The pontoniine shrimp Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis is
recorded for the first time from Australian waters and is redescribed and figured
in detail to augment the original description and illustration provided by Bate
(1888) as Brachycarpus audouini. The presently available data on carideans (eight
spp.) occurring in both Australian and New Zealand waters are summarized

Bruce, A.J.

Cropp, D.A.

Pacific Science

ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa

Pacific Science (1984), vol. 38, no. 3© 1984 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reservedA Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis (Brachycarpus audouiniBate, 1888, Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and Its Occurrencein Australian Waters1A. J. BRUCE2 AND D. A. CROPP3ABSTRACT: The pontoniine shrimp Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis isrecorded for the first time from Australian waters and is redescribed and figuredin detail to augment the original description and illustration provided by Bate(1888) as Brachycarpus audouini. The presently available data on carideans (eightspp.) occurring in both Australian and New Zealand waters are summarized.IN HIS 1888 REPORT ON the caridean shrimpscollected by the Challenger Expedition, Bateprovided a description of a single specimen ofa shrimp under the name ofBrachycarpus audo-uini. This ovigerous female was collected from10 fms (l8.3m) at 41°4'S, 174°19'E, in CookStrait, New Zealand, and the species has sincebeen found to be moderately abundant inNew Zealand waters. The holotype specimen,lacking many appendages (Kemp 1925), isnow preserved in the collections of the BritishMuseum (Natural History), registration num-ber 1960.1.30: 2. The species was subsequent-ly transferred to the pontoniine genus Peri-climenes by Kemp (1925) and later renamed P.batei by Holthuis (1950). This name was laterfound to be invalid and a new name, P.yaldwyni, was provided by Holthuis (1959).The species proved to be common in NewZealand's shallow coastal waters and was con-sidered to be endemic to New Zealand (Ri-chardson and Yaldwyn 1958; Yaldwyn 1974).Its discovery in Tasmanian waters is thereforeof interest and increases slightly the smallnumber of carideans found in both southernAustralian and New Zealand waters.Periclimenes yaldwyni HolthuisFigures 1-6RESTRICTED SYNONYMY: Brachycarpus audo-uini Bate, 1888: 798-800, pI. 129, figs. 5, 5k.;Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) audouini Kemp,1925: 326; Periclimenes batei Holthuis,1950 :22; Periclimenes (Harpilius) yaldwyniHolthuis, 1959: 197-199 (full synonymy).MATERIAL EXAMINED: (i) 1<3", 3 ovig. ~,Mercury Passage, Maria Island, Tasmania,ca. 42°40'S, 148°00'E, 16-28m, 15 April1983, colI. D. A. Cropp, Northern TerritoryMuseum (NTM) Cr.000434; (ii) 1<3", 2~, idem,no date, NTM Cr.000386; (iii) 1<3", 4~ (3 ovig.),Shelly Bay, Wellington, New Zealand, 28June 1953, colI. J. Moreland.DESCRIPTION: Medium-sized, robustly builtpontoniine shrimp of generally smooth, sub-cylindrical body form. All specimens withmany pereiopods detached.Carapace smooth with rostrum well de-veloped, acute, deep, extending well beyondantennal peduncle; lateral carinae feebly de-veloped; dorsal and ventral laminae well de-veloped, with 8-9 dorsal, 4-5 ventral teeth,generally 9/5; distal dorsal and ventral teethsometimes minute; first two dorsal teethsituated on carapace: interstices betweenrostral teeth setose. Orbit feebly developed.Supraorbital spines absent. Superior orbitalangle acute, produced. Antennal spine slen-der, submarginal, below inferior orbital angle.Hepatic spine slender, below and posterior toantennal spine. Anterolateral and postero-lateral angles of branchiostegite rounded.Abdomen of normal proportions, smooth,with third segment not posterodorsally pro-1 Manuscript accepted 17 April 1984.2 Northern Territory Museum, Division of NaturalSciences, P.O. Box 4646, Darwin, Australia 5794.3 Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority, Cray-fish Point, Taroona, Australia 7006.189190 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984FIGURE 1. Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis. Ovigerous female, Mercury Passage, Maria Island, Tasmania (scale inmm).duced. Sixth segment about 1.5 times length offifth, 1.5 times longer than deep, with postero-lateral angle acutely and posteroventral anglebluntly produced. Pleura of first three seg-ments broadly rounded, expanded in females;fourth and fifth pleura bluntly produced. Tel-son about 1.3 times length of sixth segment,2.25 times longer than wide, anterior widthabout 3.1 times posterior width; two pairs ofsubequal dorsal spines present at ca. 0.43 and0.67 of telson length; lateral posterior spinesslightly smaller than dorsal, intermediatespines slender, about 4.7 times length oflateralspines, equal to ca. 0.3 of telson length and 1.8times length of setulose submedian spines.Eyes well developed with large globularcornea with dorsal accessory pigment spot.Stalk about as long as wide, slightly com-pressed, slightly narrower than corneal width.Antennae normal. Antennule with prox-imal segment of peduncle about 2.2 timeslonger than wide; stylocerite slender, exceed-ing half segment length, statocyst well devel-oped, with granular statolith; anterolateralangle produced with a slender acute lateraltooth which exceeds half length of interme-diate segment. Intermediate segment withlateral lobe, length equal to 0.25 of proximalsegment, slightly shorter than distal segment.Upper flagellum biramous, with proximal 5-6segments fused; shorter ramus with four seg-ments, about 18 groups of aesthetascs; longerramus filiform, shorter than carapace length;lower flagellum slender, longer than carapacelength.Antenna with robust basicerite, with strongdistolateral tooth, ischiocerite and meroceritenormal, carpocerite about twice as long aswide, not exceeding midpoint of scaphocerite,which is 3.5 times longer than wide, broadestcentrally, with lateral margin straight withstrong slender acute distal tooth that fails toexceed rounded anterior margin of lamella;flagellum well developed.Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni-BRuCE AND CROPP 191---,FEDBeO.5mm1.0mmAD-HAFIGURE 2. Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis, ovigerous female. A, anterior carapace and rostrum. B, tip of rostrum. C,inferior orbital angle. D, eye. E, antennule. F, antenna. G, telson. H, uropod.192BPACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984O.5mmA-FFIGURE 3. Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis, ovigerous female. A, mandible. B, maxillula. C, maxilla. D, first maxil-liped. E, second maxilliped. F, third maxilliped.Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni-BRuCE AND CROPP 193JH0.5mm 0.1 mmF D0.5mm 0.1 mm----jBCH A EG IJBFFIGURE 4. Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis, ovigerous female. A, first pereiopod. B, same, chela. C, same, basis, coxa,and fourth thoracic sternite. D, major second pereiopod. E, same, chela and carpus. F, same, fingers. G, third per-eiopod. H, fifth pereiopod, propod and dactyl. Male. I, first pleopod, exopod removed. J, second pleopod, exopodremoved.194 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984AH0.2mmcDH0.01 mm0.1 mmIAS EJFGI0.5mmFvt;:CFIGURE 5. Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis. A, molar process of mandible. B, palp of maxillula. C, same, lower lobe.D, third maxilliped, distal merus. E, antennule, distolateral angle of proximal segment. F, first pleopod, endopod. G,second pleopod, appendices interna and masculina. H, third pereiopod, dactyl. I, posterior telson spines. J, distolateralangle of exopod of uropod. A-E, I-J, ovigerous female. G-H, male.Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni-BRuCE AND CROPP 195DO.2mmASO.5mmoAO.5mmccFIGURE 6. Periclimenes ya/dwyni Holthuis. A, chela and carpus of major chela. B, same, minor chela. C, D, dactyland propod of third pereiopods. A-C, New Zealand specimen. D, Tasmanian specimen.Fourth thoracic sternite broad, withoutmedian spine, slightly produced medially.Subsequent sternites narrow but of increasingwidth posteriorly.Mandible robust, without palp; molar pro-cess stout with five blunt distal teeth; incisorprocess robust, with three blunt teeth distally.Maxillula with palp bilobed, lower lobe withsmall hooked setae distally; upper laciniabroad, with about seven strong distal spines;lower lacinia narrow with numerous distalsetae. Maxilla without a medial seta; distalendite deeply bilobed, upper lobe with 15finely serrulate setae distally, lower lobe with17 similar setae; proximal endite obsolete,border slightly produced medially; scaphog-nathite narrow, about 3.8 times longer thanwide; anterior lobe narrow with medial borderconcave. First maxilliped with longer slenderpalp, with single medial plumose seta; basalendite large, broadly rounded, strongly setosedistally and medially; coxal endite distinct,rounded, feebly