Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies.  Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

de Grange, Louis

Muñoz, Juan Carlos

English

Sydney eScholarship

Transantiago: On the Development of Public Transit in Large CitiesJuan Carlos MuñozPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileLouis de GrangeUniversidad Diego PortalesThredbo 11, Delft, NetherlandsSeptember 22st, 20092What is Transantiago?• A major transit modernization effort as no other worldwide city has suffered.– New firms– New buses– Bus control system– Integration among services (fares, services, etc)• For many: “The worst public policy ever implemented in Chile”– New services– New fare– Touchless payment card3The bus system before Transantiago• Did not work as a network• Excessive on-street competition– Drivers paid per passenger– Average size of a firm: two buses.• High operational costs– High fares for the quality of service offered• Severe externalities: accidents, pollution, congestion• Drivers frequently assaulted• Student discrimination• Poor night servicesPeople in Santiago rated bus service very badlyBuses: worst service in Santiago5And even more …Goals of TransantiagoGoals of TransantiagoTransantiago’s first goal was to modernize the transit system in Santiago: Keep (and increase) its modal split. Improve quality of service. Offer a economically, socially and environmentally sustainable system.Transantiago an integrated systemHow would these goals be achieved?• Bus services respond to a trunk and feeder system sing Metro as a main trunk operator• Only corporate operators are allowed. Bus services are grouped into 15 units.  • Better work conditions for drivers.• No passenger discrimination• Integration among services: routes, fares,   infrastructure.• Distance travelled and necessary fleet are reduced considerably• Intensive use of Metro• Gradual inclusion of new buses: some articulated, smoother drive, disabled friendly, etc.Centro de Información y Gestión(CIG)AdministraciónFinanciera delSistema (AFT)Servicios de busesInfraestructura MetroHow would these goals be achieved?• Considers a smart and contactless payment card– Allowing fare integration and eliminating cash from buses• Reaches the environmental goals (new buses, fewer kilometers traveled, filters, Diesel 50 ppm)• Considers a user information system and a centralized headway control system• Considers segregated bus corridors and modern bus stops• Cost savings would allow keeping the fares stable.Traveling in Transantiago12Trunk servicesThe trunk network is grouped into 5 firms. Trunk buses are colored white and green.Metro is a sixth trunk operatorTransition14• Within a year, components were to be incorporated gradually– Operators– Buses– Infrastructure– Smart card – Card charging network– Headway control system• Finally, integrated fares and new services; simultaneously in the whole city.Transition designed between systemsImplementation of Transantiago(January 10th, 2007)16• Infrastructure was not built.– Almost no exclusive bus lanes– No  bus stops with pre-paid zones• Information was very poorly provided• Firms were not ready to start• GPS-based control system was not ready• Card validating devices were not  trusted• A nervous authority guaranteed the income, fixed the fare and extended trip lengthsIncomplete system17• Not enough buses, and additionally operators lacked all incentives to operate…• Operating buses bunched consistently, losing reliability• Metro collapsed• Lack of services in some areas• A financial deficit started to growIncomplete systemDramatic evidenceRecommendations by an expert panel (January 2008)25– Juan Enrique Coeymans (P. Universidad Católica de Chile)– Pablo Allard (P. Universidad Católica de Chile)– Leonardo Basso (Universidad de Chile)– Ana Luisa Covarrubias (Libertad y Desarrollo)– Joaquín de Cea (P. Universidad Católica de Chile)– Louis de Grange (Universidad Diego Portales)– Juan Enrique Doñas (consultant)– José Enrique Fernández (P. Universidad Católica de Chile)– Rodrigo Fernández (Universidad de los Andes)– Gloria Hutt (Steer Davies Gleave)– Marcela Munizaga (Universidad de Chile)– Juan Carlos Muñoz (P. Universidad Católica de Chile)Panel26• Road congestion pricing.• Subsidies justified on grounds of efficiency (carefully designed to avoid creating perverse incentives).• Eliminate surface parking in congested areas & periods• Ensure marginal social productivity in transit infrastructure investment. • Provide dedicated bus infrastructure.• Eliminate other distortions in the transportation system (specific fuel taxes and vehicle registration).• Implement a mechanism for trading pollution permitsRecommendations: General 27• Flexible contracts for operators ensuring adequate coverage, wait times and vehicle occupancy rates. • The authority defines a set of reference routes and minimum service levels and the operator proposes definitive routes, frequencies and types of vehicle.• Maximum headways and overlaps between bus and metro services.• Authority ensures service levels throughout the city. • Payment based on demand and service quality. • Offer users a degree of choice in order to improve coverage and guarantee service in any eventuality. Recommendations: Regulation & Competition I28• Define indicators for conducting regular measurement of service quality that affect operators revenues.• Allow operators to offer a range of services and vehicle types in response to different operating conditions (express, regular or other service patterns).• Allow operators to introduce incentives for drivers as long as they apply to the service as a whole rather than individual drivers or vehicles.• Develop a plan involving all operators to minimize fare evasion (use technology and authorize fines).• Eliminate barriers to entry resulting from ownership of bus terminals. Recommendations: Regulation & Competition II29• Define optimal fares and subsidies simultaneously.• Carefully avoid perverse incentives when subsidizing• Consider different fare structures: distance-based, dependent on time of day, weekly or monthly passes.• Student subsidies should be dealt separately.• Infrastructure construction and maintenance should be financed separately.• New Metro projects must show social benefits when compared with segregated bus corridors.• Designate transit (metro and bus) as an essential service that cannot be interrupted for labour conflicts.Recommendations: Financing30• Provide transit with high average speeds (> 20 kms/hr). • Improve accessibility to stops and stations, access to buses (wait, board).• Enforce the banning of non-transit traffic from exclusive bus lanes (or streets) using fixed and mobile cameras.• Educate motorists on the importance of cooperating.• Control service regularity• Continuously adjust, update and modify service networks. Avoid transfers as possible. Recommendations: Operations andInfrastructure31• Provide a significant proportion of express services: either skipping selected stops or joining two very distant points through the fastest route (using urban freeways).• Provide scheduled services during very low demand periods, eventually using low occupancy vehicles. • Provide high quality transfers (fast, comfortable, safe and well informed).• Implement a broad user information program. • Conduct statistical analyses, compare and contrast data trends, carry out data matching and detect key elements to determine problems to be addressed. • The use of bus terminals should be more flexible. Recommendations: Operations andInfrastructureImprovements since February 10, 2007Metro   network  100 kmsTransantiago bus corridors        92.1 kms.Infraestructure148 operating provisional prepaid bus stopsInfraestructureServices:    222                   326                +47%Buses:        5.613               6.094                + 8%Km driven:       39 MM Km/mes   50 MM Km/mesOperation Headway regularity has improvedMore buses running the systemBuses Totales Circulando (con GPS), Días laborales desde 03/07/07 al 31/12/075.8164.4004.6004.8005.0005.2005.4005.6005.8000 3 / 0 7 / 0 70 6 / 0 7 / 0 70 9 / 0 7 / 0 71 2 / 0 7 / 0 71 5 / 0 7 / 0 71 8 / 0 7 / 0 72 1 / 0 7 / 0 72 4 / 0 7 / 0 72 7 / 0 7 / 0 73 0 / 0 7 / 0 70 2 / 0 8 / 0 70 5 / 0 8 / 0 70 8 / 0 8 / 0 71 1 / 0 8 / 0 71 4 / 0 8 / 0 71 7 / 0 8 / 0 72 0 / 0 8 / 0 72 3 / 0 8 / 0 72 6 / 0 8 / 0 72 9 / 0 8 / 0 70 1 / 0 9 / 0 70 4 / 0 9 / 0 70 7 / 0 9 / 0 71 0 / 0 9 / 0 71 3 / 0 9 / 0 71 6 / 0 9 / 0 71 9 / 0 9 / 0 72 2 / 0 9 / 0 72 5 / 0 9 / 0 72 8 / 0 9 / 0 70 1 / 1 0 / 0 70 4 / 1 0 / 0 70 7 / 1 0 / 0 71 0 / 1 0 / 0 71 3 / 1 0 / 0 71 6 / 1 0 / 0 71 9 / 1 0 / 0 72 2 / 1 0 / 0 72 5 / 1 0 / 0 72 8 / 1 0 / 0 73 1 / 1 0 / 0 70 3 / 1 1 / 0 70 6 / 1 1 / 0 70 9 / 1 1 / 0 71 2 / 1 1 / 0 71 5 / 1 1 / 0 71 8 / 1 1 / 0 72 1 / 1 1 / 0 72 4 / 1 1 / 0 72 7 / 1 1 / 0 73 0 / 1 1 / 0 70 3 / 1 2 / 0 70 6 / 1 2 / 0 70 9 / 1 2 / 0 71 2 / 1 2 / 0 71 5 / 1 2 / 0 71 8 / 1 2 / 0 72 1 / 1 2 / 0 72 4 / 1 2 / 0 72 7 / 1 2 / 0 73 0 / 1 2 / 0 7February 2007 February 2009Services:Trunk 89 141Feeder 133 185Total 222 326Super express services 0 14Roofed bus stops 3,013 7,556Pre paid bus stops 0 155Operating buses 4,000 5,850OperationFebruary 2007 February 2009Average waiting per trip (adding all trip legs)11.9 minutes 5.6 minutesAverage trip time 57.3 minutes 43.5 minutesPassengers waiting more than 10 mins17.4% 6.8%Passengers waiting more than 20 mins4.4% 0.7%OperationSame place, same day, same hour, two years laterSource: El MercurioEscuela Militar, Las Condes08:30 am10/02/07Escuela Militar, Las Condes08:30 am10/02/095 de abril con Pajaritos, Maipú06:20 am10/02/075 de abril con Pajaritos, Maipú06:20 am10/02/09Same place, same day, same hour, two years laterSource: El MercurioMonthly trip legs60.000.00070.000.00080.000.00090.000.000100.000.000110.000.000120.000.000JunioJulioAgostoSeptiembreOctubreNoviembreDiciembreEneroFebreroMarzoAbrilJunio 08 - abril 09 Junio 07 - abril 08Monthly deficitEvolución deficit del sistema.-  10.000,00 20.000,00 30.000,00 40.000,00 50.000,00 60.000,00 70.000,00 80.000,00 jun-08jul-08ago-08sep-08oct-08nov-08dic-08ene-09feb-09mar-09abr-09Average monthly deficit of MM US$ 40 for the whole system (i.e. Buses, Metro, Metro infrastructure, etc.)Transantiago approval ratesSatisfaction level with Metro’s Quality of Service Perception of Metro’s ImageTransantiago: On the Development of Public Transit in Large CitiesJuan Carlos MuñozPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileLouis de GrangeUniversidad Diego PortalesThredbo 11, Delft, NetherlandsSeptember 22st, 2009

Transantiago: On the Development of Public Transit in Large Cities

https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/5916/1/P6-02-x01-Munoz-Transantiago-ppt.pdf

Transantiago: On the Development of Public Transit in Large Cities

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Sydney eScholarship