Amei Zhang

English

Research Papers in Economics

A Conflict of Interests: Current Problems in Educational Reform,&quot; in Economic Reform and Social Change in China, edited by Andrew Watson, London and

Adult illiteracy rate from the national sample survey of 1% of the total population in

am very grateful to Michael Lipton, Lora Sabin, Richard Jolly and the Human Development Report Team of UNDP, who gave valuable comments on an earlier draft.

are from Trends in Developing Economies

At the beginning of 1989, Deng Xiaoping and other state leaders admitted that education had been the biggest failure of the decade. See Guangming Ribao

Azizur Rahman Khan's article,

Calculated according to data from Statistical Yearbook of China

Calculated based on the current exchange rate in

Calculation based on the exchange rate in

Changes in China's Regional Disparities,&quot; a paper prepared for The Washington Center for

China: Zhongguo: shinian gaige yu bajiu minyun (Ten Years' Reform and the 1989's Democratic Movement). Taipei: Lianjing

Chungfang and Jiao Yongping (eds), A General Survey on the Social Status of Women in

Comment received from UNDP Resident Representative/UN Resident Coordinator, Beijing Mr. Arthur Holcombe on

Data are from the World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies

Du Zhixiong and Wang Xinhuai, &quot;Regional Poverty Alleviation Programme: Study Report of Poverty Alleviation In China,&quot;

Excerpts of Xu Zhijian's speech, deputy Secretary-General of the State Council and Vice-president of the National Working Committee for Women and Children (NWCWC), &quot;Mid-1990s Child Development in China,&quot; in Beijing Review,

For a detailed description, see Amei Zhang's report, &quot;Economic Growth and Human Development in China,&quot;

For a detailed description, see Ministry of Public Health of China, Selected Edition on Health Statistics in

For detailed information, see Justin Yifu Lin, op cit.,

Grim Diagnosis on the State of Rural Health Care, in China Daily,

In a news briefing held on March 21, 1997, Chunyun Jiang, a Vice Premier in Charge of Agriculture, said that 58 million people live below the national poverty line. See Shijie ribao (World Journal),

Incidence of poverty is an estimate of the percentage of people living below the poverty line.

Irresistible Force: Migrant workers are part of a solution, not a problem,&quot;

It is different from the figure provided by the World Bank, see Table 3.

Nations Children's Fund), The State of the World's Children

Poverty Reduction,

Rural Poverty in Post-Reform China,&quot;

Rural poverty in post-reform China,&quot; in The Third Revolution in the Chinese Countryside, edited by Ross Garnaut, Guo Shutian and Ma Guonan. Cambridge:

see The World Bank background note, &quot;Poverty in China: what do the number say?&quot; and the World Bank Report -China: Strategies for Reducing Poverty in the 1990s.

See the World Bank, &quot;Poverty in China: what do the numbers say?&quot;

See the World Bank, Poverty Report,

See the World Bank, Strategies,

Since China has still not conducted the PPP surveys necessary for international comparability, PWT has been used to measure poverty.

State Council of the PRC Report on Strengthening Rural Health Work,

Statistical Communique of the State Statistical Bureau of The People's Republic of China

Strategies,

Strategy for Poverty Alleviation in China: 8-7; Five Ones;

Success in early reform: setting the stage,&quot; in The Third Revolution in the Chinese Countryside,

The definition is narrower than one in Human Development Report

The exchange rate used is the same as in previous footnote.

The Impact of Recent Macroeconomic and Sectoral Changes on the Poor and Women in China,&quot;

The rural-urban migration had been strictly controlled from the establishment of the household registration system in the early 1950s, until the mid-1980s, when the commune system collapsed.

The term&quot;participatory growth&quot; is borrowed from Drèze and Sen, they use the term to describe the reason that accounts for the rapid decline of poverty in China in the eighties,

The Urban-Rural Gap and Social Problems in the Countryside,&quot; Chinese Law and Government,

The World Bank calls this the &quot;government's first comprehensive plan to fight poverty.&quot; See The World Bank Annual Report

The World Bank, &quot;Poverty in China,&quot;

The World Bank, &quot;Poverty in China: what do the numbers say?&quot;

The World Bank, The World Bank Atlas

Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming Sector: 1952-1989,&quot;

Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming sector: 1952-1989,&quot; Economic Development &

UNESCO comment received by Human Development Report Office on

Updated Government Information on Poverty Alleviation and Development in China,&quot;

Yifu Lin's article &quot;Success in early reform: setting the stage,&quot; in

Yizhi, China: Ten Years' Reform and the 1989's Movement, p. 20; and Chen Xiwen, Rural Reform: Household Responsibility and Township and Village Enterprises,&quot;

Zhongguo shehui tongji ziliao (Chinese Social Statistical Materials),

Poverty Alleviation in China: Commitment, Policy and Expenditures

http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1997/papers/amei_zhang.pdf

Poverty Alleviation in China: Commitment, Policy and Expenditures

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Research Papers in Economics