February 1994, as ESS[
was involved in discussions with the Idaho Department of Commerce (IDOC). ESSI,
a small business within the state, approached the IDOC with a need for assistance from
a large institution with the capability to develop a miniaturized version of the AVIRIS
instrument that could be deployed on a commercial airborne platform. ESSI had an
agreement under the Space Act to utilize the AVIRIS instrument for mineral
exploration since 1987. ESS] had been working with NASA and JPL to improve the
instrument, verifying and validating the results of the overflights as they were made.
ESSI also concluded an agreement with NASA/JPL to re-deploy the AVIRIS from the
ER-2 flight platform to NASA's C-130, fuse the AVIRIS data with that of other
sensors on the C-130 platform, and to miniaturize and commercialize the instrument
for use throughout the world. With an array of industrial partners in the U.S. and
from other countries, ESSI assembled a world class team of potential partners who can
provide unique capabilities for applications. TRW, Inc. joined the group in May 1994.
In June, 1994, Tetra Tech, Inc., joined the ESSI and INEL efforts, adding their
significant remote sensing and environmental reputation and expertise to the efforts.
Tetra Tech is rated seventh of the top 200 small businesses in the United States by
Forbes Magazine. Lockheed and several other firms followed Tetra Tech in October
1994, forming a team to use AVIRIS in Kazakhstan as a major cornerstone in the
United States policy to convert defense industries to commercial entities. This has
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950027325 2020-06-16T06:59:43+00:00Z
been followed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency participating in a
demonstration of the technology for environmental assessment and monitoring of large
areas in place of traditional sampling methods. U.S. commercial and agricultural
industries also expressed an interest in using the same technology to assess areas prior
to purchase and to monitor existing operations. Today, the education community is
attracted to the field of remote sensing and is using AVIRIS as a technical cornerstone
to establish an international Remote Sensing Center of Excellence accompanied by
graduate degree programs and a dedicated testing center in excess of 4,000 square
miles at the University of Idaho.
1.2 Teaming.
As a small business, publicly-held, but sold in the penny stock market, ESSI
has severely-limited funds to bring to the venture. Seeking funds from other partners
or through joint solicitations with other federal agencies and. federal entities is the
primary means of securing capital. Signing Memorandums of Agreement (MOA),
negotiating Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), and
concluding Teaming Agreements with government and private industry has been the
preferred route for ESSI to protect the intellectual property rights to the technology.
These arrangements have increased the leveraging of funds and expanded the potential
business opportunities. Business plans between team members are used to share the
division of labor and profit.
2. PROPOSAL SOLICITATIONS
2.1 Advanced Projects Research Agency (ARPA) Technology Reinvestment
Project (TRP).
This proposal was initiated to develop dual-use hyperspectral instruments for
environmental, agricultural, mining, forestry and specific Department of Defense
applications requiring unique signature identification. This $6M proposal involves the
design and construction of a real-time, miniaturized, commercial prototype
hyperspectral instrument and developing a new family of hyperspectral instruments
with industrial firms, including: TRW, Inc., Earth Search Science, Inc. (ESSI),
National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), Jet Propulsion Laboratories
(JPL), WJT Software, Integrated Spectronics PTY, CALTECH, and EG&G Idaho. A
MOA between TRW, Inc, Earth Search Science, Inc., NASA/JPL, and EG&G Idaho,
Inc., was concluded between the partners. Upon award, a Teaming Agreement and a
Business Plan will be produced.
2.2 Rocky Flats Request for Proposals.
This request resulted in another proposal entitled "Aerial Multispectral Sensor
Platform for the Detection of Rocky Flats Hazardous (including Radiological) and
Toxic Wastes". This SlAM effort proposes to characterize both hazardous (including
radiological) and toxic wastes surveyed from an airborne multisensor platform at
hovering altitudes, mid-level altitudes (30,00 ft.), and high altitudes (>60,00 ft.). The
airborne platforms will be enhanced with non-radiological sensing capability,
including, but not limited to, thermal imaging to detect vegetal stress, seeps, and other
hydrological features; laser induced fluorescence; and electromagnetic
imaging/magnetometer/ground penetrating radar coupled to video to provide better
arrays and overcome the limitations of separate sensors. Data fusion, data
compression, and data management are project keystones. All data collected in the
flyovers will be fused into a geographic information system (GIS) data base. These
52
data will be used in the site-wide management information system affecting the
environmental remediation of Rocky Flats Plant. A MOA was concluded between the
partners. When an award is announced, a CRADA with the INEL will be executed.
2.3 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Technology Initiative
(ETI).
This is a $700K proposal to use the Fort Hall Indian Reservation as a
demonstration site to evaluate the current monitoring capabilities and development
needs of hyperspectral instruments used for environmental purposes. The technology
demonstration will also be used to identify the extent of recurring pollution on the
reservation (nitrates, ethylene dibromide, and assorted pesticides and herbicides). Non-
point-source pollution cannot be adequately addressed by traditional sampling methods.
