Sources of Error in Chilled and Hot Water Metering at Shared Sites: Differential Pressure Transmitters and Flowmeter Installation

Abstract

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references: p.55Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The Energy Systems Lab at Texas A&M University monitors energy consumption through shared signals in twenty-two campus buildings under a contract with the University. A major part of this monitoring includes measuring chilled and hot water usage. In many of the buildings, the ESL opted to use existing flowmeters and differential pressure transmitters installed by contractors for the University. The purpose of this study is to determine measurement error associated with the differential pressure transmitters and to verify flowmeter installation meets manufacturer specifications. Calibration tests were performed on thirty-one transmitters. The results fell into one of three categories. Category I transmitters performed within an average error of 0.5%. Category 2 transmitters exhibited calibration problems in the form of span and offset errors. Category 3 transmitters showed large errors due to hysteresis or unknown sources. Eleven of forty-four flowmeter installations met manufacturer requirements. The remaining flowmeters were installed too close to piping elements such as elbows and valves. Specific site problems were discovered including non-removable flowmeters, non-working isolation valves, and potentially hazardous transmitter locations. Improper flowmeter installation was determined to be the largest source of measurement error

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