setose medially; exopod welldeveloped, flagellum slender with sevenplumose setae distally and well developed,narrow caridean lobe proximally; epipodlarge, triangular, feebly bilobed. Second max-illiped of normal form; exopod slender withfour plumose setae distally; epipod simple,rounded, without podobranch. Third max-illiped reaching anterior of first segment ofantennular peduncle; ischio-merus and basisalmost fully fused, small notch present medi-ally, combined segment ca. 5.5 times longerthan average width, bowed, with numeroussmall spines along distolateral border, sparse-ly setose medially; penultimate segment 5.0times longer than wide, ca. 0.6 of antepenulti-mate segment, uniform, sparsely setose medi-ally; terminal segment tapering, 4.0 timeslonger than wide, ca. 0.5 of antepenultimatesegment length, with numerous groups of196short spines medially, longer spines distally;exopod with slender flagellum with sixplumose setae distally; epipod well developed,rounded; rudimentary arthrobranch present;medial margin ofcoxa slightly produced, withfew setae.First pereiopods slender, extending toabout end of antennular peduncle, exceedingcarpocerite by palm length; chela with palmca. 2.4 times longer than deep, slightly com-pressed, with four rows of cleaning setae pro-ximally; fingers slender, tapering, small acutehooked tips, entire cutting edges, about 5.0times longer than deep, subequal to palmlength; carpus slightly shorter than chela, 5.0times longer than distal width, slightly taperedproximally, with few long cleaning setae dis-tally; merus about 1.2 times carpal length, ca.6.4 times longer than wide, uniform; ischium,basis, and coxa normal, coxa with smallmedial setose process.Second pereiopods well developed, slender,similar, slightly unequal. Chela of majorpereiopod with palm subcylindrical, ca. 3.6times longer than deep, slightly compressed,with sparse minute acute tubercles; fingersslender, equal to 0.7 ofpalm length, with smallacute hooked tips, cutting edges mainly entire,with single small subacute tooth proximallyon dactylus; carpus short and stout, twice aslong as wide, expanded distally, unarmed,equal to ca. 0.3 of palm length; merus 2.5times carpus length, 5.0 times longer thanwide, uniform, unarmed; ischium slightlylonger than merus, tapering proximally, un-armed, ca. 5.7 times longer than distal width;basis and coxa normal, short and robust.Chela of minor second pereiopod with palmca. 3.2 times longer than deep, minutely tuber-culate; fingers subequal to palm length, slen-der, unarmed; carpus 0.75 of palm length, ca.3.8 times longer than distal width, feebly ex-panded distally, unarmed.Ambulatory pereiopods slender, third ex-ceeding carpocerite by about half carpuslength. Dactylus slender, simple, about 5.5times longer than broad, corpus ca. 1.7 timeslength of feebly demarcated unguis, withsingle medial and pair of short sentory setaedistally; propod ca. 2.8 times length of dactyl,uniform, ca. 14.5 times longer than wide, withPACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984two pairs of spines distoventrally and fivesingle spines along rest of ventral border: car-pus about 0.45 of propod length, unarmed, ca.6.0 times longer than wide; merus withoutdistoventral tooth, slightly shorter than pro-pod, uniform, ca. 8.8 times longer than width;ischium ca. 0.8 of merus length, 5.0 timeslonger than distal width, tapering slightly pro-ximally, unarmed; basis short, about 0.3 ofischium length; coxa robust. Fourth and fifthpereiopod similar; fifth with rows of serratedcleaning setae distolaterally and fewer ventralspines.Endopod of male first pleopod about 3.0times longer than wide, distal three fourthsslightly expanded with small distomediallobule; proximal fourth ofmedial margin withthree plumose setae and two short simplespines; distal two thirds of lateral margin with15 short plumose setae. Endopod of male sec-ond pleopod with appendix interna exceedingappendix masculina, slender, about 11.5 timeslonger than distal width with small group ofconcinni distally: appendix masculina ca. 6.0times longer than wide, seven long simplesetae along distolateral margin, four short,finely serrulate setae along distoventralaspect.Protopodite of uropod with posterolateralangle acute; exopod slightly exceeding telson,ca. 2.5 times longer than wide, lateral borderstraight, strong acute tooth distally with ro-bust mobile spine medially; endopod nar-rower, ca. 3.3 times longer than wide,subequal to exopod length.The ova are numerous and small, about0.5 mm in length.MEASUREMENTS: Postorbital carapacelengths (mm); Tasmanian specimens, (i) 34.7;ovig. ~ 3.0, 4.2, 4.7 (ii) 34.6, ~(nonovig.) 