我国城乡居民收入差距问题早已存在。尤其是改革开放以来，随着经济体制改革的深入，我国城乡居民收入快速增长，但差距逐渐拉大，这一问题更加引起了人们越来越多的关注。尤其是近几年城乡居民收入差距的持续扩大不仅制约农村经济发展，而且制约整个国民经济增长。这种非正常的状况会对我国的社会稳定和经济发展产生消极的影响。对于正在向现代化转型的中国来说，城乡居民收入差距的扩大单纯从经济发展方面解释是不够的，它应该是经济发展过程中自然的、人为的、体制的等多方面的因素共同作用的结果。本文通过描述城乡收入差距的现状，分析城乡居民收入差距产生的原因及其影响，探索缩小城乡居民收入差距的对策和途径，对于实现我国经济持续快速健...China's income gap between residents of urban and rural Areas always exists. Especially along with the deepening of economic reform, residents of urban and rural areas have a rapid growth in incomes since reform and opening up, but the gap is gradually widening. More and more people pay attention on this issue. The continued widen income gap between residents of urban and rural areas is not only r...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院经济研究所_产业经济学学号：2005130269

陈丽华

Xiamen University Institutional Repository

学校编号：10384                       分类号         密级         学号：20051302698                                        UDC              硕  士  学  位  论  文  改革开放以来我国城乡收入差距问题研究 A Study about the Issue of China’s Urban and Rural Income Gap since Reform and Opening Up  陈 丽 华  指导教师姓名:  徐  华  教  授 专 业 名 称： 产 业 经 济 学 论文提交日期： 2 0 0 8 年 6 月 论文答辩时间： 2 0 0 8 年   月 学位授予日期： 2 0 0 8 年   月                                     答辩委员会主席：_________                                    评    阅    人：_________ 2008 年 7 月  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 厦门大学学位论文原创性声明   兹呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果。本人在论文写作中参考的其他个人或集体的研究成果，均在文中以明确方式标明。本人依法享有和承担由此论文产生的权利和责任。                         声明人（签名）： 年    月    日  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学学位论文著作权使用声明  本人完全了解厦门大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。厦门大学有权保留并向国家主管部门或其指定机构送交论文的纸质版和电子版，有权将学位论文用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文进入学校图书馆被查阅，有权将学位论文的内容编入有关数据库进行检索，有权将学位论文的标题和摘要汇编出版。保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。 本学位论文属于   1、保密（  ），在   年解密后适用本授权书。   2、不保密（  ） （请在以上相应括号内打“√”）   作者签名：      日期：  年 月 日 导师签名：      日期：  年 月 日 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库摘   要 我国城乡居民收入差距问题早已存在。尤其是改革开放以来，随着经济体制改革的深入，我国城乡居民收入快速增长，但差距逐渐拉大，这一问题更加引起了人们越来越多的关注。尤其是近几年城乡居民收入差距的持续扩大不仅制约农村经济发展，而且制约整个国民经济增长。这种非正常的状况会对我国的社会稳定和经济发展产生消极的影响。对于正在向现代化转型的中国来说，城乡居民收入差距的扩大单纯从经济发展方面解释是不够的，它应该是经济发展过程中自然的、人为的、体制的等多方面的因素共同作用的结果。本文通过描述城乡收入差距的现状，分析城乡居民收入差距产生的原因及其影响，探索缩小城乡居民收入差距的对策和途径，对于实现我国经济持续快速健康稳定发展，不断提高人民生活水平和生活质量，具有现实意义。 本文在总结了国内外对于城乡居民收入差距的理论和研究综述的基础上，通过描述改革开放以来，我国城乡居民收入差距的现状和特点后，按照世界性的经验数据，即很少有国家的城乡收入及其增幅之比大于 1.5：1，这个判断标准，得出了近几年来，我国城乡收入差距持续扩大，并且与国际上其它国家相比，我国的城乡居民收入差距偏大。接着，把造成我国城乡收入差距的影响因素分为两个部分，即自然因素造成的差距和非自然的人为的因素造成的差距。从定性的角度分析造成城乡收入差距的原因后，运用实证的分析方法对其中五个影响因素进行回归分析，得出了城乡二元结构对城乡收入差距的贡献度 大。并以此为依据，提出了缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策建议。  关键词：收入差距；城乡收入差距        厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Abstract China's income gap between residents of urban and rural Areas always exists. Especially along with the deepening of economic reform, residents of urban and rural areas have a rapid growth in incomes since reform and opening up, but the gap is gradually widening. More and more people pay attention on this issue. The continued widen income gap between residents of urban and rural areas is not only restricting the development of rural economy, but also the national economic growth especially in recent years. This no normal conditions will have a negative impact on China's social stability and economic development. To modernizing China, the construction to income gap between residents of urban and rural should expand from purely economic development to other factors including the natural course of economic development, human, institutional. In order to explore the countermeasures to narrow the income gap， This paper describes the status of income gap between urban and rural areas, then analyze the causes and effects of the gap. These works have meaningful and practical significance for China’ economic to sustain rapid, healthy and stable development, and for people to constantly improve living standards and the quality of life.      After review the theory of the income gap between residents of urban and rural home and abroad. This paper draw a conclusion that China's income gap between residents of urban and rural is continued to widen, and In accordance with international experience data, that few countries’ ratio is larger than 1.5:1，the gap of china is partial Larger then other countries in the world. Then, this paper divided the cause of gap into two parts: the natural factors and unnatural factors cause by human. After from the perspective of qualitative analysis of the reasons the income gap between urban and rural areas, this paper use five factors for empirical analysis. it shows that the dual urban-rural income gap between urban and rural structure the largest factor of the gap. On this basis, this paper suggests some policy recommendations to narrow the income gap between residents of urban and rural.     Key words：the income gap；urban-rural income gap  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库目   录 第 1 章 导论 ................................................. 1 1.1 本文研究背景 ................................................... 1 1.2 本文研究意义 ................................................... 