稻米為亞洲人民的傳統主食，全世界有一半的人口皆食用稻米，為世界性的重要糧食。水稻的生產以湛水栽培為主，但有50-80%的灌溉用水會以外向滲流及垂直滲漏的方式離開水田，並不會對稻株的生長發育有實質上的作用。氮素為另一個影響作物生產的因子，在作物生長與產量提升上都扮演重要的角色，而過量的氮素投入會造成環境問題。本論文以節水栽培及慣行湛水栽培為水分處理，並以氮素120 kg ha-1、180 kg ha-1、240 kg ha-1為氮素處理，以台南11號及台稉9號為參試品種，調查其在不同水分及氮素的處理組合下的生長情形、小區產量、氮素利用效率及水分生產力，並進行統計分析。兩年四期作的栽培結果顯示，節水栽培依不同年期可節省約1-29%的灌溉水量，且能維持水稻在各產量構成要素的表現及一定的產量，並提高水分生產力，而氮素利用效率則會隨著氮素施用而下降，故可以推論節水栽培對水稻生產有其正面的影響。Abstract
Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is the world''s most important food crop and a major food grain for more than a third of the world''s population. Irrigated lowland rice production in flooding culture, about 50-80% of the irrigation water will leave paddy rice field by seepage and percolation. Of all outflows of water from a rice field, only transpiration is productive water use as it leads directly to crop growth and yield formation. Nitrogen fertilizer is another determining factor for crop growth and plays a vital role in maintaining rice production. Large amounts of external nitrogen inputs caused serious environmental problems. In this thesis, water-saving culture and flooding culture as water treatment and 120 kg ha-1, 180 kg ha-1, 240 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied. Tainan 11 and Taikeng 9 was tested varieties to investigate the different treatment combinations of water and nitrogen applied on the rice growth conditions including plant height, yield components, yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water productivity. In four cropping season cultivation, water-saving culture depending on the season can save about 1-29% of the irrigation water use, and can maintain the rice yield components in each performance and certain yields and increase water productivity. Nitrogen use efficiency will decline as nitrogen over input. It can be inferred water-saving culture of rice production has its positive impact.章節 頁次
中文摘要.....................................................................................................i
英文摘要...................................................................................................ii
目錄...........................................................................................................iii
表目錄.......................................................................................................iv
圖目錄........................................................................................................v
前言............................................................................................................1
前人研究....................................................................................................3
材料與方法..............................................................................................14
結果..........................................................................................................16
一、不同栽培條件下田間用水量.......................................................16
二、生育期特性及產量調查...............................................................23
二、氮素利用效率與水分生產力.......................................................32
討論..........................................................................................................39
參考文獻..................................................................................................4
