利用2008年春季在大亚湾西北部海域开展的12个测站的大型底栖动物调查资料,对该海域大型底栖动物的群落特征进行分析。结果表明该海域内大型底栖动物优势种由粗帝汶蛤(TIMOClEA SCAbrA)、波纹巴非蛤(PAPHIA undulATA)、上野蜾蠃蜚(COrOPHIuM uEnOI)、方背鳞虫(lEPIdOnOTuS SQuAMATuS)、刀明樱蛤(MOErEllA CulTEr)和角海蛹(OPHElIA ACuMInATA)等6种组成;可划分为4个群落,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅰ为主体群落,群落Ⅲ和群落Ⅳ分布区较小,群落间差异较大。大型底栖动物数量上以个体较大的软体动物占优,但群落的组成则以多毛类和甲壳类为主,其组成情况基本上反映了群落的特征。群落Ⅰ以多毛类-甲壳类为表征,群落Ⅱ则以甲壳类-多毛类-软体动物为表征。栖息环境的差异,是造成群落间差异的主要原因;群落多样性水平呈群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅳ,沉积环境的污染状况和人为扰动是影响多样性水平的主要因素;群落整体的稳定性较好,未受到明显的扰动,但分布于航道区域和渔业生产作业区的群落Ⅳ和群落Ⅲ,在航道建设、疏浚和渔业生产的影响下,群落受到一定程度的扰动,稳定性较弱。Based on the data collected from 12 research stations in the North-west Daya Bay,South China Sea in spring 2008,the characteristics of macrobenthis community were examined.The results showed that the dominant macrobenthic species were Timoclea scabra,Paphia undulate,Corophium uenoi,Lepidonotus squamatus,Moerella culter and Ophelia acuminate.The macrobenthos community could be divided into four groups with notable differences.Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were the dominant groups,while the distribution areas of Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were relatively small.Overall,molluscs was dominant in quantity in the macrobenthos community but the community was mainly composed of Annelida and Arthropoda,reflecting the characteristics of the community.The dominant macrobenthic species of group Ⅰ were Timoclea scabra,Nephtys oligobranchia,Theora lata,Sigambra hanaokai,Glycinde gurjanvae,Prionospio malmgreni,Timoclea scabra,Turritella bacillum,Corophium tridentium,Phyllodocidae und.,Nectoneanthes alatopalpis,Ericthonius pugnax,Pseudopythina sp.and Stylochus ijimai.Species belonging to this group distributed in the nearshore area of Aotou Harbor and Nanhai Petrochemicals Basement Group Ⅱ assemblage includes Paphia undulata,Timoclea scabra,Corophium uenoi,Prionospio malmgreni,Sigambra hanaokai,Ophelia acuminata,Mediomastus sp.,Nephtys oligobranchia,Moerella culter,Corophium lamellatum,Paraprionospio pinnata and Prionospio pulchra.These species distributed mainly around the Chunzhou Island where suspended long line culture of oyster was common.The discriminating species for Group Ⅰ were S.hanaokai,N.soligobranchia,P.malmgreni,N.alatopalpis and E.pugnax while group Ⅱ were C.uenoi,P.malmgreni,S.hanaokai,N.oligobranchia,T.scabra,M.sp.,Phyllodocidae und.,P.pinnata,O.acuminata,C.lamellatum,M.culter and Chaetozone sp.Group Ⅲ assemblage were mainly found in the west side of Mabianzhou,where it was a fishing ground for Arthropoda in Daya Bay.Group Ⅳ was distributed in area where main shipping routes passed through,in the east side of area of Group Ⅱ and in between the area of Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ.For each community group,while group Ⅱ Group Ⅰ was dominated by Annelida and Arthropoda while Group Ⅱ was dominated by arthropoda,annelida and mollusca;such difference is mainly because of the difference in habitat conditions.Diversity of macrobentho community was highest in Group Ⅲ,followed by Group Ⅱ,Group Ⅰ and then Group Ⅳ.Poor habitat condition caused by pollution,sedimentation and other human disturbances were the main reasons for the differences in diversity between groups.In general,macrobenthos community in the North-west Daya Bay of South China Sea was stable in spring.However,community structure of Groups Ⅳ and Ⅲ,which distributed in the main navigation route and fishing grounds,were less stable;suggesting the disturbances from maintenance of navigation channel and fishing activities might have reduced community stability.中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(2007ZD08;2007TS08;2010YD10
