SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:GPE/1977 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Apai, D.

Bailey, V.

Biller, B.

Bonnefoy, M.

Brandner, W.

Buenzli, E.

Close, L.

Crepp, J.

De Rosa, R.

Defrére, D.

Desidera, S.

Eisner, J.

Esposito, S.

Fortney, J.

Freedman, R.

Henning, T.

Hinz, P.

Hofmann, K.

Kopytova, T.

Leisenring, J.

Lupu, R.

Maire, A.

Males, J.

Marley, M.

Morley, C.

Morzinski, K.

Oza, A.

Patience, J.

Rajan, A.

Rieke, G.

Schertl, D.

Schlieder, J.

Skemer, A.

Skrutskie, M.

Stone, J.

Su, K.

Vaz, A.

Visscher, C.

Ward-Duong, K.

Weigelt, G.

Woodward, C.

Zimmerman, N.

arXiv

MPG.PuRe

The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey: Characterization of the Coldest Directly Imaged Exoplanet, GJ 504 b, and Evidence for Superstellar Metallicity

Andrew J. Skemer

Caroline V. Morley

Neil T. Zimmerman

Michael F. Skrutskie

Jarron Leisenring

Esther Buenzli

Mickael Bonnefoy

Vanessa Bailey

Philip Hinz

Denis Defrére

Simone Esposito

Dániel Apai

Beth Biller

Wolfgang Brandner

Laird Close

Justin R. Crepp

Robert J. De Rosa

Silvano Desidera

Josh Eisner

Jonathan Fortney

Richard Freedman

Thomas Henning

Karl-Heinz Hofmann

Taisiya Kopytova

Roxana Lupu

Anne-Lise Maire

Jared R. Males

Mark Marley

Katie Morzinski

Apurva Oza

Jenny Patience

Abhijith Rajan

George Rieke

Dieter Schertl

Joshua Schlieder

Jordan Stone

Kate Su

Amali Vaz

Channon Visscher

Kimberly Ward-Duong

Gerd Weigelt

Charles E. Woodward

Crossref

The Astrophysical Journal

THE LEECH EXOPLANET IMAGING SURVEY: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COLDEST DIRECTLY IMAGED EXOPLANET, GJ 504 b, AND EVIDENCE FOR SUPERSTELLAR METALLICITY

As gas giant planets and brown dwarfs radiate away the residual heat from their formation, they cool through a spectral type transition from L to T, which encompasses the dissipation of cloud opacity and the appearance of strong methane absorption. While there are hundreds of known T-type brown dwarfs, the ﬁrst generation of directly-imaged exoplanets were all L-type. Recently, Kuzuhara et al. (2013) announced the discovery of GJ 504 b, the ﬁrst T dwarf exoplanet. GJ 504 b provides a unique opportunity to study the atmosphere of a new type of exoplanet with a ∼500 K temperature that bridges the gap between the ﬁrst directly imaged planets (∼1000 K) and our own Solar System’s Jupiter (∼130 K). We observed GJ 504 b in three narrow L-band ﬁlters (3.71, 3.88, and 4.00 µm), spanning the red end of the broad methane fundamental absorption feature (3.3 µm) as part of the LEECH exoplanet imaging survey. By compar-ing our new photometry and literature photometry to a grid of custom model atmospheres, we were able to ﬁt GJ 504 b’s unusual spectral energy distribution for the ﬁrst time. We ﬁnd that GJ 504 b is well-ﬁt by models with the follow-ing parameters: Teff =544±10 K, g/s2, [M/H]=0.60±0.12, cloud opacity parameter of fsed = 2 − 5, R=0.96±0.07 RJup, and log(L)=-6.13±0.03 L⊙, im-plying a hot start mass of 3-30 Mjup for a conservative age range of 0.1-6.5 Gyr. Of particular interest, our model ﬁts suggest that GJ 504 b has a super-stellar metallicity. Since planet formation can create objects with non-stellar metal-licities, while binary star formation cannot, this result suggests that GJ 504 b formed like a planet, not like a binary companion

Skemer, Andrew J.

Morley, Caroline V.

Zimmerman, Neil T.

Skrutskie, Michael F.

Leisenring, Jarron

Buenzli, Esther

Bonnefoy, Mickael

Bailey, Vanessa

Hinz, Philip

Defrere, Denis

Esposito, Simone

Apai, Daniel

Biller, Beth

Brandner, Wolfgang

Close, Laird

Crepp, Justin R.

De Rosa, Robert J.

Desidera, Silvano

Eisner, Josh

Fortney, Jonathan

Freedman, Richard

Henning, Thomas

Hofmann, Karl-Heinz

Kopytova, Taisiya

Lupu, Roxana

Maire, Anne-Lise

Males, Jared R.

Marley, Mark

Morzinski, Katie

Oza, Apurva

Patience, Jenny

Rajan, Abhijith

Rieke, George

Schertl, Dieter

Schlieder, Joshua

Stone, Jordan

Su, Kate

Vaz, Amali

Visscher, Channon

Ward-Duong, Kimberly

Weigelt, Gerd

Woodward, Charles E.

