美国高等教育有着悠久的慈善传统,各类基金会是教育捐赠的主要力量之一。然而,这些基金会并非都是无偏无倚的,他们有着明确的思想倾向和资助策略,尤其是保守主义的基金会,大多数都是为其母公司和某种极其类似的意识形态服务的公共关系机构。他们通过雄厚的财力和周密的计划,整合不同的社会趋向,重塑和改造常识观念,影响公共政策选择,从而强力影响到与教育相关联的各项政策和各项改革。保守主义的基金会通过明确的资助战略,在大学里培养和酝酿保守主义价值观念和行动能力,推动美国教育政策趋向保守,他们的主要活动包括:资助思想学术机构,掌控公共政策话语权;资助高校基层组织,发展保守主义势力网络;资助高校学术项目,把持知识体系的意识倾向性;资助学者培训计划,培养保守主义领导力量;资助高校在读学生,吸纳保守主义新生力量。There is an age-old tradition of donation in American higher education and the foundations are the main educational donators.However,the foundations are not without bias.They usually have their ideological orientation and funding strategies.This is true especially with American conservatism foundations,which are mostly institutions of public relations serving their parent companies and similar ideology.With great financial resources and careful planning,they integrate different social trends,reshape and reform public opinions,and influence the choice of public policies,thus exerting great influence on educational policies and reforms.In order to make American educational policies conservative,the conservatism foundations try to cultivate conservative values and ability to take action through their definite funding strategies.They fund ideological and academic institutions so as to control the public policy discourse;grassroots organizations to develop a network of conservative power;academic projects to dominate the ideological tendency of the knowledge system;scholar-training programs to nurture conservative leadership;and college students to take in new conservative forces.全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题(DOA130362); 福建省社会科学规划青年项目(2011C039); 福建省教育厅人文社科研究项目(JA11005S
