Characteristics or Incentives: Why Do Employment Outcomes for the SSA Beneficiary Clients of VR Agencies Differ, on Average, from Those of Other Clients?
This report uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Vocational Rehabilitation Services Programs to compare employment outcomes of state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agency clients who receive Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) -- “beneficiary clients” -- to those of non-beneficiary clients, before and after controlling for detailed information on disability and other characteristics that are likely to affect outcomes. Differences are substantial. Characteristics do explain a substantial share of the differences, but substantial differences remain. For instance, we estimate that only 23 percent of beneficiaries who received services achieved earnings above 500permonthforatleast9monthsoutofa15−monthperiod,comparedto54percentofnon−beneficiaries–a30percentagepointdifference.Aftercontrollingforothercharacteristics,thedifferenceis17percentagepoints.Onelikelyexplanationforasubstantialportionoftheremainingdifferenceisworkdisincentivesfacedbybeneficiaryclients.Duringthisperiod,SSIrecipientslost50centsinbenefitsforeverydollarearnedabovecertaindisregards,andSSDIbeneficiarieslostallbenefitsiftheyearnedmorethan500 per month, again net of certain disregards, for more than nine months