Christiansen, Eric L.

Hyde, Jim

Nagy, Kornel

NASA Technical Reports Server

1National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
NASA WG3 MMOD Protection Summary
34th Interagency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC)
29 March – 1 April 2016
NASA JSC-XI/Eric L. Christiansen
NASA JSC-ES/Kornel Nagy
NASA JSC/Jim Hyde
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170009403 2019-08-29T23:32:10+00:00Z
2National Aeronautics and
Space Administration Summary of MMOD Protection Activities
• Prepared inputs to AI 31.3 Vulnerability Report
• IT32‐13: Batteries (summary charts 3-5)
• IT32‐21: MLI
• IT32‐18: Fluid Lines (in work)
• IT32‐11: Cables (in work)
• International Space Station (ISS): 
• Identified MMOD damage in on-orbit photos of ISS hardware (chart 6)
• Performing on-orbit inspection of visiting vehicle thermal protection systems prior to 
undock 
• Continue damage detection & repair work (joint international working group)
• Multipurpose Crew Vehicle (Orion), Commercial Crew & Resupply 
Vehicles:
• Performed risk assessments and hypervelocity impact tests to verify compliance to 
MMOD requirements
• Performed post-flight MMOD damage inspections of SpaceX Dragon cargo vehicle 
after ISS resupply missions (SpX-5 and SpX-6 missions)
3National Aeronautics and
Space Administration Lithium-Ion Battery Tests
• Several hypervelocity impact tests performed on Li-ion battery cells
• Cells were fully-charged prior to impact and protected by 
honeycomb panel and additional shielding materials
• Two cells in each test (“primary” was impacted, “secondary” cell was 
in close proximity to determine if thermal effects propagate  
Test # Projectile 
Diameter 
(mm) 
Impact 
Obliquity 
(°) 
Impact 
Speed 
(km/s) 
Cell Damage 
Measurements 
(mm) 
HITF12143 10.0 0 6.86 Primary cell-Perforated with peak temperature of 184°C 
Secondary cell-No ignition or thermal runaway 
HITF12144 10.0 0 7.02 Primary cell-Perforated, no ignition, peak temperature 194°C 
Secondary cell- Thermal runaway peaking at 531°C 
HITF12145 10.0 30 7.05 Primary cell-No Perforation 
Secondary cell-No Perforation 
HITF12147 13.5 45 6.88 Primary cell-Perforated with peak temperature of 193°C 
Secondary cell- Thermal runaway peaking at 315°C 
HITF12148 10.0 0 7.19 Primary cell-Perforated, no ignition 
Secondary cell-No ignition or thermal runaway 
 
4National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Lithium-Ion Battery Tests
HITF-12143, 1cm diameter Al @ 6.86 km/s
5National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Lithium-Ion Battery Tests
HITF-12143, 1cm diameter Al @ 6.86 km/s
• Energetic response to hypervelocity impact
6National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Space Station Remote Manipulator 
System (SSRMS)
Possible MMOD strike on SSRMS, close-up image obtained 9 Oct 2015
iss034e064347
7National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Backup Charts
8National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
ISS Bumper finite element model
after addition of MLM, Russian Node, Science Power Module, and Bigelow Expandable 
Activity Module (BEAM), and after PMM relocation
Not shown:
• Visiting vehicles
• Radiators/solar arrays
• Hardware/ORUs
Over 1000 different types of ISS shielding, 
not including functional equipment/hardware 
– each shield (represented by different color 
in MMOD model below) varies in 
performance, i.e., the MMOD particle size 
that shield defeats is a function of impact 
speed, angle, projectile density, and 
projectile shape/orientation


NASA WG3 MMOD Protection Summary

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