Dordt College

English

LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey: Characterization of the Coldest Directly Imaged Exoplanet, GJ 504 b, and Evidence for Super-Stellar Metallicity

peer reviewedAs gas giant planets and brown dwarfs radiate away the residual heat from their formation, they cool through a spectral type transition from L to T, which encompasses the dissipation of cloud opacity and the appearance of strong methane absorption. While there are hundreds of known T-type brown dwarfs, the first generation of directly imaged exoplanets were all L type. Recently, Kuzuhara et al. announced the discovery of GJ 504 b, the first T dwarf exoplanet. GJ 504 b provides a unique opportunity to study the atmosphere of a new type of exoplanet with a ˜500 K temperature that bridges the gap between the first directly imaged planets (˜1000 K) and our own solar system's Jupiter (˜130 K). We observed GJ 504 b in three narrow L-band filters (3.71, 3.88, and 4.00 μm), spanning the red end of the broad methane fundamental absorption feature (3.3 μm) as part of the LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt (LEECH) exoplanet imaging survey. By comparing our new photometry and literature photometry with a grid of custom model atmospheres, we were able to fit GJ 504 b's unusual spectral energy distribution for the first time. We find that GJ 504 b is well fit by models with the following parameters: T[SUB]eff[/SUB] = 544 ± 10 K, g < 600 m s[SUP]-2[/SUP], [M/H] = 0.60 ± 0.12, cloud opacity parameter of f[SUB]sed[/SUB] = 2-5, R = 0.96 ± 0.07 R[SUB]Jup[/SUB], and log(L) = -6.13 ± 0.03 L[SUB]⊙[/SUB], implying a hot start mass of 3-30 M[SUB]jup[/SUB] for a conservative age range of 0.1-6.5 Gyr. Of particular interest, our model fits suggest that GJ 504 b has a superstellar metallicity. Since planet formation can create objects with nonstellar metallicities, while binary star formation cannot, this result suggests that GJ 504 b formed like a planet, not like a binary companion. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are the University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrophisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and the Research Corporation, on behalf of the University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia

Apai, Dániel

Open Repository and Bibliography - Liège

International audienceAs gas giant planets and brown dwarfs radiate away the residual heat from their formation, they cool through a spectral type transition from L to T, which encompasses the dissipation of cloud opacity and the appearance of strong methane absorption. While there are hundreds of known T-type brown dwarfs, the first generation of directly imaged exoplanets were all L type. Recently, Kuzuhara et al. announced the discovery of GJ 504 b, the first T dwarf exoplanet. GJ 504 b provides a unique opportunity to study the atmosphere of a new type of exoplanet with a ∼500 K temperature that bridges the gap between the first directly imaged planets (∼1000 K) and our own solar system's Jupiter (∼130 K). We observed GJ 504 b in three narrow L-band filters (3.71, 3.88, and 4.00 μm), spanning the red end of the broad methane fundamental absorption feature (3.3 μm) as part of the LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt (LEECH) exoplanet imaging survey. By comparing our new photometry and literature photometry with a grid of custom model atmospheres, we were able to fit GJ 504 b's unusual spectral energy distribution for the first time. We find that GJ 504 b is well fit by models with the following parameters: Teff = 544 ± 10 K, g -2, [M/H] = 0.60 ± 0.12, cloud opacity parameter of fsed = 2-5, R = 0.96 ± 0.07 RJup, and log(L) = -6.13 ± 0.03 L⊙, implying a hot start mass of 3-30 Mjup for a conservative age range of 0.1-6.5 Gyr. Of particular interest, our model fits suggest that GJ 504 b has a superstellar metallicity. Since planet formation can create objects with nonstellar metallicities, while binary star formation cannot, this result suggests that GJ 504 b formed like a planet, not like a binary companion. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are the University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrophisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and the Research Corporation, on behalf of the University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia

Defrére, Denis

de Rosa, Robert J.

HAL-INSU

Office of Electricity Regulation (Offer), Birmingham (United Kingdom)

OpenGrey Repository

Guidance notes on codes of practice

HAL Université de Savoie

As gas giant planets and brown dwarfs radiate away the residual heat from their formation, they cool through a spectral type transition from L to T, which encompasses the dissipation of cloud opacity and the appearance of strong methane absorption. While there are hundreds of known T-type brown dwarfs, the first generation of directly imaged exoplanets were all L type. Recently, Kuzuhara et al. announced the discovery of GJ 504 b, the first T dwarf exoplanet. GJ 504 b provides a unique opportunity to study the atmosphere of a new type of exoplanet with a ∼500 K temperature that bridges the gap between the first directly imaged planets (∼1000 K) and our own solar system's Jupiter (∼130 K). We observed GJ 504 b in three narrow L-band filters (3.71, 3.88, and 4.00 μm), spanning the red end of the broad methane fundamental absorption feature (3.3 μm) as part of the LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt (LEECH) exoplanet imaging survey. By comparing our new photometry and literature photometry with a grid of custom model atmospheres, we were able to fit GJ 504 b's unusual spectral energy distribution for the first time. We find that GJ 504 b is well fit by models with the following parameters: Teff = 544 ± 10 K, g -2, [M/H] = 0.60 ± 0.12, cloud opacity parameter of fsed = 2-5, R = 0.96 ± 0.07 RJup, and log(L) = -6.13 ± 0.03 L☉, implying a hot start mass of 3-30 Mjup for a conservative age range of 0.1-6.5 Gyr. Of particular interest, our model fits suggest that GJ 504 b has a superstellar metallicity. Since planet formation can create objects with nonstellar metallicities, while binary star formation cannot, this result suggests that GJ 504 b formed like a planet, not like a binary companion. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are the University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrophisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and the Research Corporation, on behalf of the University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia

ESPOSITO, Simone

DESIDERA, Silvano

OA@INAF - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

Hal - Université Grenoble Alpes

https://openaccess.inaf.it/bitstream/20.500.12386/30205/1/Skemer_2016_ApJ_817_166.pdf