2 1.3 研究方法和结构框架 ............................................. 3 1.3.1 研究方法................................................... 3 1.3.2 结构框架................................................... 3 1.4 本文创新与不足之处 ............................................. 4 第 2 章 城乡居民收入差距问题的相关概述........................ 5 2.1 收入差距的相关概念 ............................................. 5 2.1.1 收入....................................................... 5 2.1.2 收入差距................................................... 5 2.1.3 城乡收入差距............................................... 6 2.2 本文衡量城乡居民收入差距所应用到的指标 ......................... 6 2.3 国外相关理论和实证研究概述 ..................................... 7 2.4 国内城乡收入差距的研究综述 .................................... 11 2.4.1 对城乡居民收入差距现状的分析.............................. 11 2.4.2 对城乡居民收入差距是否合理化的“度”的把握................ 12 2.4.3 城乡居民收入差距产生的主要原因............................ 12 2.4.4 缩小城乡收入差距的对策建议................................ 14 2.4.5 对当前国内研究现状的评价.................................. 14 第 3 章 我国城乡居民收入差距的现状分析....................... 16 3.1 我国城乡居民收入差距的现状 .................................... 16 3.1.1 城乡居民收入差距变动的六个阶段............................ 17 3.1.2 城乡居民消费差距现状...................................... 21 3.2 我国城乡收入差距的特点 ........................................ 24 3.2.1 城乡居民收入差距表现出明显的地域特征...................... 25 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 3.2.2 城乡居民收入跨空间错位、时间错位.......................... 25 3.3 对当前我国城乡收入差距“度”的判断 ............................ 26 3.4 城乡收入差距持续拉大的负面效应 ................................ 27 3.4.1 不利于政治稳定和社会安定.................................. 28 3.4.2 造成消费需求不足，不利于经济发展.......................... 29 3.4.3 不利于产业结构的调整...................................... 29 3.4.4 不利于人力资本积累........................................ 31 第 4 章 影响我国城乡居民收入差距的因素分析................... 33 4.1 城乡收入差距的原因分析 ........................................ 33 4.1.1 工业化和城乡收入差距...................................... 33 4.1.2 农业生产要素禀赋落后与城乡收入差距........................ 35 4.1.3 城乡二元经济结构与城乡收入差距............................ 37 4.1.4 城市偏向的政策制度与城乡收入差距.......................... 38 4.1.5 外商投资的地域性和城乡收入差距............................ 40 4.2 影响因素的实证分析 ............................................ 40 4.2.1 选择变量指标.............................................. 40 4.2.2 实证模型.................................................. 42 4.2.3 因素分析.................................................. 44 第 5 章 缩小城乡收入差距的政策建议........................... 46 5.1 废除城乡户籍制度，建立统一的劳动力市场 ........................ 46 5.2 加快我国城市化的进程 .......................................... 47 5.3 加大对农业、农村的政策支持力度 ................................ 48 5.4 增加农村基础教育投资，实行免费义务教育制度 .................... 49 5.5 加快农村土地制度改革 .......................................... 50 5.6 建立和完善农村的社会保障体系 .................................. 51 参考文献 ................................................... 52 致    谢 ................................................... 55  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 Contents 1 Introduction...................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of this paper.........................................................................................1 1.2 Significance of this paper .........................................................................................2 1.3 Research methods and structural framework........................................................3 1.3.1 Research Methods..............................................................................................3 1.3.2 Framework of this paper ....................................................................................3 1.4 The innovation and inadequacies of this article.....................................................4 2 The relevant issues outlined of the income gap between residents of urban and rural areas ................................................................................5 2.1 The related concepts of the income gap ..................................................................5 2.1.1 Income................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Income gap.........................................................................................................5 2.1.3 urban-rural income gap ......................................................................................6 2.2 Applied to the measure of the income gap between residents of urban and     rural in this paper .....................................................................................................6 2.3 Abroad relevant theoretical and empirical research outlined..............................7 2.4 The income gap between urban and rural domestic Review ..............................11 2.4.1 of the income gap between urban and rural residents of the status quo ..........11 2.4.2 of the income gap between urban and rural residents is the rationalization of the “degree”of the grasp ...........................................................................12 2.4.3 the income gap between urban and rural residents of the main reasons..........12   2.4.4 narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas of policy proposals  ..........................................................................................................................14 