Обосновывается значение экотуризма не только как формы поддержки экосистем, но и как инструмента социально-экономического развития территорий. Экологическое образование в Чехии имеет давние устойчивые традиции. На примере реализации уникального проекта EDEN – Сосредоточие Зеленых знаний в городе Бистршице – автор рассматривает способы участии местных жителей в организации экологического туризма, приводит примеры реализации государственных програм

Bilíková, P.

Fišerová, E.

Electronic archive of the Ural State Forest Engineering University

 10                                Леса России и хозяйство в них                 № 3 (50), 2014 г.   УДК 37.033:379.85(437)Eva Fišerová, Petra Bilíková(Ева Фишерова, Петра Биликова)Mendel University, BrnoУниверситет им. Менделя, Брно, Чешская РеспубликаENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AS A TOOL OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM  IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC(ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК ИСТОЧНИК РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА  В ЧЕШСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ)Обосновывается значение экотуризма не только как формы поддержки экосистем, но и как инстру-мента социально-экономического развития территорий. Экологическое образование в Чехии имеет дав-ние устойчивые традиции. На примере реализации уникального проекта EDEN – Сосредоточие Зеленых знаний в городе Бистршице – автор рассматривает способы участии местных жителей в организации экологического туризма, приводит примеры реализации государственных программ.Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to stan-dard commercial (mass) tourism. Its purpose may be to provide funds for ecological conservation, to di-rectly benefit the economic devel-opment and political empowerment of local communities, to foster re-spect for different cultures and for human rights or educate the traveler (Honey 2008).We can find many definitions of ecotourism, so the definition of ecotourism is not uniform, but usu-ally includes expressions such as: responsible travel, visiting natural areas, economic benefits for lo-cal people, respect for the natural environment and culture, nature protection and it is related to stud-ies or education. It also includes the promotion of recycling, energy conservation and creation of eco-nomic opportunities for local com-munities. Ecotourism gives tourists the opportunity to support local people, enjoy nature and appreci-ate its beauty (Development.upol.cz, 2008).Apart from the fact that ecotour-ism maximally respects for the en-vironment, it also aims to educate visitors in the thematic area of sus-tainable development (Artslexikon.cz, 2013).Environmental education leads to thinking and acting which is consistent with the principle of sustainable development, a sense of responsibility for maintaining the quality of the environment and its individual components and re-spect for life in all its forms (Česko, 1992). Environmental education has in the Czech Republic long tradition. The interest in the conceptual sup-port of environmental education has become much more noticable in the end of nineties.  The basic point was the admission of the ba-sic strategic document providing long therm development of envi-ronmental education in the Czech Republic – The state program of environmental education in the year 2000.The document shortly introduces readers to the issues and defines the necessary terminology. It moves the concept of the educational pro-cess from the plane of ecology as a science of relationships between organisms and the environment to the environmental level, where the points are basic system connections in the context of accelerated anthro-pocentric influence of the natural environment. It sets goals, tools and tasks divided by the target groups (Mzp.cz, 2012).The improvement the environ-ment was one of the highest pri-orities of our government in the process of admission of the Czech Republic into the European Union.The Government was aware that the permanent care of the environ-ment was closely linked with the state of environmental awareness and education of residents and sought to Czech Republic become a full partner meeting the entry re-quirements of the European Union.In the environmental education of the public participate govern-ment institutions in the field of Электронный архив УГЛТУ № 3 (50), 2014 г.            Леса России и хозяйство в них                                    11Environment (MoE (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT), district of-fices, administration NP and PLA) and some other institutions, such as universities, scientific institutes, medical or educational, cultural and educational facilities and more (Mzp.cz, 2000).Bystřicko is part of the Vysočina Region and is comprised of 34 member towns and villages with 20,163 inhabitants. It is located in the north-eastern tip of the Czech Moravian Highlands, known for their exceptional rough beauty, their abundance of rivers, creeks and dams, and unique flora and fauna.The region belongs to the drain-age basin of the Black Sea, and the entire region is drained by the river Svratka with its tributaries. Whilst exploring these rivers by foot or boat, you will find many preserved castle ruins. Further, the dominant water feature of the Bystřicko Region is the Vír dam which has the third-highest dam wall in the Czech Republic reaching a stag-gering 76.5m.It is the perfect destination for an unforgettable holiday, especially for those looking to combine peace-ful rivers and lakes with something more active. Rowing, swimming, fishing and other water-related ac-tivities will ensure good mood and a positive experience from your holiday. The Bystřicko micro-re-gion is unique because of its loca-tion within the Svratecká Uplands natural park which is rich in natural