Wind tunnel tests of a 5.75 scale model of the Boeing Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) configuration were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) 14x22 and NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) 40x80 low speed wind tunnels as part of the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow-through nacelle (FTN) configuration of this model were performed before and after the testing. This paper presents a summary of the experimental and CFD results for the model in the cruise and landing configurations

Carter, Melissa B.

Deere, Karen A.

Garcia, Joseph A.

Schuh, Michael J.

Stremel, Paul M.

Tompkins, Daniel M.

NASA Technical Reports Server

www.nasa.gov
AIAA SciTech 2016, Jan 4-8 2016, San Diego, CA
NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation Hybrid 
Wing Body Flow-Through Nacelle Wind Tunnel CFD
Michael J. Schuh and Joseph A. Garcia
NASA Ames Research Center
Melissa B. Carter and Karen A. Deere
NASA Langley Research Center
Daniel M. Tompkins
Boeing Research & Technology
Paul M. Stremel
Science and Technology Corporation
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160000979 2019-08-31T04:47:36+00:00Z
Outline
• Motivation
• Geometry
• Overview of simulations
• Four CFD codes
• Simulation results for five different configurations
• Summary & Conclusions
2
Motivation
Why were we running CFD?
• Support pretest configuration changes and wind tunnel model design
• Quantify installation effects
• Guide post test data corrections
• Extrapolate from wind tunnel to free flight
Why multiple codes?
• Increased confidence in CFD predictions – especially before the 
availability of wind tunnel data
• Different people running different CFD codes often results in better and 
higher confidence results
• Opportunity for CFD modelers to learn from each other
3
HWB Test Model – Cruise 
Configuration
5.75% of Full Scale
4
17 in
83 in
158 in
Baseline and Acoustic Krueger
Landing Krueger grid 
positions are a 3x3 matrix
L11 L12 L13
L21 L22 L23
L31 L32 L33
Wing MLL
Gap
Overhang
(-) as shown
Angle
5
Baseline and Acoustic Krueger
Landing Krueger grid 
positions are a 3x3 matrix
L11 L12 L13
L21 L22 L23
L31 L32 L33
Wing MLL
Gap
Overhang
(-) as shown
Angle
6
Top View of Krueger Brackets
7
Bottom View of Krueger Brackets
Center Bracket 
8
Model has 5 wind tunnel Krueger brackets.  
Flight vehicle would have smaller and 20+ Krueger brackets. 
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
9
All results are for 
Freestream Mach = 0.2
CFD Codes
• USM3D
– Used  by NASA LaRC, NASA LaRC developed
– Tetrahedral cell meshes
• CFD++
– Used by Boeing, COTS code
– Triangular prisms, tetrahedrals, and pyramids meshes
• STAR-CCM+
– Used by NASA ARC, COTS code
– Polyhedral volume mesh with prism layer on surface
• OVERFLOW
– Used by NASA ARC, NASA LaRC developed with ARC origin
– Overset structured meshes
• All Codes ran with y+ < 1.  All but STAR-CCM+ used SA turbulence model, 
STAR-CCM+ was run with SST turbulence model.
10
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
11
Cruise Lift
12
L
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Angle of Attack
                              
                              
                              
                              
14x22, Cruise, r84
40x80, Cruise, r60
40x80, Cruise, R96
Corrected Tunnels
Wind tunnel data classically 
corrected for 
 
and q.  
Cruise Lift
13
L
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C
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Angle of Attack
                              
                              
                              
                              
14x22, Cruise, r84
40x80, Cruise, r60
40x80, Cruise, R96
Corrected Tunnels
Wind tunnel data classically 
corrected for 
 
and q.  
Cruise with 14x22 Sting
Cruise with 40x80 Sting
Cruise Lift
14
L
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C
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Cruise
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Cruise
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Cruise
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Cruise
14x22, Cruise, r84
40x80, Cruise, r60
40x80, Cruise, R96
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Cruise with 14x22 Sting
Cruise with 40x80 Sting
Wind tunnel data classically 
corrected for 
 
and q.  
Good comparison up to stall
Cruise Drag
15
D
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g
 
C
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Cruise
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Cruise
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Cruise
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Cruise
14x22, Cruise, r84
40x80, Cruise, r60
40x80, Cruise, R96
Cruise with 14x22 Sting
Cruise with 40x80 Sting
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Good comparison up to stall
Cruise Pitching Moment
16
P
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Cruise
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Cruise
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Cruise
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Cruise
14x22, Cruise, r84
40x80, Cruise, r60
40x80, Cruise, R96
Cruise with 14x22 Sting
Cruise with 40x80 Sting
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Good comparison up to stall
Scatter due to 
expanded scale
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
17
Baseline Krueger Lift
18
L
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C
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Baseline Krueger with
14x22 StingNo Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Baseline Krueger Drag
19
D
r
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g
 
