The disposal of waste computers is an issue that is gaining increasing interest around the world. In this paper, results from the fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor of three different waste computer monitor casings  composed of mainly acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer and two different waste computer body casings composed of mostly poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) type polymers are presented. Preliminary characterization of the waste plastics was investigated using coupled thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FT-IR). The results showed that the plastics decomposed in two stages. For the ABS-containing monitor casings, aromatic and aliphatic material were released in the first and second stages. The PVC-containing computer body casing samples showed a first-stage evolution of HCl and a second stage evolution of aromatic and aliphatic material and further HCl. In addition, each of the five plastics was fast-pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor at 500 °C. The fluidized bed pyrolysis led to the conversion of most of the plastics to pyrolysis oil, although the two PVC computer body cases produced large quantities of HCl. The pyrolysis oils were characterized by GC-MS and it was found that they were chemically very heterogeneous and contained a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic, halogenated, oxygenated, and nitrogenated compounds

Aracil I.

Bhaskar T.

Blazso M.

Brebu M.

Hall W. J.

Jakab E.

McNeill I. C.

Miranda R.

Ohtani H.

Paul T. Williams

Saeed L.

Scott D. S.

Uddin M. A.

Uemura Y.

William J. Hall

Williams P. T.

English

Crossref

Fast Pyrolysis of Halogenated Plastics Recovered from Waste Computers

Hall, William

Williams, Paul

White Rose Research Online

This is a repository copy of Fast pyrolysis of halogenated plastics recovered from waste computers.White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3641/Article:Hall, William and Williams, Paul (2006) Fast pyrolysis of halogenated plastics recovered from waste computers. Energy and Fuels, 20 (4). pp. 1536-1549. ISSN 0887-0624 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060088neprints@whiterose.ac.ukhttps://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/Reuse See Attached Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. The final, definitive version of this article has been published in Energy and Fuels, vol 20 (4), 2006, © American Chemical Society, 2006.  Fast Pyrolysis of Halogenated Plastics Recovered from Waste Computers  William J. Hall and Paul T. Williams  Energy and Resources Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT  Contact: William Hall (e-mail william.hall@coventry.ac.uk)   ABSTRACT  The disposal of waste computers is an issue that is gaining increasing interest around the world. In this paper, results from the fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor of three different waste computer monitor casings  composed of mainly acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer and two different waste computer body casings composed of mostly poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) type polymers are presented. Preliminary characterization of the waste plastics was investigated using coupled thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FT-IR). The results showed that the plastics decomposed in two stages. For the ABS-containing monitor casings, aromatic and aliphatic material were released in the first and second stages. The PVC-containing computer body casing samples showed a first-stage evolution of HCl and a second stage evolution of aromatic and aliphatic material and further HCl. In addition, each of the five plastics was fast-pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor at 500 °C. The fluidized bed pyrolysis led to the conversion of most of the plastics to pyrolysis oil, although the two PVC computer body cases produced large quantities of HCl. The pyrolysis oils were characterized by GC-MS and it was found that they were chemically very heterogeneous and contained a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic, halogenated, oxygenated, and nitrogenated compounds.   