Partners include the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe, the INEL, EPA, NASA/JPL, and Earth
Search Sciences, Inc. (ESSI). EPA funding is being leveraged with ESSI providing
$3.5K. An MOA was concluded by the team to demonstrate the airborne multisensor
platform and train Shoshone-Bannock Tribe personnel to use GIS to manage the
reservation resources. When an award is announced, a CRADA will be executed.
2.4 EPA Requested Flyover of the San Jacinto River.
In October 1994, EPA requested ESSI's assistance to use the AVIRIS to
assess the environmental impact of a gasoline pipeline break in the Houston, Texas
area. With demonstration of the technology for environmental purposes over large
land areas, EPA has indicated that remote sensing may be substituted for traditional,
expensive and time-consuming sampling procedures. This may include monitoring the
environmental status of the Gulf of Mexico coast and the U.S.-Mexico border area.
2.5 Retrofit of the AVIRIS to the NASA/JPL C-130 Multisensor Platform.
In October 1994, ESSI obtained JPL support to retrofit the AVIRIS
instrument to the NASA C-130 aircraft. This will enable the AVIRIS instrument to
collect 5 by 5 meter pixel data flying at 5,000 meter AGL, a 16-fold increase in spatial
resolution over the resolution available currently with the ER-2 aircraft.
2.6 International Remote Sensing Center of Excellence.
The international Remote Sensing Center of Excellence's mission is to support
watershed/river basin management as it affects all biota. Idaho was selected because
the state is rich in potential sensor services users and developers and offers a natural
laboratory for sensor platform testing and evaluation. The potential client base
includes agriculture, range management, fisheries, mining, forestry, wildlife
management, and human engineering.
2.7 Defense Nuclear Agency Defense Industry Conversion Solicitation.
This $1 I M proposal is to use hyperspectral and multispectral imaging to
explore for minerals, perform environmental assessments, manage national industries,
such as agriculture and forestry, natural resource management, and land use planning
for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The teaming arrangement, which consists of
Lockheed Environmental Systems and Technologies, ESSI, Tetra Tech, Inc., Ramparts
Technologies, Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company, NASA/JPL, EG&G
Measurements, Las Vegas, Bishop Associates, SEMTECH (Kazakhstan industry
partner), and Scientech, plans to begin operations in January 1995.
53
2.8 Latin America Initiative.
Several proposals have been developed to partner with industry, universities,
and State and Federal agencies to develop, package, and deliver Department of Energy
and ESSI competitive advanced technology products/services. This approach provides
solutions to critical environmental restoration and waste management problems while
furthering national business and technology goals. The proposals include providing
environmental management education and training services to build an infrastructure in
Mexico and are planned for expansion to Chile and Argentina. Use of the AVIRIS
and other non-intrusive remote sensing technologies provides the technical foundation
for this effort.
3. FUTURE PLANS
3.1 Solicitation Plans.
Through teaming with other firms, ESSI plans to continue to respond to
future solicitations. This allows them to identify possible technology applications for
remote sensing which far exceed it current capability to fulfill. Current partners
include three firms based in the Washington DC area. One centers its efforts on
federal government opportunities, the second focuses on international opportunities,
and the third on major corporations which have remote sensing requirements. Where
possible, these firms are included as teaming partners in proposals. None require up
front financing to obtain potential remote sensing applications. All potential partners
agree to allow ESSI to establish offices with little or no overhead costs, gain access to
new markets, and obtain the services of other firms' marketing capabilities of products
and services.
3.2 Relocation Plans.
ESSI is evaluating opportunities in relocating to southeast Idaho to more fully
use national laboratory assets. National laboratories now offer a variety of services to
small businesses. These range from CRADAs to use of the laboratory's staff and
laboratories to being awarded contracts identified solely for small business. Ten
percent of INEL's FY-95 $1B budget is committed to small and minority businesses.
4. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN US AND
INTERNATIONAL ARENAS
ESSI current projects and outstanding funding proposals were reviewed by
patent attorneys to determine appropriate actions to protect their intellectual property
through patents, trademarks, an copyrights. Applications have been initiated to obtain
patents lbr equipment, processes, and new applications of single and multiple remote
sensing systems. Protection of intellectual property has been included in all
Memorandums of Agreement, Teaming Agreements, and proposals. Other methods are
also being used, such as the CRADA which allows commercially valuable data
generated to be withheld from public release for up to five years, and teaming with
firms currently doing business in international arenas.
5. CONCLUSION
ESSI has developed an approach to a costly technology development program
that fully leverages the resources of others while retaining ownership, technical
application and control, and management direction.
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A layered approach to technology transfer of AVIRIS between Earth Search Sciences, Inc. and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory

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