Establishment of vegetation recovery assessment system and rainfall-runoff model in Wu River Basin

Abstract

中文摘要 烏溪流域位於台灣中部,在經歷九二一集集大地震後產生多處崩塌地,在暴雨期間易造成二次災害,本研究利用常態化差異植生指標(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI)量化分析烏溪流域崩塌區位及其植生復育情形,並建置集水區崩塌地植生復育評估系統,作為崩塌地監測之用;另以地理統計推求降雨資料之空間分布配合等集流時間概念修正合理化公式之限制,透過實測流量資料分析推求流域內上、中、下游監測站降雨-逕流歷線之修正值α (洪峰到達時間修正係數)、β (洪峰值修正係數)及退水修正式R,建置集水區降雨-逕流模式。 研究結果顯示九份二山、九九峰崩塌區位於地震後三年之植生復育率有逐年改善之趨勢,九份二山復育率分別為2000年22.9%、2001年37.7%及2002年58.5%,九九峰復育率分別為2000年27.1%、2001年40.3%及2002年52.4%。 由模擬結果可知,集水區降雨-逕流模式之修正係數α與集水區最大降雨強度成負相關,β則與集水區洪峰前累積雨量成正相關;若以不同時期之植生覆蓋狀況予以推估,可得地表逕流量將隨著植生復育改善而降低。 (關鍵詞:常態化差異植生指標、植生復育、崩塌地、降雨-逕流模式)ABSTRACT The 921 Chichi Earthquake resulted in lots of landslides in Wu River basin. Satellite image and digital terrain model were used to process the vegetation index analysis for identifying landslide sites and extracting topographic information in this study area. A system coupled with GIS developed in this research has been effectively used to monitor and/or assess the recovery rate of vegetation for the landslides. Peak flow estimation and hydrograph simulation by the rainfall-runoff model were employed to analyze affecting parameters for flood events. The correction coefficient (α,β) and the revised recession curve (R) calibrated from the observed data can be as the index of watershed characteristics. The correction coefficient α-value represents water conservation capability; the β-value can be employed as the index of sediment concentration in the runoff. Vegetation analysis show that there exists a good trend of vegetation at the landslide sites of Chiufenershan (VRR= 22.9% in 2000, 37.7% in 2001, 58.5% in 2002 respectively) and Ninety-nine peaks(VRR= 27.1% in 2000, 40.3% in 2001, 52.4% in 2002 respectively) areas. Simulations shows that there is a negative correlation between α-value and the maximum rainfall intensity while a positive correlation between β-value and cumulative rainfall before peak flow. Better vegetation recovery rate results in less surface run-off in the watershed according to the model simulation in this study. (keywords: Normalized difference vegetation index, Vegetation recovery, Landslides, Rainfall-runoff model)目 錄 頁次 中文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 圖次……………………………………………………………………Ⅵ 表次……………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 壹、前言…………………………………………………………….1 貳、前人研究……………………………………………………….2 一、遙感探測與SPOT衛星影像之相關應用 ………….…………2 二、常態化差異植生指標………….………………………………5 三、地震誘發之崩塌地特性及其植生復育………….……………7 四、集水區地文資訊…...……….………………………………11 五、降雨-逕流模式..... ……….………………………………13 六、合理化公式….………..………………..………………….17 參、研究材料與方法.…………..……………………………….19 第一節、研究地區概述…………...…………………………….19 一、地理位置與行政區域………………...……………….19 二、地形、坡度與水系……………………...…………….20 三、地質與土壤……………………………...…………….22 四、氣象及水文……………………...…………..……….24 五、歷年災害情形………………...……………………….25 六、集水區概況…………………………...……………….26 第二節、研究流程……………………………...……………….31 第三節、研究材料……………………...……………………….32 一、數值地形資料…………………...…………………….32 二、SPOT衛星影像 …………….…………………………..32 第四節、研究方法 …….……………...………....………….35 一、常態化差異植生指標與植生覆蓋因子分析……….…35 二、崩塌區位判釋 …………………………...………….36 三、植生復育率分析 ………………………...………….36 四、集水區地文及水文分析 ………………...………….37 五、建置降雨-逕流模式……..………………………....39 1.水文資料蒐集 .…………..…………………………39 2.水文資料分析.………….…………………….….…41 3.逕流係數C值之推估 .……….………………………44 4.流量歷線之動態推估………….…. …………….…47 肆、結果與討論 ………………………………………………….48 一、崩塌區位地形 ….………...…………………………….46 二、植生復育率分析 ……………………………………..….50 三、降雨-逕流模擬分析………. ……………….……………53 1.α值分析 ……………............………………….…67 2.β值分析 …………………………………………….…..73 3.退水曲線分析 ……………………………………………79 四、不同時期植生覆蓋因子推估降雨-逕流分析……….…….83 伍、結論與建議………………………………..………………….88 參考文獻…………………………….……………………………..9

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