heritage (Ec.europa.eu, 2011). The uniqueness of this area is reflected in the fact that in 2010 won Bystřicko in the competition, which lists the European Com-mission and was awarded EDEN = European Destination of Excel-lence (Kudyznudy.cz, 2013).The project “European Desti-nations of Excellence” (EDEN) launched in 2006 aims at awarding Europe’s hidden gems and help-ing them to uncover their tourist potential. Destinations that EDEN awards are those non-traditional, unique locations which maintained their charm, but which often remain neglected due to the popularity of commercial touristy spots. These are the places where you will not have to worry about beaches being overcrowded, waiting in long lines to enter a museum or finding a table in a restaurant. There are the places where you will able to feel the local traditions, contemplate the serenity and purity of the scenery and enjoy all the sustainable nature and histo-ry that the destinations have to offer (European Commission Enterprise and Industry, 2011). Czech Republic has participated in the project since 2009 and the national coordinator is the agency CzechTourism (Eden-czechtour-ism.cz, 2014).The awarded destinations have not only created new value from locations in decline, the have also re-imagined local heritage, bring-ing it to life for a new generation and providing a catalyst for wid-er local regeneration. The focus on sustainable and quality-based development ensures that local inhabitants are consulted and in-volved in the process, protecting in local history and cultural heritage. And because EDEN destinations are non-traditional and have lower visitor ratings, the award promotes lesser-known attractions, helping to redress the imbalance in tourism flows (European Commission En-terprise and Industry, 2011). Bystřicko fulfilled by the profes-sional jury, the best conditions of competition EDEN. “It is a small, undiscovered location whose at-tendance is below the national av-erage. Destination respects the sus-tainable development of tourism. The representatives of Bystřicko are trying to maintain the current nature in the best possible condi-tion, they are interesting in ecol-ogy, involving local people in the development of area. In addition, here is a well-functioning partner-ship between the city, businesses and water managers and conser-vationists”, says general manager EDEN project in Czech Republic Hana Fojtáchová. (Bystricenp.cz, 2010).After eight years of prepa-ration the town Bystřice NAD Pernštejnem started implementa-tion of a unique project EDEN – Centrum of green knowledge. It is one of two strategic projects of Vysočina region. The project is also unique on the European scale – the closest similar center in the UK (Edencentre.cz, 2012). The long-term project has three partners: the city Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, Higher Voca-tional School, Secondary schools of agro-technical Bystřice nad Pernštejnem and ECEAT (Euro- pean Centre for Ecology and Tourism). The aim is to have the unique center of sustainable tour-ism, knowledge and education create in the European context which will further promote and strengthen the position of the city as a great European destination and Vysočina Region. In March 2006, the three part-ners signed a so-called memo-randum of understanding. It was the first document, in which was the idea of the Centre formulated (Edencentre.cz, 2012). Электронный архив УГЛТУ 12                                Леса России и хозяйство в них                 № 3 (50), 2014 г.   In this document were identi-fied the main branches of centre of green knowledge which are: green tourism, renewable energy, non-food and organic farming. “Other aims of the Centre is to collect and provide training and information about these branches to all interest-ed persons, to motivate the public administration and local authori-ties to implement these perspec-tive methods and technologies into practice, to initiate and develop in these branches the necessary re-search and development tasks and participate in their practical solu-tions and ultimately operate model examples and operational applica-tions in these branches. They expect that this project, exceptionally even in the Europe-an context, will bring for Bystřice at least 50,000 visitors a year and thereby contributes to the pros-perity of the city, its residents and entire region. There will be cre-ated at least 5 new job positions in the Centre. They also expect to significantly improve condi-tions for the practical education of the young generation in our city and the school will strengthen its position in today’s stiff compe-tition.Bystřice n.p. has a unique po-sition in the Czech Republic and Europe in fields of study related to environmental technologies, re-newable energy, friendly tourism. The center will include.Farmyard (now Eden Farm – described below) – will be com-pletely renovated for exhibition of agricultural equipment, dem-onstrations wood and iron, green pharmacy, a wine cellar, samples the manor living, a small brewery and a seminar room. There will be created replica of folk village living with displays of folk crafts – building of a pot-ter, a beekeeper, a mill, a working farm, yard animals and more near the farm. Contrast will be will futuris-tic glass pyramid building full of modern technologies for housing and other interesting exhibits in terms of the technology park will hippotrail and sets of traditional fruit trees of Vysočina will be fol-low, there will be repaired the farm buildings for horse stabling and other large farm animals for the use of the school. Everything will be interactive and it will encourage visitors to the game – “touch, try and participate in’ (Centrum zelených vědomostí, 2006).The Eden Farm – the first part of the project of Centre – was es-tablished in September 2012. It is located – as the