TABLES AND FIGURES  Table 1.  Characteristics of the waste plastics  Waste Plastic Sample   Country of Origin   Date   Main Material   Abbreviation  Computer Monitor Back Cover Taiwan 1994 ABS Co-polymer MO1 Computer Monitor Back Cover Indonesia 1995 ABS Co-polymer MO2 Computer Monitor Back Cover Taiwan  1991 ABS Co-polymer MO3 Computer Body Casing - 1997 PVC CT1 Computer Body Casing - 1997 PVC CT2 Table 2 Elemental composition of the waste plastic computer body and monitor cases   Element     MO1 (wt%)   MO2 (wt%)   MO3 (wt%)   CT1 (wt%)    CT2 (wt%)  N 3.1 3.0 3.5 0.3 0.0 C 68.9 69.2 70.3 55.4 43.4 H 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.6 5.6 S 1.0 0.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 O 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.6 2.0 Br 10.3 10.2 10.5 0.0 0.0 Cl 1.1 2.6 0.9 32.8 43.1 Ca 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.1 Fe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sb 4.5 4.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 Ti  1.4  1.2  1.0  1.8  2.7   Table 3.  Total mass balance, bromine, and chlorine balances from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of the waste plastics    Product  MO1  MO2  MO3  CT1  CT2  Char 4.3 3.8 11.1 6.4 19.8 Oil 91.8 91.0 85.4 55.1 35.9 Mass  (%) Gas 3.9 5.2 3.5 38.5 44.3        Char 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oil 98.8 95.9 98.1 0.0 0.0 Bromine (%) Gas 1.2 4.1 1.9 0.0 0.0        Char 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 Oil 94.3 72.8 63.2 6.0 1.8 Chlorine (%)  Gas  5.7  27.2  36.8  94.0  95.5   Table 4.  Composition of the pyrolysis gases derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of waste plastics    Gas    MO1 (Vol %)   MO2 (Vol %)   MO3 (Vol %)   CT1 (Vol %)   CT2 (Vol %)  Hydrogen 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 Carbon monoxide 29.9 15.1 26.7 0.0 0.0 Carbon dioxide N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D Methane 6.7 3.2 6.0 1.0 1.1 Ethene 9.2 3.7 6.5 1.5 0.7 Ethane 7.6 3.4 6.2 1.5 1.0 Propene 5.4 3.2 6.5 1.4 0.8 Propane 2.8 1.4 2.5 1.3 0.6 Butene + butadiene 21.4 27.0 23.3 4.3 2.0 HBr + Br2 3.4 6.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 HCl + Cl2 9.2 34.8 13.4 87.9 93.0 Butane  3.7  1.4  3.3  1.0  0.6   Table 5 Components identified by GC-MS in the pyrolysis oil of MO1 RT (min)  SI (%)  CAS  Name  Concentration (%) Peak # GC-FID only 107 - 13 - 1 acrylonitrile 2.7  GC-FID only 71 - 43 - 2 benzene 21.9  GC-FID only 108  -88 - 3 toluene 1.3  9.1 99 100 - 41 - 4 Ethylbenzene 4.9 1 11.3 97 100 - 42 - 5 Styrene 13.4 2 15.1 97 98 - 82 - 8 Cumene 0.6 3 20.3 92 98 - 83 - 9 α-Methylstyrene 0.1  21.4 97 108 - 95 - 2 Phenol 0.5 4 21.7 93 4013 - 34 - 7 (1-Methoxyethyl)benzene 0.1  22.5 92 300 - 57 - 2 2-Propenylbenzene 0.1  22.6 94 611 - 15 - 4 2-Methylstyrene 0.1  25.1 92 1572 - 52 - 7 α-Methyleneglutaronitrile 0.1  25.9 91 1120 - 21 - 4 Undecane 0.1  27.5 94 140 - 29 - 4 Benzyl nitrile 0.1  28.4 96 1823 - 91 - 2 alpha-methyl-benzeneacetonitrile 0.1  28.7 94 91 - 20 - 3 Naphthalene 0.2  28.9 94 1885 - 38 - 7 trans-3-Phenylpropenonitrile 0.1  29.1 91 112 - 41 - 4 1-Dodecene <0.1  30.5 98 99 - 89 - 8 4-Isopropylphenol 0.5 5 32.7 95 90 - 12 - 0 1-Methylnaphthalene 0.2  33.5 98 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 