C
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f
f
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Baseline Krueger with
14x22 Sting
No Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Baseline Krueger Pitching Moment
20
P
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M
o
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n
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C
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Angle of Attack
14x22 Sting, USM3D, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22 Sting, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Baseline Krueger with
14x22 Sting
No Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
21
HWB in LaRC 14’x22’
22
Wind Tunnel Walls
CFD Configuration used for 14’x22’ in STAR-CCM+
1000” to simulation inlet 1000” to simulation outlet
HWB is ~83” long
Side View
Cross Section 
View
23
OVERFLOW Meshing
OVERFLOW meshing layout
used for LaRC 14’x22’
24
82 Grids
Tunnel, Wake Box, and Sting Box, =25°
Baseline Kreuger in 14'x22' Lift
25
L
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C
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Angle of Attack
In 14x22, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
In 14x22, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Uncorrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
14x22, Corrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
CFD with 14x22 Walls
Uncorrected 14x22 Data
No Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Baseline Kreuger in 14'x22' Drag
26
D
r
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g
 
C
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f
f
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Angle of Attack
In 14x22, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
In 14x22, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Uncorrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
14x22, Corrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
CFD with 14x22 Walls
Uncorrected 14x22 Data
No Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Baseline Kreuger in 14'x22' Pitching 
Moment
27
P
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M
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C
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Angle of Attack
In 14x22, STAR-CCM+, Baseline 45-2x2
In 14x22, OVERFLOW, Baseline 45-2x2
14x22, Uncorrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
14x22, Corrected, Baseline 45-2x2, r96
CFD with 14x22 Walls
Uncorrected 14x22 Data
No Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
28
Acoustic Krueger Lift
29
L
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C
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f
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Angle of Attack
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
14x22, Acoustic 45-3x2, r33
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Acoustic Krueger Drag
30
D
r
a
g
 
C
o
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f
f
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n
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Angle of Attack
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
14x22, Acoustic 45-3x2, r33
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Acoustic Krueger Pitching Moment
31
P
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i
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g
 
M
o
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C
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Angle of Attack
40x80 Sting, CFD++, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80 Sting, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
14x22, Acoustic 45-3x2, r33
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Free Air CFD
Corrected Tunnels
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
CFD Configurations
Cruise
• Free Air
Baseline Krueger no brackets
• Free Air
• 14’x22’ Wind Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger w/brackets
• Free Air
• 40’x80’ Wind Tunnel
32
HWB in NASA Ames 40’x80’
33
CFD HWB in ARC 40’x80’
34
STAR-CCM+
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Lift
35
L
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C
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f
f
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Angle of Attack
In 40x80, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
In 40x80, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
CFD with 40x80 Walls
Uncorrected 40x80 Data
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Drag
36
D
r
a
g
 
C
o
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f
f
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n
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Angle of Attack
In 40x80, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
In 40x80, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
CFD with 40x80 Walls
Uncorrected 40x80 Data
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Pitching 
Moment
37
P
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M
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C
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f
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Angle of Attack
In 40x80, STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
In 40x80, OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Uncorrected values, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
CFD with 40x80 Walls
Uncorrected 40x80 Data
Krueger brackets 
modeled in CFD
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Lift w/Free 
Air CFD
38
Free Air CFD
Corrected 40x80
CFD with Walls
Uncorrected 40x80
L
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C
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Angle of Attack
STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Arbitrary shift 
offset in Lift
CFD with Walls
Uncorrected 40x80
Free Air F
Corrected 40x80
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Drag 
w/Free Air CFD
39
Free Air CFD
Corrected 40x80
CFD with Walls
Uncorrected 40x80
D
r
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g
 
C
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f
f
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n
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Angle of Attack
STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Arbitrary shift 
offset in Drag
ll
 
Acoustic Krueger in 40'x80' Pitching 
Moment w/Free Air CFD
40
Free Air CFD
Corrected 40x80
CFD with Walls
Uncorrected 40x80
P
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i
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M
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n
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C
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f
f
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Angle of Attack
STAR-CCM+, Acoustic 45-3x2
OVERFLOW, Acoustic 45-3x2
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, r23
40x80, Acoustic 45-3x2, R02
Arbitrary shift offset 
in Pitching Moment
F  ith alls
corrected 40x80
Matrix of CFD and Tunnel Data
14’x22’
LaRC
40’x80’
ARC
USM3D
LaRC
CFD++
Boeing
STAR-CCM+
ARC
OVERFLOW
ARC
Cruise in Free Air 14’x22’ 
Sting
40’x80’ 
Sting
40’x80’
Sting
14’x22’ 
Sting
Cruise in Tunnel x x
Baseline Krueger 
45°-2x2 in Free Air
14’x22’ 
Sting
14’x22’
Sting
14’x22’ 
Sting
Baseline Krueger 
45°-2x2 in Tunnel
x 14’x22’ 
Tunnel
14’x22’ 
Tunnel
Acoustic Krueger 
45-3x2 in Free Air
40’x80’ 
Sting
40’x80’
Sting
40’x80’ 
Sting
Acoustic Krueger 
45-3x2 in Tunnel 
x x 40’x80’ 
Tunnel
40’x80’ 
Tunnel
All data is for Freestream Mach = 0.2
41
Summary & Conclusions
• CFD simulations were performed before and after testing
• Used 4 different CFD codes
• 5.75% HWB scale model tested in the NASA LaRC 14’x22’ 
and NASA ARC 40’x80’ wind tunnels
• Good agreement with the measured results up to the stall
• Less agreement after the onset of stall
• Accurately modeled the vehicle in free air and with the wind 
tunnel walls
42


NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation Hybrid Wing Body Flow-Through Nacelle Wind Tunnel CFD

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