whole Centrum of green knowledge – in the old farm-house of agricultural school, which was the small chateau of family Mitrovský. Cattle, pigs, goats and sheep, growing potatoes can be found there and they prepare the other products. There is also the riding stable for public (Eden-farma.cz, 2013).Farm Eden provides animals and plants the best conditions to offer the highest quality of products. You can buy potato salad, side-dish, castle and feed for animals, the menu includes homemade egg (Kudyznudy.cz, 2013).In September 2013, there was held the event called The festival of potatoes. This was an ideal des-tination for families with children, which provided the special en-cryption potato game, kids’ potato playground, horse riding, baking potatoes in the fire, and there were plenty of cruise attractions (Kudyz-nudy.cz, 2013). This event also served as the opening ceremony of the recon-struction of the farm and the Center of green knowledge. This despite the chilly weather awoke the inter-est of many people (Televizevyso-cina.cz, 2013). Literature 1. Bystřicko (the Czech Republic). Ec.europa [online]. 2011 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/eden/themes-destinations/countries/czech-republic/bystricko-region/index_en.htm 2. Bystřicko – eden na Vysočině. Kudyznudy [online]. 2012 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z: http://www.kudyznudy.cz/Aktivity-a-akce/Aktivity/Bystricko-%E2%80%93-eden-na-Vysocine.aspx  3. Bystřicko – Vyhrálo soutěž EDEN – Vyhlášený turistický region 2010. Bystřice nad Pernštejnem [online]. 2010 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z: http://www.bystricenp.cz/bystricko-excelentni-evropska-destin-ace/  4. ČESKO. Zákon č. 17 z roku 1992 o životním prostředí. In: Sbírka zákonů České republiky. 1992 5. Eden-czechtourism [online]. 2014 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://www.eden-czechtourism.cz/Электронный архив УГЛТУ № 3 (50), 2014 г.            Леса России и хозяйство в них                                    13 6. Eden Centre – centrum zelených vědomostí Bystřice n.P. [online]. 2012 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z: http://www.edencentre.cz/  7. Ekoturismus – příležitosti a ohrožení s ohledem na rozvojové země. In: Ekoturismus-příležitosti a ohrožení s ohledem na rozvojové země [online]. 2008 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z:http://www.development.upol.cz/uploads/dokumenty/studium/bp/2008/2008_Augustinova.pdf  8. Ekoturismus (ekotourism). Artslexikon [online]. 2013 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://artslexikon.cz/index.php/Ekoturismus 9. Environmentální vzdělávání, výchova a osvěta. Mzp [online]. 2012 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://www.mzp.cz/cz/evvo10. European Commission Enterprise and Industry. In: EDEN [online]. 2011 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/eden/pdf/what-is-eden/eden_brochure_2011_en.pdf11. EU, European Commission. EDEN [European Destinations of Excellence]: discover Europe’s hidden treasures. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 2010. ISBN 978-927-9162-862. 12. EU, European Commission. EDEN [European Destinations of Excellence]: discover Europe’s hidden treasures: Tourism and regeneration of physical sites. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 2011. ISBN 978-927-9210-259. 13. Farma EDEN. Eden-farma [online]. 2013 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z: http://www.eden-farma.cz 14. Farma Eden Bystřice nad Pernštejnem. Kudyznudy [online]. 2013 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z:http://www.kudyznudy.cz/Aktivity-a-akce/Aktivity/Farma-Eden-Bystrice-nad-Pernstejnem.aspx15. Honey, Martha (2008). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? (Second ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press. p. 33. ISBN 1-59726-125-4 ISBN 978-1597261258.16. Memorandum o porozumění – Centrum zelených vědomostí. 2006. Dostupné z: http://files.eceat.web-node.cz/200000003-9046c91414/centrum_zelenevedomosti.pdf 17. Státní program environmentálního vzdělávání, výchovy a osvěty v České republice. In: Státní pro-gram environmentálního vzdělávání, výchovy a osvěty v České republice [online]. 2000 [cit. 2014-03-20]. Dostupné z: http://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/strategicke_dokumenty_evvo_cr/$FILE/OEV-OVO_SP%20EVVO-20081105.pdf 18. Slavnosti brambor představily bystřickým objekt budoucího Centra zelených vědomostí Televize Vysočina [online]. 2013 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://www.televizevysocina.cz/zpravodajstvi/bystricko/hlavni-zpravy/item/470-slavnosti-brambor-predstavily-bystrickym-objekt-budouciho-centra-zelenych-vedomosti19. V Bystřici nad Pernštejnem se budou konat Slavnosti brambor. Kudyznudy [online]. 2013 [cit. 2014-04-12]. Dostupné z: http://www.kudyznudy.cz/Aktuality/V-Bystrici-nad-Pernstejnem-se-budou-konat-Slavnost.aspxУДК 379.85:910.4(437)Klára Smetanová, Kateřina Bartošová(Клара Сметанова, Катержина Бартошова)Mendel University, BrnoУниверситет им. Менделя, Брно, Чешская РеспубликаPOSSIBILITIES OF ADVENTURE TOURISM IN ECOTOURISM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC(РЕСУРСЫ ПРИКЛЮЧЕНЧЕСКОГО ЭКОТУРИЗМА В ЧЕШСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ) Дается определение приключенческого туризма и его дифференциация по нескольким направлениям, рассматриваются примеры приключенческого туризма, соответствующие нормам и правилам эколо-гического туризма в Чешской республике, и перспективы их развития.Электронный архив УГЛТУ

Экологическое образование как источник развития туризма в Чешской Республике

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Экологическое образование как источник развития туризма в Чешской Республике

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Electronic archive of the Ural State Forest Engineering University