5.9 6 33.9 91 5590 - 14 - 7 Cyclopropanecarbonitrile 0.1  34.9 94 13360 - 61 - 7 1-Pentadecene 0.1  37.3 90 644 - 08 - 6 4-Methyldiphenyl 0.1  37.6 96 613 - 46 - 7 2-Naphthalenecarbonitrile 0.2  38.2 92 103 - 29 - 7 Bibenzyl 0.1  39.9 91 74339 - 50 - 7 Dodecyl trichloroacetate 0.1  41.3 97 1081 - 75 - 0 1,3-Diphenylpropane 2.3 7 41.4 93 132 - 75 - 2 1-Naphthaleneacetonitrile 0.6  42.6 94 103 - 30 - 0 1,2-Diphenylethene 0.2  44.3 96 6362-80-7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 3.3 8 44.6 91 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.8  45.2 94 22768 - 22 - 5 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-2(E)-pentene 2.3 9 46.5 91 629 - 79 - 8 Hexadecanenitrile 0.3  46.6 91 86544 - 79 - 8 1,3-Diphenyl-3-methylcyclopropene 0.3  47.0 96 112 - 39 - 0 Methyl hexadecanoate 0.8 10 48.0 81 612 - 94 - 2 Naphthalene, 2-phenyl- 0.7 11 49.8 96 4998 - 48 - 5 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 0.5  50.8 96 112 - 61 - 8 Methyl octadecanoate 1.4 12 51.7 74 - 1-phenyl-1(3-phenyl-3butenyl)cyclopropane 3.6 13 53.3 76 - unknown 1.9 14 54.2 84 1889 - 67 - 4 Benzene, 1,1'-(1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis- 1.7 15 56.9 86 6362-80-7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 2.5 16 57.8 85 6362-80-7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 1.8 17 59.2 92 1889 - 67 - 4 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane 0.4     TOTAL 78.8  Table 6 Components identified by GC-MS in the pyrolysis oil of MO2  RT (min)  SI (%)  CAS   Name  Concentration  (%)   Peak #  GC-FID only 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 3.0  GC-FID only 71-43-2 benzene 20.5  GC-FID only 108-88-3 toluene 2.3  8.3 96 108 - 90 - 7 chlorobenzene 0.1  9.2 99 100 - 41 - 4 Ethylbenzene 3.2 1 11.4 98 100 - 42 - 5 Styrene 16.5 2 20.3 93 98 - 83 - 9 Α-Methylstyrene 0.1  21.7 94 4013 - 34 - 7 (1-methoxyethyl)Benzene 0.3  22.6 95 637 - 50 - 3 1-propenylbenzene 0.1  25.2 92 1572 - 52 - 7 2-Methyleneglutaronitrile 0.1  25.9 94 1120 - 21 - 4 Undecane 0.1  27.5 97 140 - 29 - 4 Benzyl nitrile 0.1  28.7 97 91 - 20 - 3 Naphthalene 0.1  28.9 93 1885 - 38 - 7 trans-3-Phenylpropenonitrile 0.1  29.1 91 2437 - 56 - 1 1-Tridecene 0.1  32.3 92 119 - 65 - 3 Isoquinoline 0.1  32.7 95 91 - 57 - 6 2-methylnaphthalene 0.1  33.4 97 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 5.7 3 34.9 90 13360 - 61 - 7 1-Pentadecene 0.1  37.6 95 86 - 53 - 3 1-Naphthalenecarbonitrile 0.1  38.2 92 103 - 29 - 7 Bibenzyl 0.1  38.3 90 86 - 53 - 3 1-Naphthalenecarbonitrile 0.1  40.3 93 93 - 96 - 9 α-Methyl benzyl ether 0.1  41.3 97 1081 - 75 - 0 1,3-Diphenylpropane 1.9 4 41.4 93 132 - 75 - 2 1-Naphthaleneacetonitrile 0.4  42.6 95 103 - 30 - 0 (E)-Stilbene 0.2  43.7 92 - (l-Erythro-2,3-diphenyl)-2-butanol 3.1 5 44.1 92 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 2.6 6 44.3 93 6362-80-7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 0.9  44.6 92 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.6  44.9 91 20669 - 52 - 7 1,2-Dihydro-3-phenylnaphthalene 0.4  45.2 94 22768 - 22 - 5 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-2(E)-pentene 2.1  45.4 77 - Bis-(2-methylbenzyl)-methylenisonitril 5.4 7 48.0 88 35465 - 71 - 5 2-Phenylnaphthalene 1.4 8 50.4 92 723 - 98 - 8 1H-Cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene, 2,3-dihydro- 0.8  50.6 82 13754 - 10 - 4 1,2-Propanediol, 3-benzyloxy-1,2 diacetyl- 4.4 9 50.8 93 112 - 61 - 8 Methyl octadecanoate 0.2  51.3 95 92 - 06 - 8 m-Terphenyl 0.3  51.7 74 - Cyclopropane, 1-phenyl-1(3-phenyl-3-butenyl)- 4.2 10 53.2 76 - unknown 2.5 11 57.2 79 32461 - 31 - 7 2-Oxazolidinone, 4-phenyl-5-p-tolyl-, trans- 1.6 12 58.4 71 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 2.7 13 59.6 77 - 1-Propene, 