We examine how to construct a spatial manifold and its geometry from the
entanglement structure of an abstract quantum state in Hilbert space. Given a
decomposition of Hilbert space H into a tensor product of factors,
we consider a class of "redundancy-constrained states" in H that
generalize the area-law behavior for entanglement entropy usually found in
condensed-matter systems with gapped local Hamiltonians. Using mutual
information to define a distance measure on the graph, we employ classical
multidimensional scaling to extract the best-fit spatial dimensionality of the
emergent geometry. We then show that entanglement perturbations on such
emergent geometries naturally give rise to local modifications of spatial
curvature which obey a (spatial) analog of Einstein's equation. The Hilbert
space corresponding to a region of flat space is finite-dimensional and scales
as the volume, though the entropy (and the maximum change thereof) scales like
the area of the boundary. A version of the ER=EPR conjecture is recovered, in
that perturbations that entangle distant parts of the emergent geometry
generate a configuration that may be considered as a highly quantum wormhole.Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures. Updated notation, references, and
acknowledgemen