Fakulteta za sociologijo, politične vede in novinarstvo Univerze Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani
Abstract
Emotions are very important for the functioning of military organization, although it has to set the expression of emotions and management with them. There are two groups of emotions that lay down the interaction in the military: entropic and stimulating. Entropic emotions are caused by the possibility to loose the life in war and by the possibility of killing other people. If not managed properly, these emotions would lead to psychological stress and posttraumatic stress disorder. Military organization has to ritualise the expression of emotions from both groups in order to lower the disorder, panic and psychological causalities. The stimulating emotions are developed to reach the unit cohesion, the readiness for training, and will to fight. The institutional emotions are the most desired in the military, but insome specific situations the impulsive emotions are acceptable, for example in heroic acts, which serve afterwards as a group ideal. Modern military organizations are facing the loss of traditional, institutional characteristics, and the entrance of post-modern values, as individualization of behaviour and free, more impulsive expression of emotions. The rituals to express the emotions are consequently more lax, modest, even absurd. The commanders are supposed to work with emotions in order to motivate soldiers.Vojaška organizacija deluje s pomočjo čustev, vendar mora njihovo izražanje natančno določiti, upravljanje z njimi pa močno institucionalizirati. Zaradi možnosti izgube življenja v vojni ter zaradi verjetnosti, da bo treba ubijati nasprotnike, se pri vojakih pojavljajo entropična čustva, ki vodijo v psihične zlome in posttravmatske stresne sindrome. Za omilitev ali preprečitev teh pojavov je potrebno izražanje čustev ritualizirati. Za doseganje kolektivne kohezije in pripravljenosti za urjenje ter sodelovanje v vojni je potrebno razviti in negovati spodbudna čustva, upravljati z njimi ter jih usmerjati v zastavljene cilje. Obstajajo situacije, v katerih so v vojski poleg institucionalnih čustev zaželena tudi impulzivna čustva, posebej ob herojskih dejanjih, ki potem služijo za zgled celotni skupini. Moderne vojaške organizacije, ki vse manj sodelujejo v vojnah, vse bolj pa v novih ne-vojnih vojaških operacijah, se srečujejo z izgubo tradicionalnih, institucionalnih značilnosti, obenem pa z vstopanjem postmodernih vrednot, predvsem individualizacije obnašanja in čustvovanja. Rituali za proizvajanje čustev postajajo bolj ohlapni, skromni, celo absurdni, kajti vojaki želijo ohranjati svoje individualno čustvovanje. Zaradi "komercialnih" zahtev organizacije so včasih prisiljeni, predvsem poveljniki ter poklicni vojaki, v hlinjeno čustvovanje oziroma "emocionalno delo"
