Приводятся экспериментальные данные искоренения инвазивного вида Prunus serotina. На 20 опытных участках были использованы 8 видов гербицидов и их соединений. Обработка Prunus serotina проводилась путем полива, нанесения и опрыскивания гербицидами. Эксперимент показал более эффективное применение нанесени

Molnar, M.

Nemes, V.

Electronic archive of the Ural State Forest Engineering University

 42                                Леса России и хозяйство в них                 № 3 (50), 2014 г.   Literature1. Halasy Gy. Megatrend Kft. marketing stratégiája [= Marketing Strategy of Megatrend LTD.] // Graduation thesis. 1997.2. Lett B. Az erdő- és fafeldolgozó gazdaságok szervezeti viszonyainak fejlődése és korszerűsítése [= Organizational Development and Modernization of the Forestry and Wood Processing Companies] // Doc-toral thesis. 1986.3. Ódor J. Erdőkezelő szervezetek számítógépes információs rendszerének korszerűsítése [= Upgrading of Computer-based Information System for Forest Management Companies] // Doctoral thesis. 1996.УДК 634.24:581.5Viktória Nemes, Miklós Molnár(Виктория Немеш, Миклош Молнар)University of West-Hungary, Institute of Silviculture and Forest ProtectionSopron, HungaryЗападно-Венгерский университет, Институт лесоводства и защиты леса, Шопрон, ВенгрияCONTROL EXPERIMENT AGAINST AN INVASIVEWEED, THE BLACK CHERRY  (PRUNUS SEROTINA)(КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ ПРОТИВ ИНВАЗИВНОГО ВИДА ЧЕРЕМУХА ПОЗДНЯЯ (PRUNUS SEROTINA))Приводятся  экспериментальные данные  искоренения инвазивного вида Prunus serotina. На 20 опытных участках были использованы 8 видов гербицидов и их соединений. Обработка Prunus serotina проводилась путем полива, нанесения и опрыскивания гербицидами. Эксперимент показал более эффективное применение нанесения.IntroductionEurope is characterized by its biological diversity. The non-na-tive plans are aggressively spread-ing more and more and that means threat to the continent.The importation of foreign plants can be conscious (introdu-ced) or unconscious (not introdu-ced). Many non-native plants to-lerance to broad, fast ontogenesis, plenty of harvest and efficient seed dispersal, and it has vegetative reproductive capacity. These featu-res greatly facilitate the successful colonization in new environments and massive proliferations. Allel-ochemicals released by the alien plants are further great benefits to newcomer species of native vege-tation conquest. One of the most dangerous invasive woody plant species in the Hungarian forestry is Prunus serotina. Introduction of the  Prunus serotinaThe official scientific name is Prunus serotina EHRH. Within the Rosaceae family it belongs to the genus Prunus, classified within the Subgenus Padus. Four variety can be separated, var. serotina, var. exi-mia, var. rufula, and var. virens.Comes from the eastern part of North America. Economically sig-nificant within the territory where distributed.The first appearance date from Hungary is 1897. Initially planted as an ornamental tree, but also ex-perimented with economic exploi-tation of the forest in the first half of the 20th century. The Robonia pseudoacacia also from America, is one of Hungary’s most impor-tant economic tree species. Large, unmixed populations are growing in the sandy lowland areas. The Prunus serotina was planted in to the unmixed Robinia pseudoacacia with the aim to create a second level of the canopy. In terms of the Eco-nomic growth they had high hopes, but the Hungarian agricultural areas Электронный архив УГЛТУ № 3 (50), 2014 г.            Леса России и хозяйство в них                                    43showed negative figures due to size and shape characteristics are not fulfilled. In the 1970s onward spre-ad explosively and settled in areas where it was not planted (Fig. 1). Spread is still in progress, and the Robinia pseudoacacia is for the forest regeneration one of the most dangerous weeds.Birds like its fruit, they are very significantly involved in their dis-semination. One problem is that the natural stands of trees and shrubs forming regrowth the fast growing Prunus serotina seedlings suppressed. Foliage, shoots contai-ning highly toxic cyanogen glyco-side, so neither wild nor insects are not eating it. Species behave agg-ressively, soon to bear fruit, cut out the tribes around the shoots quic-kly appear and grow vigorously.The Prunus serotina reducti-on from a highly infected area is a difficult task. The mechanical control can only be effective if the seedlings or saplings of seve-ral years pulled out by the roots and destroyed. Older trees, cutting down trees in itself does not work. The strong sprout more regular training intervention is required. The use of pesticides in sprout for-mation is preventable, but also the shoots may emerge successfully be suppressed.Materials and methods I compared the results of exami-nations against plant weed control. Attempts have been made seed sp-read core tree trunks (injection and lubrication) and into sprouting in forest restoration treatment (spray-ing).The area I investigated was the forestry and wood Ltd. of Nagy-kunság, at a closer part to Üllő, in between 18E and 18H forest ins-tallments. The main characteristics of two adjacent ar similar to each other:• The forest is located in the steppe climate, hydrology excess water impact, independent gene-tic type of soil humic sand, topsoil thickness of medium depth, physi-cal kind of sandy soil, topography and slope of the area is flat.The trunk treatment was in 18E of forest installment. The Tree Holdings: 90 % locust Robi-nia pseudoacacia in 10 % Populus x euramericana cv „I-58/57”. The age of the population is 12 years. The treatments were made on 27. 