Social Assistance; Classification; Centralisation; Poverty; Redistribution

Katja Hoelsch

Margit Kraus

English

Research Papers in Economics

14 For concepts of poverty see e.g. Scheurle

16 This poverty line is used by EUROSTAT, see e.g. EUROSTAT (2000b). 17 The detailed results for the poverty line of 60 percent of the median are included in Appendix B.

18 For more information about the measures applied see

22 As noted above, as suitable data on social assistance expenditures are unavailable for the reporting year of 1995, the data provided by Gough

26 Since no data on unemployment assistance expenditure for Finland are included in Gough et al.

27 This aspect was analysed in Hölsch/Kraus

3 For technical details on these measures, see Johnson/Wichern (2002). 4 Since the Ward algorithm is based on the presence of differences in variances, which are cancelled out by the more common z-standardisation, the [0;1] standardisation is preferred.

3f.), Atkinson/Rainwater/Smeeding

8 For technical and mathematical details on the algorithms used, see http://www.spss.com/tech/stat/algorithms/11.0/proxscal.pdf and http://www.spss.com/tech/stat/algorithms/11.0/alscal.pdf 9 Cf. e.g. Morris/Preston

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This variant of MDS is also known as principal component analysis.

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http://www.uni-hohenheim.de/RePEc/hoh/papers/219.pdf

Poverty Alleviation and the Degree of Centralisation in European Schemes of Social Assistance

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