3-(2-cyclopentenyl)-2-methyl-1,1-diphenyl- 0.8 14    TOTAL 86.9  Table 7 Components identified by GC-MS in the pyrolysis oil of MO3 RT (min)  SI (%)  CAS  Name  Concentration (%) Peak # GC-FID only 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 0.6  GC-FID only 71-43-2 benzene 1.5  GC-FID only 108 - 88 - 3 Toluene 2.2  9.5 98 100 - 41 - 4 Ethylbenzene 7.6 1 12.0 98 100 - 42 - 5 Styrene 25.0 2 15.9 98 98 - 82 - 8 Cumene 1.8  21.4 98 108 - 95 - 2 Phenol 0.3 3 22.9 94 873 - 49 - 4 cyclopropylbenzene 0.1  24.3 91 104 - 51 - 8 butylbenzene <0.1  25.0 90 98 - 86 - 2 Acetophenone 0.1  26.2 90 15869 - 93 - 9 3,5-dimethyloctane <0.1  26.7 92 768 - 00 - 3 cis-2-Phenyl-2-butene <0.1  27.5 90 1587 - 04 - 8 1-methyl-2-(2-propenyl)Benzene <0.1  27.7 93 140 - 29 - 4 Benzyl nitrile 0.1  28.3 93 612 - 17 - 9 1,4-Dihydronaphthalene 0.1  28.7 97 1823 - 91 - 2 α-methylBenzeneacetonitrile 0.1  29.0 98 91 - 20 - 3 Naphthalene 0.1  29.1 95 1885 - 38 - 7 trans-3-Phenylpropenonitrile 0.1  30.6 97 99 - 89 - 8 4-(1-Methylethyl)phenol 0.3 4 32.7 90 935 - 44 - 4 1-Phenyl-1-cyclopropanecarbonitrile 0.1  32.9 96 90 - 12 - 0 1-methylNaphthalene,  0.1  33.7 98 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 4.2 5 34.2 91 5590 - 14 - 7 2-Phenylcyclopropanecarbonitrile 0.1  34.8 93 56851 - 51 - 5 (1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl)Benzene 0.4 6 36.0 83 122057 - 61 - 8 Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene, 7-(3-butenyl)- 0.5 7 37.6 94 644 - 08 - 6 4-Methylbiphenyl <0.1  41.6 97 1081 - 75 - 0 1,3-Diphenylpropane 1.4 8 41.6 94 132 - 75 - 2 1-Naphthaleneacetonitrile 0.3  42.8 96 103 - 30 - 0 (E)-Stilbene 0.1  43.4 90 3282 - 18 - 6 1-Phenylcyclopropyl)benzene 0.3  44.3 92 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.2  44.6 98 6362-80-7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 2.7 9 44.8 91 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.4  45.5 93 22768 - 22 - 5 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-2(E)-pentene 0.6  45.6 78 2412 - 58 - 0 1-Methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline 1.8 10 47.3 96 112 - 39 - 0 Methyl hexadecanoate 0.4  47.4 81 55044 - 97 - 8 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis[4-ethylBenzene 0.4 11 50.8 81 10304 - 81 - 1 (2-chloropropyl)Benzene 1.2 12 51.1 95 112 - 61 - 8 Methyl octadecanoate 0.5  52.0 73 - Cyclopropane, 1-phenyl-1(3-phenyl-3-butenyl)- 3.0 13 52.3 95 629 - 97 - 0 Docosane 0.1  53.5 76 - unknown 0.9 14 54.5 83 1889 - 67 - 4 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane 1.3 15 57.1 86 - 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 0.9 16    TOTAL 61.7  Table 8 Components identified by GC-MS in the pyrolysis oil of CT1 RT (min)  SI (%)  CAS  Name  Concentration (%) Peak #  GC-FID only 71-43-2 benzene 20.3  GC-FID only 108-88-3 toluene 1.0  8.8 98 108 - 90 - 7 chlorobenzene 0.2  9.7 99 100 - 41 - 4 Ethylbenzene 3.1 1 12.0 97 100 - 42 - 5 Styrene 8.3 2 20.1 92 98 - 83 - 9 α-Methylstyrene 0.1  21.5 96 4013 - 34 - 7 (1-methoxyethyl)Benzene 0.5  23.6 95 35275 - 62 - 8 1-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-Indene <0.1  24.7 94 672 - 65 - 1 (1-chloroethyl)benzene 0.2  25.3 91 935 - 67 - 1 (1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene 0.6 3 27.7 94 140 - 29 - 4 Benzyl nitrile 0.1  28.3 94 612 - 17 - 9 1,4-Dihydronaphthalene 0.2  29.0 98 91 - 20 - 3 Naphthalene 0.2  29.4 91 112 - 41 - 4 1-Dodecene <0.1  32.2 98 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 1.4 4 32.9 95 90 - 12 - 0 1-methylnaphthalene 0.5  33.2 98 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 3.7 5 34.8 90 56851 - 51 - 5 (1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl)benzene 0.1  34.8 95 92 - 52 - 4 Biphenyl 0.1  35.1 94 1120 - 36 - 1 1-Tetradecene 0.2  37.6 90 643 - 