2.4.5 domestic research on the current status of evaluation .....................................14 3 China's income gap between urban and rural residents of the status  quo ...............................................................................................................16  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 3.1 The income gap between urban and rural residents in China the status quo .......................................................................................................................................16  3.1.1 the income gap between urban and rural residents of the six stages of change  ..........................................................................................................................17  3.1.2 consumption gap between urban and rural residents, the status quo ...............21 3.2 China's urban and rural income gap between the characteristics of.................24 3.2.1 the income gap between urban and rural residents show the obvious geographical characteristics .............................................................................25 3.2.2-income urban and rural residents the wrong space, the wrong time................25 3.3 pairs of China's current urban-rural income gap between the "degree" of     Judgement................................................................................................................26  3.4 the negative effects of urban-rural income gap continued to widen ..................27  3.4.1 not conducive to political and social stability..................................................28  3.4.2 consumption caused by insufficient demand, not conducive to economic  development ...................................................................................................29 3.4.3 not conducive to the adjustment of industrial structure .................................29 3.4.4 not conducive to human capital accumulation.................................................31 4 China's impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents of the factors....................................................................................................33  4.1 The income gap between urban and rural areas for analysis.............................33 4.1.1 Industrialization and urban-rural income gap ..................................................33  4.1.2 Backward agricultural production factor endowments and the income gap       between urban and rural areas....................................................................... 35 4.1.3 The urban-rural dual economic structure and the urban-rural income gap......37 .............................................................................................................................. 4.1.4 Urban bias policies and systems and urban-rural income gap....................... 38 4.1.5 Foreign investment in regional and urban-rural income gap ...........................40 4.2 Empirical models ....................................................................................................40  4.2.1 Select variable indicators .................................................................................40  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 4.2.2 Build models and empirical analysis ...............................................................42  4.2.3 Analysis............................................................................................................44 5 narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas of policy recommendations .......................................................................................46 5.1 repeal of urban and rural household registration system, establish a unified    labor market ..............................................................................................................46  5.2 speed up the process of urbanization in China .................................................. 47 5.3 increase agriculture, rural areas of policy support for the ............................... 48 5.4 increase investment in rural basic education, the introduction of free     compulsory education system .............................................................................. 49 5.5 speed up rural land system reform........................................................................50  5.6 establish and improve rural social security system .............................................51 References .......................................................................................................52 Thanks.............................................................................................................55                  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submitrequests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to etd@xmu.edu.cn for delivery details.厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

A Study about the Issue of China’s Urban and Rural Income Gap since Reform and Opening up

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A Study about the Issue of China’s Urban and Rural Income Gap since Reform and Opening up

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