05. 2012. and on 08. 06. 2102. In the trunk of Prunus seroti-na lubrication individuals, each has been treated with 30 cm stem length. Depending on the diameter of the trunk for each plant protecti-on product is 0.2-0.4 litre was app-lied to the surface. During injecti-on, not all individuals were treated. Specimens with a diameter of less than 5 cm remained untreated. In all plants treated with 3 holes were prepared, a 45 ° slope, the helicaly-ly disposed strain, the diameter at breast height. These holes injected with 1-1 ml of herbicides, veteri-nary public extinguisher. The po-tential leaching, spillage, evapo-ration in order to inhibit the drug can not enter the environment after the introduction of the chemical si-licone adhesive sealant holes were closed.The scion of the treatments was made in 18H forest install-ments . The populus mixed Robinia pseudoacacia tree was produced befor last autumn. The examina-tion was performed during the Figure 1. The Prunus serotina distibution teritorry and occurenceЭлектронный архив УГЛТУ 44                                Леса России и хозяйство в них                 № 3 (50), 2014 г.   forest restoration. The area, were treated with hydraulic knapsack sprayers Prunus serotina freshly sprouted shoots. Treatment date: 20. 05. 2012.The two portions of total forest area, 26 samples of eight different herbicide or herbicide combina-tion used for the injection, lubri-cation and spraying of Prunus se-rotina. The effectiveness were evalua-ted visually. Successfully been considered those treatmens in whi-ch the treated plants withered, and were not shoots developed. Exami-ned during the evaluation of the effects of treatments on Robinia pseudoacacia flocks.Achievements Evaluation of lubrication and injection experiments The core areas of the samp-le treated with lubrication, die-sel Garlan 1: 3 mixture of BFA P code-named combination of the chemical. Areas treated with the combination could successfully defend against the Prunus serotina (Tab. 1 and Tab. 2). After the experiments carried out by injection of Prunus seroti-na, observed powerful destructi-on and minimal germination. The Banvel-Silwet-water and Ban-vel-Medallon-Silwet combina-tions of the effect is so powerful that the nearby Robinia pseudoa-cacia symptoms can cause decay (Fig. 2).Figure 2. One efficient and one non efficient results in the trank treatmentsTable 1Results of lubricational experimentsЭлектронный архив УГЛТУ № 3 (50), 2014 г.            Леса России и хозяйство в них                                    45Table 2Results of injectional experimentsFigure 3. One efficient and one non efficient results in the scion of the treatmentsEvaluation of spraying met-hodsThe majority of the different doses tested treatments effectively destroyed the intensively devel-oping stump shoots. The Medal-lon-Agrol is an effective combina-tion of technology without adding Galigan and Mezzo. Minimum of 5 % and 5 % of the dose formula-tions of experiments have achieved good results in the suppression of sprouts and shoots successfuly-ly prevented the further formation (Tab. 3, Fig. 3).The Prunus serotina infected Robinia pseudoacacia popula-tions protection should be made through combined methods. Pri-or to the final cut to older flocks slaughter strain treatment is sug-gested. The 5 cm at breast height specimens for thinner body lubri-cation, the thicker trees should be treated by injection. This shall be done during the growing season. Upon a successful defense after Электронный архив УГЛТУ 46                                Леса России и хозяйство в них                 № 3 (50), 2014 г.   the final cut there wont any sprout formation.The treatment of individuals recovering from vigorous treat-ment may be left out and the thinner sprouts stock down after the formation of granulation pro-duction-intensive produce. It is Table 3Results of spraying experimentsrecommended to use knapsack sprayers against the proposed treatment shoots. The treatment should be carried out at spring time, as have not yet been very strong leaves, but sufficient leaf surface for capturing the pesticide shoots. Efficient products are presented in the Results section, only recom-mended, which the Robinia pseu-doacacia phytotoxic symptoms do not provoke. To be continued experiments is suggested and con-coction tested at lower doses as well.Электронный архив УГЛТУ

Контрольный эксперимент против инвазивного вида черемуха поздняя (Prunus serotina)

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Контрольный эксперимент против инвазивного вида черемуха поздняя (Prunus serotina)

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