93 - 6 3-Methylbiphenyl <0.1  37.9 92 629 - 62 - 9 Pentadecane 0.1  38.4 93 103 - 29 - 7 Bibenzyl <0.1  39.9 93 86 - 73 - 7 Fluorene 0.1  40.1 92 52132 - 58 - 8 Chloro-acetic acid hexadecyl ester 0.2  41.5 97 1081 - 75 - 0 1,3-Diphenylpropane 1.3 6 42.2 93 1520 - 44 - 1 (3-Phenylbutyl)benzene 0.2  42.5 90 629 - 78 - 7 Heptadecane 0.1  42.8 95 103 - 30 - 0 (E)-Stilbene 0.1  43.1 93 124 - 10 - 7 Methyl tetradecanoate 0.1  43.2 90 1889 - 67 - 4 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane 0.1  44.5 91 6362 - 80 - 7 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene 0.8  44.8 92 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.5  44.9 84 32461 - 31 - 7 2-Oxazolidinone, 4-phenyl-5-p-tolyl-, trans- 1.9 7 45.5 93 22768 - 22 - 5 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-2(E)-pentene 0.3  45.6 78 2412 - 58 - 0 1-Methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline 1.3 8 46.8 92 629 - 79 - 8 Hexadecanenitrile 0.5  47.3 96 112 - 39 - 0 Methyl hexadecanoate 3.2 9 49.2 94 1731 - 92 - 6 methyl heptadecanoate 0.1  50.6 93 2345 - 29 - 1 8-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 0.7  51.1 96 112 - 61 - 8 Methyl octadecanoate 3.0 10 52.0 73 - unknown 1.8 11 52.1 91 111 - 06 - 8 Butyl hexadecanoate 0.3  53.3 75 - 1-Propene, 3-(2-cyclopentenyl)-2-methyl-1,1-diphenyl- 0.7 12 58.7 71 7614 - 93 - 9 1,3-Diphenyl-1-butene 0.1 13    TOTAL 58.3  Table 9  Components identified by GC-MS in the pyrolysis oil of CT2 RT (min)  SI (%)  CAS #  Name  Concentration (%)  Peak #  GC-FID only 71-43-2 benzene 0.1  GC-FID only 108-88-3 toluene 0.2  8.4 97 108 - 90 - 7 chlorobenzene 0.1  9.3 98 100 - 41 - 4 Ethylbenzene <0.1 1 11.4 98 100 - 42 - 5 Styrene 1.1 2 23.2 96 104 - 76 - 7 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 0.4 3 23.3 94 95 - 13 - 6 Indene 0.1  25.4 89 935 - 67 - 1 (1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene 1.0 4 25.9 92 1120 - 21 - 4 Undecane 0.2  27.2 91 824 - 22 - 6 2,3-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-Indene 0.1  27.6 91 3454 - 07 - 7 4-Ethylstyrene 0.1  27.8 90 2177 - 47 - 1 2-Methylindene 0.4  28.1 95 612 - 17 - 9 1,4-Dihydronaphthalene 0.2  28.7 98 91 - 20 - 3 Naphthalene 1.3 5 32.7 96 90 - 12 - 0 1-methylnaphthalene 0.4  33.4 98 2046 - 18 - 6 Benzenebutanenitrile 1.3 6 34.6 96 92 - 52 - 4 Biphenyl 0.2  35.1 91 1127 - 76 - 0 1-ethylnaphthalene <0.1  37.5 93 13360 - 61 - 7 1-Pentadecene 0.1  38.3 90 111 - 82 - 0 Methyl dodecanoate 0.1  39.7 93 86 - 73 - 7 Fluorene 0.2  39.9 93 13360 - 61 - 7 1-Pentadecene 0.2  40.1 92 643 - 58 - 3 2-Methylbiphenyl 0.2  41.3 96 1081 - 75 - 0 1,3-Diphenylpropane 0.9 7 42.5 90 1430 - 97 - 3 2-Methylfluorene 0.2  42.6 92 103 - 30 - 0 (E)-Stilbene 0.1  42.9 96 124 - 10 - 7 Methyl tetradecanoate 0.5  44.1 95 120 - 12 - 7 Anthracene 0.5  45.0 93 7132 - 64 - 1 Methyl pentadecanoate 0.3  46.4 91 779 - 02 - 2 9-Methylanthracene 0.2  47.0 96 112 - 39 - 0 Methyl hexadecanoate 4.0 8 49.0 95 1731 - 92 - 6 methyl heptadecanoate 0.3  50.3 93 2345 - 29 - 1 8-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 1.5  50.8 96 112 - 61 - 8 Methyl octadecanoate 7.6 9 51.7 74 - 1-phenyl-1(3-phenyl-3-butenyl)cyclopropane 0.9 10 57.1 84 24468 - 13 - 1 dl-2-Ethylhexyl chloroformate 0.6 11 61.8 97 111 - 02 - 4 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene 0.5 12          TOTAL 25.6                 Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the fluidised bed pyrolysis reactor.  Figure 2. Thermogravimetric analysis of the five different plastics at a heating rate of 50 °C min-1 to a final temperature of 500 °C. Gas samplepointCO2AcetoneCooledFeedHopperFluidisedBed ReactorDistributor Water Cooled Gas pre-heaterTCTCTCTCTCN2AgitatorN2FurnaceCondensersExhaustWater Reservoir Alkali Reservoir AlkaliPumpWaterPumpScrubberUnits0.020.040.060.080.0100.00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800Time (seconds)Mass loss (%)0100200300400500600Temperature (°C)CT1 CT2 MO1 MO2 MO3 CT1MO1 MO3 CT1 MO2 Temp. Figure 3.  Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the evolved products derived from computer body casing sample CT1 at a thermogravimetric analysis temperature of 330 °C (A) and 485 °C (B).   Figure 4. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the evolved products derived from computer monitor casing sample MO1 at a thermogravimetric analysis temperature of 380 °C (A) and 485 °C (B).  A 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AbsorbanceB 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Absorbance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1)A 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AbsorbanceB 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Absorbance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1)Figure 5.  Total ion chromatogram from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of computer monitor sample MO1 at 500 °C.   Figure  6.  Total ion chromatogram from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of computer monitor sample MO2 at 500 °C. 01000000200000030000004000000500000060000005 15 25 35 45 55 65 75Time (min)Responce123456789101112131415161705000001000000150000020000002500000300000035000004000000450000050000005 15 25 35 45 55 65 75Time (mins)Responce12 34 567891011121314 Figure 7. Total ion chromatogram from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of computer monitor sample MO3 at 500 °C.     Figure 8. Total ion chromatogram from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of computer body sample CT1 at 500 °C.02000000400000060000008000000100000001200000014000000160000005 15 25 35 45 55 65 75Time (mins)Responce123456 789101112131415160500000010000000150000002000000025000000300000005 15 25 35 45 55 65 75Time (min)Responce12345678910111213  Figure 9. Total ion chromatogram from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of computer body sample CT2 at 500 °C.   Figure 10. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from computer monitor sample MO1 pyrolysed at 500 °C in the fluidised bed reactor.  0100000020000003000000400000050000006000000700000080000009000000100000005 15 25 35 45 55 65 75Time (min)Responce1 2 3 456 7891011 12 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%Transmittance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1)  Figure 11. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from computer monitor sample MO2 pyrolysed at 500 °C in the fluidised bed reactor.    Figure 12. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from computer monitor sample MO3 pyrolysed at 500 °C in the fluidised bed reactor.   10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%Transmittance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%Transmittance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 13. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from computer body sample CT1 pyrolysed at 500 °C in the fluidised bed reactor.     Figure 14.  Fourier transform infra-red analysis of the pyrolysis oil derived from computer body sample CT2 pyrolysed at 500 °C in the fluidised bed reactor.     10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%Transmittance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%Transmittance 1000   2000   3000   4000  Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Fast pyrolysis of halogenated plastics recovered from waste computers

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Fast pyrolysis of halogenated plastics recovered from waste computers

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