PILOTSTUDIE - Identifikation von erosionsgefaehrdeten Flaechen im Wolgaeinzugsgebiet und Entwicklung gewaesserschonender nachhaltiger Landnutzungskonzepte Sachbericht

Abstract

Nonpoint pollution from agricultural areas into surface water bodies is a major problem in the Volga river catchment. According to Russian sources 2/3 of the agricultural area in the entire catchment is affected by erosion. The reduction of nonpoint pollution is a key effort in the improvement of the ecological situation in the Volga river basin. In this context, the dimension of nutrient load during winter conditions and snowmelt situations is almost unknown in Russia as well as Germany. The initial phase of the pilot study was focused on the estimation of the erosion risk in the Volga river basin on the basis of the factors morphology (digital elevation model, USGS), soil texture, rainfall erosivity (monthy values of rainfall, GPCC) and landuse (digital AVHRR images). Regions of high risk are found in the south of Moscow and Nishni Nowgorod and also in the east of the catchment near the cities of Perm and Ufa. The interpretation of SIR-C satellite images of the region Samara, which was selected as a research area for the main project, shows the possibility of a regional/local differentiation in erosion risk. First application of the erosion and nutrient transport model AGNPS in the catchment of the Lubazikha south of Moscow near Pushchino have validated the problem of nonpoint pollution from agricultural areas during winter conditions. The improvement of the modelling of nonpoint pollution during winter conditions will be the main focus in the course of the following main project. The modificated model will be tested in two mesoscale catchments in the Volga river basin and two catchments in central Germany. The object of the efforts is to develope realistic scenarios to reduce the nonpoint pollution in the Volga catchment. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F00B889 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman