Oscar Altimir

English

Research Papers in Economics

8% in 1981, falling later to 9% in

A New Set of International Comparisons of Real Product and Prices: Estimates for 130 countries, 1950-1985&quot;in Review of

According to estimates by DNP, the incidence of poverty in the seven main cities was reduced by more than a quarter, and that of indigence by half, between

According to the latest update in ECLAC's data base (CEPAL, 1996a). In the case of Chile, the official CPI was corrected for underestimation during the period 1971/1978 in accordance with the corrections estimated by Cortázar and Marshall

Adjustment of the income of households for underestimation is done according to the procedure first proposed in Altimir

also set &quot;extreme poverty&quot; lines at half the value of the corresponding poverty thresholds (i.e.: $ 30 PPP dollars of 1985, for international comparability).

And based on Londoño's estimates (Londoño,

Antecedentes estadísticos de la distribución del ingreso.

As indicated by Ravaillon

As measured by Fuchs' criterion of setting the relative poverty line at .5 the median income.

As opposed to the longer-term impact of social policies on the structural conditions in which poverty originates.

As originally advocated by Bardhan

circumstances, the accuracy of any measure becomes uncertain. Official estimates put the incidence of poverty in

Distribución del Ingreso, 3,

ECLAC's estimates for these years are not comparable, since starting in 1993 the sample was enlarged to cover most of the urban population, for which the incidence of poverty is higher than that estimated for the main seven cities.(See Annex Table A.4)

estimated that in 1980 close to 27% of the population lived below the 60 PPP dollars line.

finds that, using survey data corrected for underreporting, poverty rises between

households, when using the 30 PPP dollars yardstick.(See Table A.6)

In the case of Colombia, the lines set in Altimir

In the cases of Chile and Mexico, these are also the thresholds used for the official estimates of poverty by MIDEPLAN and INEGI,

Including CEPAL (1987b) for Argentina, CEPAL (1987a) for Chile, CEPAL

Income Distribution Statistics in Latin America and their Reliability&quot;, Review of Income and Wealth,

It must be noted that distribution statistics do not capture rents from drug trade and from other criminal activities, that are important in the case of Colombia. Their probable regressive effect is increasing with their importance (Londoño,

La dimensión de la pobreza en América Latina&quot;, Cuadernos de

locally, in the sense that the years selected were not of recession. On the other hand, abnormal non-seasonal fluctuations that may have affected the distribution of incomes could anyhow blur the assessment of poverty trends.

Magnitud de la pobreza en ocho países de América Latina en 1986. Análisis, corrección y ajuste de los ingresos investigados en las encuestas.

Our estimate using the 60 PPP dollars poverty line is about 4% of incidence, for

rural development expenditures increased from 5.8% of GDP

shifting poverty lines with growth, the incidence of poverty at the low end of the distribution would have not been reduced in this period.

standards, the incidence of poverty in 1951 would have been as much as 84% using the CEPAL moderate poverty line, 75% using the less generous Altimir line, and even 45% using the 60 PPP dollars of

Table 23). 45 Real per capita social expenditure in

Table A.4. 30 See Pérez, Lasso, Parra and Rivas

That is equivalent (shifted)

the average for the eighties was considerable higher than that of the seventies (Beccaria and Carciofi,

the coefficients for the early fifities would have been: 1.8 or 1.7 in Chile -depending on the elasticity assumed- 1.7 or 1.5

The estimated relations were: .826 for the first decile group, .903 for the second decile, .953 for the third one, and close to one for the fourth and fifth deciles, in all cases with low variances.

The PPPs for private consumption from Summer and Heston

there is no consistent data about the distribution of rural or agricultural incomes.

These were also the lines used in Psacharopoulos

This is not surprising, since the per capita GDP of the four countries draw nearer, when expressed in the purchasing power parities estimated by Summer and Heston

Thus maintaining the relationship established by Altimir

To consider these choices in the framework of the many conceptual issues involved in measuring poverty, see Lipton and Ravaillon

Un analisis a partir de diferentes opciones metoodológicas.

Growth, Poverty in Latin American Countries: Long-term Trends

http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1996/papers/oscar_altimir.pdf

Growth, Poverty in Latin American Countries: Long-term Trends

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