Projectile X-ray emission and charge-exchange processes are studied for bare and one-electron Bi, Pb, and U ions in collisions with gaseous and solid targets at relativistic energies. The experimental data for both, the total and sub-shell differential cross sections, are discussed and compared with theoretical predictions. Moreover, the experiments were extended to atomic structure studies. The result on the groundstate Lamb-shift for hydrogenic uranium is presented which compares very well with theoretical prediction. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 801(93-59) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman