De Paola, Donato

Dzierzak, Róza

Nazar, Krzysztof

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38IP MARTIN SUMMER SCHOOL ON  MARINE TECHNOLOGY INSTRUMENTATION29TH JUNE TO 18TH JULY, UPC, VILANOVA I LA GELTRÚIMPLEMENTATION OF SUNSHINE DURATION SENSORRóza Dzierzak, Krzysztof Nazar, Donato De PaolaAbstractSensors are widely used in many fields of science. The combination of different types of sensors in one system gives us the ability to measure various parameters. Conse-quently,  brightness and temperature sensors enable more complete measurement of the sunshine duration. Due to calibration and voltage measurement, we are able to determine the intervals specifying the degree of brightness during the night and cloudy and sunny days.I.INTRODUCTIONThe development of technology allows its use in more and more areas of sci-ence. An important aspect is the creation of sensors, sensitive to various param-eters. The sensor is a device which provides information about the appearance of a particular stimulus, beyond a certain threshold value, or the value of a physi-cal quantity recorded. Two of the most commonly used sensors are temperature sensors and sensors for measuring the brightness. They are also an integral part of the system for measuring sunshine duration.  The temperature sensor coop-erates with the light sensor to transmit detected sunshine brightness informa-tion of summer high-temperature and  how long the day is. This sensors can provide useful information regarding cloud cover, enabling to draw a number of conclusions about the weather.Sensors:Photoelectric sensor reacts to the change in the intensity reaching beam. It can be used visible light as well as infrared or laser. Depending on which compo-nent is based on the construction of the sensor, other electrical information is changed. If any object is in the optical path between the transmitter and the receiver, a change in light intensity will be detected [4]. This allows us to get information about the cloudy state. To construct a system for measuring the sunshine duration  used NORPS-12, CdS Photocell. Thermocouples are instruments that respond to change of temperature in the thermodynamic forces embedded in them.  The thermocouples are composed of different materials, thermoelectric power arises when the ends of cold weld and are maintained at different temperatures. The sensitivity depends on the strength of thermocouple thermoelectric materials forming a thermocouple [5]. This project used a thermocouple 103AT-11.II. METHOD Firstly, using Ohm’s law set the current value of the system and made the con-version of resistance to voltage drop. Characteristics of the sensor was created from the table of temperature versus resistance. This curve can be fitted by the equation f = a•xb  + c, where a, b and c are constants equal to: a = 701.51,  b = - 0,140 733, c = -166,85, respectively. f and  x are resistivity and temperature. As a result, the input signal that describes the voltage drop across the resistor is converted to a temperature value in Celsius degrees with an accuracy of 0.3 °.Figure 1. NORPS-12, CdS Photocell [1]Figure 2. Size and dimensions in mm of thermocouple 103AT-11 [3]39IP MARTIN SUMMER SCHOOL ON  MARINE TECHNOLOGY INSTRUMENTATION29TH JUNE TO 18TH JULY, UPC, VILANOVA I LA GELTRÚTemperature sensor is measured by the voltage drop across the resistor at the sensor. The sensor is calibrated by voltage drop contained in the datasheet. The sensor used for measuring brightness and temperature are connected in parallel to each other. For processing the received signals used real-time driver my RIO-1900. Measured light sensors is operated by determining the voltage drop across the sensor. When it is dark, the voltage is below 2V. In the case of a cloudy day, voltage varies between 2-3,5V. During a sunny day the voltage is between 3,5-4.5 V.The information about degree of brightness is displayed in the figure. <2V night2V-3,5V cloudy day3,5V>4 sunny dayFigure 3. Characteristic of temperature sensorTable 1. Sensor resistance dependence on temperature Table 2. Voltage ranges that define the degree of brightnessIII. CONCLUSIONS  The sunshine duration sensor will make it easier to automatically measure the presence and duration of sunshine. Such a built-in  system will allow us to de-termine the length of day and night in different seasons of the year  in easier and fairly accurate way . Futhermore a statistical report of cloudy and sunny days would be possible to prepare. Due to temperature sensor we are able to determine the height of its during the measurements.REFERENCESLiterature:1. Lee Yat  Data Sheet, NORPS-12, CdS Photocell  2. Nawrocki Waldemar “Sensory i systemy pomiarowe” Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej, Poznań 20063. Semitec. Ishizuka Electronic Corporation, “Product Catalog” CAT. No.129EInternet sources:4. http://www.asimo.pl/teoria/czujnik-fotoelektryczny.php   July 2014 15.http://www.termoaparatura.com.pl/pl/article/91/Czujniki_termoelektryczne___Termopary   July 2014    

Implementation of sunshine duration sensor

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