Eku energoefektivitates izpete. Ekonomiska un ekologiska optimizacija

Abstract

Nowadays global warming and GHG emission are important concerns and an increasing attention is paid towards these issues. Kyoto protocol is one of the major documents where these questions are treated and it provides a thorough description of different cooperation mechanisms that countries may use for emission reduction. Latvia has recently signed this protocol, following its government has agreed to participate in AIJ projects and to take part at the emission trade. Reduction of energy consumption in buildings is one of the measures that implicate the attenuation of GHG emissions. Nevertheless, in Latvia there are no models, for analysing energy efficiency measures, which take into account the emission trading effect. Software tools made outside are not suitable, because their databases miss specific data for Latvian conditions. Furthermore, most of these softwares require very precise input data, which is not available for the existing buildings in Latvia. Reprogramming a database is a complicated operation and often requires input from its designer. Frequently these software tools are designed for a narrow circle of users and most of them are very complex and only specially trained customers are able to run them. One group of software tools are made for the purpose of one certain equipment manufacturer products. In this study the author has developed a quasi-static, one zone optimisation model "Maja". This model aids to determine the current energy consumption of dwelling, as well as it finds the optimal set of energy efficiency measures. The computer model consists of six modules. All these modules are interconnected to four calculation groups. The author has provided an optimisation method where two optimisation criteria have been employed: equivalent annual net costs and CO_2 emission reduction. In the course of this study, experimental data set of energy consumption for three heating seasons, building characteristics like geometry, location, building constructions, heating and hot water systems, inhabitants and climate for most widespread panel buildings built in Latvia between 1960 and 1990 has been analysed. The mathematical statistic methods, such as correlation and regression analyses, have been employed in order to define the regression equation for the current energy consumption of dwellings. In the scope of the study, author has specified the set of parameters that influence energy consumption of buildings. The test of importance in the heat balance of building of each of parameters has been carried out. Author has performed usage validity test of regression analysis including examination of normal division law for dependent variables, autocorrelation, multicolinearity and heteroscedascity. The investigations revealed that regression analysis has been used correctly. The results obtained during the examination of experimental data have shown that the computer model has adequately represented the energy consumption in buildings and it can be used to design energy efficiency measures. The computer model "Maja" can be used by several target audiences -homeowners, investors and state. Each of the groups can use different indicators and target functions depending on their particular interests. The model is approbated in dwellings in Kuldiga, Riga and Ventspils.Separate summaries in Latvian, EnglishAvailable from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi