Fluker, Sam S.

Huddleston, Ellis W.

LaPlante, Albert A.

Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society

ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa

Vol. XX, No. I, June, 1968 71Pictorial Key of the Ants of HawaiiBased on the Worker Forms1Ellis W. Huddleston2, Albert A. Laplante3, Sam S. Fluker4UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIIHONOLULU, HAWAIIThis pictorial key was designed to aid in the identification of the 42species of ants reported from Hawaii. The first key to the ants of Hawaiiwas prepared by Gulick in 1913, at which time 23 species were known.In 1934, Phillips, in his work on the ants found in Hawaiian pineapplefields, presented a key to 28 species. Wilson and Taylor (1967) in "Antsof Polynesia'' published a key in which 36 of the 42 species presently knownfrom Hawaii were included. The many significant changes in synomonyand the new species found in the past year have made it desirable to prepare a current key restricted to the species known from Hawaii.The ideas and concepts used in this key were taken primarily fromthe excellent work, "Ants of Polynesia", by Wilson and Taylor (1967).The majority of the illustrations were redrawn or traced from this publication. Most of the remaining pictures were redrawn from Smith (1947).The following terms particular to ant taxonomy are defined fromTorre-Bueno (1962) to expedite the use of this key.Alitrunk: Posterior part of thorax, including the first abdominal segment.Carina: An elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute.Dimorphic: Occurring in 2 distinct forms.Mesometanotal groove: A small groove that extends between the upper surface of the2nd and 3rd thoracic segments.Mesepisternum: The sternum of the mesothorax.Monomorphic: Occurring in 1 distinct form.Node: A knot or knob.Occipital corner: In full face view, the upper margin of the head that is the greatest distance from the antennal insertion.Pedicel: The 1 or 2 segments of the base of the abdomen which are much reduced.Peduncle: A stalk or petiole.Petiole: The 1st segment of a 2-segmented pedicel in ants.Post petiole: The 2nd segment of the pedicel when it has 2 segments.Preapical teeth: Teeth that are before the apex.Propodeal spines: Spines on the 1st abdominal segment when it forms a part of the alitrunk.Punctate: Set with impressed points or punctures.Reticulate: Covered with a network of lines; meshed; netted.Rugose: Wrinkled.Scape'. The long basal joint in geniculate antennae.Shagreened: Covered with a closely-set roughness, like the rough-surfaced horse leatherPublished with the approval of the Director of the Hawaii Agricultural ExperimentStation as Technical Paper no. 944.2Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Present Address: Department of Entomology, Texas Technological College, Lubbock, Texas.3Extension Entomologist, University of Hawaii.4Research Assistant, Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii.72 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological SocietyPICTORIAL KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF HAWAIIAN ANTSTWO NODES ONWAIST BETWEEN THORAXAND ABDOMENA SINGLE NODE ONWAIST BETEEN THORAXAND ABDOMENNODES LARGE AND SWOLLENANTENNAL SCAPES SHORTAND STOUTNODES SMALLER INDIAMETER THAN ABDOMEN ,ANTENNAE NORMALCERAPACHINAESyscia silvesteriiMYRMICINAEPage 3NO STING , NODE SMALL , NOCONSTRICTION BETWEEN 1sta 2nd ABDOMINAL SEGMENTSSTING LARGE , NODE LARGECONSTRICTION BETWEEN 1sta 2nd ABDOMINAL SEGMENTSPONERINAEPage 2CONE - SHAPED STRUCTUREON 7th ABDOMINALSTERNITENO CONE- SHAPEDSTRUCTURE ON 7thABDOMINAL STERNITEFORMICINAEPage 6DOLICHODERINAEPage 6Vol. XX, No. I, June, 1968 73PICTORIAL KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILYPONERINAEPAGE 2MANDIBLES LONG, SLENDER, MANDIBLES SHORT, SLENDER MANDIBLES TRIANGULARCURVED. LARGE BLACK CURVED. SMALL YELLOWISH YELLOW TO BLACKSPECIES (7mm) SPECIES (2mm) SPECIES (1.5-3 mm)Leptogenys falcigera Amblyopone zwaluwenburgiEYES COMPLETEY ABSENT EYES PRESENT, MAY BEONLY A SINGLE FACET JUSTABOVE MANDIBLEMANDIBLES WITH COMB-LIKEPREAPICAL TEETH. NOFENESTRA OR DENTICESPREAPICAL TEETH NOTCOMB-LIKE. SUBPETIOLARFENESTRA AND DENTICESHypoponera zwaluwenburgi Ponera swezeyiEYE WITH SEVERAL FACETS EYE WITH SEVERAL FACETS EYE WITH SINGLE FACETSCAPES DO NOT REACH TOP ANTENNAL SCAPES REACH RAISED CARINA AROUNDOF HEAD (2.5mm) TOP OF HEAD (2.5mm) MESEPISTERNUM (2mm)Hypoponera punctatissima Hypoponera opaciceps Hypoponera sinensis74 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological SocietyPICTORIAL KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILYMYRMICINAEPAGE 3ANTENNAE WITH 6 OR LESSSEGMENTS. HEAD MORE ORLESS HEART-SHAPED.ANTENNAE WITH MORE THAN ANTENNAE WITH 10 SEG-10 SEGMENTS. NO STING. MENTS, CLUB 2 SEGMENTED.Page 4ANTENNAE 4 SEGMENTED. ANTENNAE 6 SEGMENTED. ANTENNAE 6 SEGMENTED.MANDIBLES STRONGLY CUR- MANDIBLES LONG, SLENDER, MANDIBLES SHORT, TRIANGU-VED. CURVED. LAR.Guadrastrumma emmae Trichoscrapa membraniferaI PREAPICAL TOOTH, SPONGI- I PREAPICAL TOOTH, SPONGI- 2 PREAPICAL TEETH ONFORM LAMELLAE, DENSE FORM LAMELLAE, SPARSE MANDIBLE. NO SPONGIFORMPRONOTAL HAIRS PRONOTAL HAIRS LAMELLAE ON THORAX.Strumigenys godeffroyi Strumigenys lewisi Strumigenys rogeriWORKERS AND SOLDIERS NO SOLDIERS, SMALL DARK NO SOLDIERS, SMALL LIGHTPRESENT. REDDISH YELLOW BROWN TO BLACK WORKERS BROWN TO YELLOW WORK-(2 to 5mm). (1.5mm). ERS (1.5mm).Soienopsis geminata Solenopsis "a" Soienopsis "b"Vol. XX, No. I, June, 1968 75PAGE 4PROPODEAL SPINES, HEAD NO PROPODEAL SPINES, PROPODEAL SPINES. HEADRETICULATED. VERTICAL HEAD PUNCTATE OR SHINY SHINY OR PUNCTATE,RIDGES BETWEEN ANTENNAE RETICULATE-STRIATE ONLYNO SOLDIERS PRESENT ON BIG-HEADED SOLDIERSGenus Monomorium page 5ANTERIOR PEDUNCLE THICK ANTERIOR PEDUNCLE THIN ANTERIOR PUDUNCLE THICKTHORAX STRIATE, SHORT THORAX RETICULATE, SHORT THORAX RETICULATE, LONGSPINES, HW .65mm. SPINES, HW .65mm. SPINES, HW .7mm.T.etramorium simillimum Tetramorium tonganum Tetramorium guineenseNO SOLDIERS, HEAD DULLAND PUNCTATE. (1.5-2.5 mm.)BIG-HEADED SOLDIERS,HEAD OF WORKERSSMOOTH AND SHININGGenus Pheidole Page 5MESOMETANOTAL GROOVEDISTINCT, ESPECIALLYIN SIDE VIEWMESOMETANOTAL GROOVEABSENT OR VERY WEAKDARK BROWN OR BLACK (1.5 mm.)Cardiocondyla nudaPROPODEAL SPINES SHORTDARK BROWN TO BLACK(2-2.5 mm.)NODE SUB-GLOBULAR, SPINES NODE COMPRESSED SPINESLONG. MESONOTUM DECLINING SHORT MESONOTUM SLOPINGABRUPTLY AT GROOVE GRADUALLY TO GROOVE\\Cardiocondyla "a" Cardiocondyla wroughioni Cardiocondyla emery/76 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological SocietyPAGE 5GENUS PHEIDOLE GENUS MONOMORIUMuTOP OF HEAD OFSOLDIER SMOOTHAND SHININGENTIRE HEAD OFSOLDIER DULL ANDRUGOSEPheidole megacephala Pheidole fervensEYE SIZE NORMAL. TERMINALANTENNAL SEGMENT LONGERTHAN NEXT TWO. MONOMORPHIC AS NEXT TWO. DIMORPHICEYE SIZE NORMAL, TERMINAL EYES VERY SMALL, LESSANTENNAL SEGMENT AS LONG THAN 0.03mm in diameterMonomorium fossulatumPOSTPETIOLAR NODE 1.2 xBROADER THAN LONGPOSTPETIOLAR NODE l.4xBROADER THAN LONGMonomorium destructor Monomorium tat/nodeBODY SMOOTH AND SHINING,UNIFORM DARK REDDISH TOBLACKISH BROWNBODY SMOOTH AND SHININGBLACKISH BROWN, THORAXLIGHTER AND YELLOWISHENTIRE BODY SHAGREENEDAND OPAQUE, YELLOW TOMEDIUM BROWNMonomorium minutum Monomorium floricola Monomorium pharaonisVol. XX, No. I, June, 1968 77PICTORIAL KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILIESFORMICINAE AND DOLICHODERINAEANTENNAE II SEGMENTED ANTENNAE 9 SEGMENTED ANTENNAE 12 SEGMENTEDBrachymyrmex obscuriorSMALL , ROBUST , YELLOWISH( 1.5mm)SCAPE EXCEEDS OCCIPITALCORNER BY THE LENGTH OFTHE NEXT TWO SEGMENTSPlagiolepis alluaudiLARGE, YELLOWISH WORKERSAND SOLDIERS ( 7 mm )Camponotus variegatusLARGE , ELONGATE, REDDISHYELLOW (4mm)Anoplolepis longipesSCAPE EXCEEDS OCCIPITALCORNER BY LESS THAN THELENGTH OF THE NEXT SEGMENTPlagiolepis exigaMEDIUM TO SMALL , ALLWORKERS THE SAME SIZE(I ,5-3mm )Page 778 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological SocietyPAGE 7CONE - SHAPED STRUCTUREON 7th ABDOMINALSTERNITENO CONE - SHAPED STRUCTUREON 7th ABDOMINALSTERNITESIZE RANGE FROM2 to 4 mmHEAD AND THORAX BLACK , NOSTANDING HAIRS ON THORAXABDOMEN LIGHTER ( 1. 5 mm )Tapinoma melanocephalumTHORAX SMOOTH WITH NOSTANDING HAIRS . PETIOLARNODE WELL DEVELOPEDTHORAX DULL , PUNCTATE, WITH2 to 4 STANDING HAIRS.PETIOLAR NODE RUDIMENTARYIrido/nyrmex humilis Technomyrmex albipesSLENDER, SCAPE I . 5xLENGTH OF HEAD ANDCLOSED MANDIBLESHW .65 mm. THORAX WITHSEVERAL STANDING HAIRS.SCAPE l.5x HEAD LENGTHHW .62 mm THORAX WITHA FEW STANDING HAIRS.SCAPE l.5x HEAD LENGTHParatrechina longicornis Paratrechina bourbonica Paratrechina vagaVol. XX, No. I, June, 1968 79or shark leather.Spongiform lamellae: A sponge-like growth, especially on the posterior face of the prodo-deum.Subpetiolar dentices: Very short, posteriorly directed projections on the posterioventralpart of the subpetiolar process.Subpetiolar fenestra: A small shiny area on the anterioventral part of the subpetiolarprocess.Subpetiolar process: The compressed ventral area of the petiole.LITERATURE CITEDSmith, M. R. 1947. A generic and subgeneric synopsis of the United States ants, basedon the workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The American Midland Naturalist 37(3): 520-647.Torre-Bueno de la, J. R. 1962. A glossary of entomology. Brooklyn EntomologicalSociety, N. Y.Wilson, E. O. and R. W. Taylor. 1967. Ants of Polynesia. Pacific Insects Monograph14. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Pictorial Key of the Ants of Hawaii Based on the Worker Forms

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Pictorial Key of the Ants of Hawaii Based on the Worker Forms

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