Wireless control of microcontroller system for DC electrical motors

Abstract

V diplomskem delu je predstavljen sistem za brezžično komunikacijo pogonskih sklopov, upravljan z mikrokrmilnikom. Opisani sta celotna zgodovina razvoja sistema in razširitev opravil, ki jih sistem upravlja. Razlog za razvoj takega sistema je bila nefleksibilna izbira med že narejenimi enostavnimi sistemi PLC ter cena za namenske, prilagojene sisteme po meri. V delu je opisana izdelava tiskanega vezja in programa za pripadajoči mikrokrmilnik ter brezžična povezava oddajnega daljinskega upravljalnika s sprejemnim modulom na plošči. Brezžična komunikacija med oddajnikom in sprejemnikom na tiskani plošči poteka na radio FM frekvenci 433 MHz, in sicer na 8 kanalih. Mikrokrmilnik, ki upravlja celoten sistem, je AVR ATMega32, ki vsebuje 32 programirljivih vhodov ali izhodov, 8 posameznih pretvornikov ADC ter dva časovnika. Vsa pomembna stanja in vhodi se prikazujejo na 4X20-vrstičnem zaslonu LCD za lažjo diagnostiko programa. Program za mikrokrmilnik je napisan v programu Bascom AVR podjetja MCS Electronics, ki vsebuje prevajalnik BASIC za družine mikrokrmilnikov AVR. Močnostni del je sestavljen iz relejskih izhodov, s katerimi lahko krmilimo naprave s tokovno omejitvijo do 8 A. Dva sklopa po dva releja sta tudi med seboj povezana z mehansko zaščito pred istočasnim vklopom, kar pride v poštev pri motorskih pogonih z vrtenjem v obe smeri. Vhodni močnostni del je v celoti vezan prek optosklopnikov, kar dodatno zaščiti mikrokrmilnik pred uničenjem s strani vhodnih senzorjev, stikal ali drugih elementov.This thesis presents a system for wireless communication powertrains, managed by a microcontroller. It describes complete history of system development and extension of the tasks which the system operates. The reason for developing such a system was inflexible choice between already-made simple PLC systems and the price for adapted, customized systems. The thesis describes the production of printed circuit board, the program for the corresponding microcontroller and a wireless connection to transmit remote control receiver module on the panel. Wireless communication between the transmitter and receiver on a PCB is carried out on the FM radio frequency of 433 MHz and on 8 channels. The microcontroller, which manages the entire system is AVR ATMEGA32 and contains 32 programmable inputs or outputs, 8 individual ADC converters and two timers. All significant statuses and inputs are shown on the 4x20 line LCD display for easy program diagnostics. The program for the microcontroller is written in Bascom AVR of the company MCS Electronics, which contains a BASIC compiler for AVR family of microcontrollers. The power section consists of relay outputs, which can control devices with a current limitation of 8 A. Two sets of two relays are also connected to each other by a mechanical protection against the simultaneous switching, which comes into play when the motor rotation is in both directions. The input power section is entirely bonded via optocoupler, which will further protect the microcontroller against destruction by the input sensors, switches and other elements

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