Arguinchona, J.

Casla, J.A.

Gómez, M.

Larrabe, J.L.

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T2 chart applied to LNG carrier turbo-generator system control

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INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINTSessions77ESTIMATING BOTTOM PROPERTIES WITH A VECTOR SENSOR ARRAY DURING  MAKAIEX 2005P. Santos, P. Felisberto and S.M. JesusInstitute for Systems and Robotics, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. +351 289 800 949, pjsantos@ualg.ptAbstractNowadays, vector sensors which measure both acoustic pressure and particle velocity begin to be available in underwater acoustic sys-tems, normally confi gured as vector sensor arrays (VSA). Such a sys-tem was used during the Makai 2005 experiment, off  Kauai I., Hawai (USA) to receive precoded  signals in  a broad frequency band from 900 Hz up to 14 kHz.The spatial fi ltering capabilities of the VSA can be used, with advan-tage over traditional pressure only hydrophone arrays, to estimate acoustic fi eld parameters such as ray arrival time and angle, which could give rise to simplest and/or more reliable methods in bottom estimation. An additional motivation for this work was to test the possibility of using high frequency probe signals (say above 2 kHz) as a potential for reducing size and cost of actual sub bottom profi lers and current geo acoustic inversion methods. This work studies the bottom related structure of the VSA acquired signals, regarding the emitted signal waveform, frequency band and source-receiver geometry in order to estimate the bottom properties, specially bottom refl ection coeffi  cient characteristics. The agreement between the observed and modelled acoustic data is addressed. Preliminary results on the bottom refl ection estimation will be also discussed.    T2 CHART APPLIED TO LNG CARRIER TURBO-GENERATOR SYSTEM CONTROLM. Gómez, J. Arguinchona, J.A Casla, J.L. LarrabeDpto. of  Nautical Science and Marine Systems EngineeringHigh Technical School of Nautical and Marine Machines.c/Mª Diaz de Haro, nº 68, 48920 Portugalete, Bizkaia, SpainPhone:034- 94-601-48-44, e-mail:miguel.solaetxe@ehu1. IntroductionIndustrial process control generally involves monitoring a set of cor-related variables. Such correlation confounds the interpretation of univariate procedures run on individual variables.One method of overcoming this problem is to use a Hotelling´s T2 statistic; which is based on the concept of statistical distance.It consolidates the information contained in a multivariate observa-tion to a single value, namely, the statistical distance the observation is from the mean point. Desirable characteristics for a multivariate control chart include ease of application, adequate signal interpreta-tion, fl exibility, sensivity to small process changes, and software solu-tions.In this application we have choosed a turbo-generator system on-board [3] of LNG carrier in which six parameters are monitorized. The input to this system is fuel in form of natural gas that is used to pro-duce steam in the boiler, the 60 Kg/cm2 high –pressure steam is used to turn  the turbine which is engaged to synchronous generator that produces electricity (in megawatts-hour). The warm low-pressure va-pour from the turbine is moved to the vacuum condenser, where is converted into liquid state for pumping to the boiler.A T2 control procedure was developed to monitor effi  ciency by de-tecting signifi cant changes in any of the six monitored variables We  fi rst implemented the Historical Data Set (HDS) where 28 obser-vations were done about the six variables. After, we sampled 16 new incoming values and the T2 statistic was computed for each of one. 2. Results and Discussion It was detected that some observations  in the 16 new incoming group did not conform to the HDS for a upper control limit (UCL) fi xed in 43.91 with  = 0.001 [1]. Those observations there was a T2 value fall-ing outside (T2 >43.91) its control region were namely signals.This implied that conditions have changed from the historical situa-tion, although an isolated signal can be due to a chance occurrence of an  upset conditions multiple signals often imply a defi nite shift in the process.After we needed to interpret the signals on a T2 component using a MYT [2] decomposition and know who of the six parameters have been the responsible of out of control of the process.Finally, it was proved that the variations of pressure and the sea wa-ter temperature in the vacuum condenser leaded to shift the process control. 3. ConclusionsAlthough many diff erent multivariate control procedures exist, it’s our belief that a control procedure built on T2 is the best method for implementing a predictive maintenance management on board.Signal interpretation requires a procedure for isolating the contribu-tion of each variable and/or a particular group of variables. As with univariate control, out of control situations can be attributed to indi-vidual variables being outside their allowable operational range; e.g, main vacuum condenser temperature is too high. A second cause of a multivariate signal may be attributed to a fouled relationship be-tween two or more variables, e.g., the pressure is not where it should be for a given temperature reading.     4. References[1] N.H. Timm, “Multivariate Quality Control Using Finite Intersection Test,”J.Quality Technology, 28, pp.233-243.[2] R.L. Mason, N.D.Tracy, J.C.Young, “Decomposition of T2 for Multivariate Control Chart Interpretation”, J Quality Technology, 27, pp.99-108, 1995. [3] R.L.Mason, J.C Young, “Multivariate Statistical Process Control with Indus-trial Appications”, American Statistical Association, Alexandria, 2002.  M8

T2 chart applied to LNG carrier turbo-generator system control

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