5.1,5.3. (iii) New Zealand specimens, 34.2,~(ovig.) 5.3,5.6,5.6, (nonovig.) 4.4.COLORATION: Mainly transparent in lifewith red pigmentation. Carapace with scat-tered red chromatophores, most concentratedon the mid-dorsal region, with a transversebar across base ofantennal peduncles, on first,second, and third maxillipeds; first, third,and fourth pereiopods. Second pereiopodwith prominent spot on margin of&&JBiI>&! &&Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni-BRuCE AND CROPP 197fixed finger, and series of spots along in-ner borders of other segments. Abdomenspeckled with red, with irregular red bars ex-tending across ventral aspect and extendingdown peduncles ofpleopods, more diffuse dis-tally. Uropods and telson lightly speckledwith red.HABITAT: Specimens have been collectedfrom 1 to 30 m, but specimens from shallowwater are mainly juveniles. Found mainlyover muddy sand substrates, generally withabundant Polysiphonia and Giffordia and les-ser amounts of Ceramium. Often found incompany with Nauticaris marionis (Bate).PARASITES: The single male Tasmanianspecimen studied has a large, clearly visibleparasitic worm (Nematomorpha?) filling mostof the anterodorsal gastric region of the ceph-alothorax. In some samples up to about 30percent of shrimps may be similarly infected.A few shrimps have also been found infectedby an unidentified bopyrid parasite.SYSTEMATIC POSITION: Kemp (1925), afterexamining the holotype specimen, concluded,with reservation, that this species was to beplaced in the genus Periclimenes and was mostclosely related to a well-known anemone-associate, P. brevicarpalis (Schenkel). Al-though apparently a free-living species, P.yaldwyni is without a well-developed medianprocess on the fourth thoracic sternite and isnot therefore closely related to the majorgroup of free-living species, the P. grandisgroup. The form of dactyl of the ambulatorypereiopods closely resembles those of otherprobably free-living species and contrastswith those of many commensal species, mostof which have a biunguiculate dactyl, al-though in P. brevicarpalis this is generallyobsolete and only infrequently present (Bruce1979). Of the presently known Indo-WestPacific species of Periclimenes, P. yaldwyniappears most closely related to the Japanesespecies P. akiensis Kubo, so far known onlyby the type material, from shallow weedywater at Simokamogari, Aki Province,Shikoku (Kubo 1936). Periclimenes yaldwynidiffers from P. akiensis in having a deeperrostral lamina, hepatic spine closer to anten-nal spine, less posterodorsally produced thirdabdominal tergite, better developed disto-lateral spine on scaphocerite, carpus of firstpereiopod subequal to chela length, more rob-ust carpi on second pereiopods, more stronglyarmed propods on ambulatory pereiopods,and better developed dorsal telson spines. Thescaphognathite also appears to be ofsignificantly different shape in the two species,with the anterior lobe broadly rounded in P.yaldwyni and narrowly pointed in P. akiensis.The eye in P. yaldwyni is also comparativelyshort and stout, in comparison with P. akien-sis, in which the stalk is much longer and moreslender.DISCUSSIONFew shallow water marine carideanshrimps have been found to occur in bothNew Zealand and Australian waters, but thediscovery of P. yaldwyni in Tasmania cannotbe considered as really surprising in view ofthe similarity of the ecological situations.Only two other palaemonid shrimps have sofar been reported as occurring in both regions.One is Palaemon affinis, a common species onNew Zealand shores, also reported fromQueensland, New South Wales, Victoria,South Australian, and Tasmanian waters, aswell as the Chatham Islands and CampbellIsland (Holthuis 1950). However, a detaileddescription has only recently become avail-able and Yaldwyn (1954) considered thatall Australian records are unsubstantiated.The second is the cosmopolitan Leandertenuirostris.The shallow water marine carideans so faridentified as occurring in both Australian andNew Zealand waters are summarized below.Palaemonidae1. Leander tenuicornis (Say)2. Palaemon affinis (H. Milne-Edwards)3. Periclimenes yaldwyni HolthuisAlpheidae4. Alpheus euphrosyne De Man5. Alpheus novaezealandiae Miers.6. Alpheus socialis Heller198Ogyrididae7. Ogyrides delli YaldwynHippolytidae8. Nauticaris marionis BateWith one exception, all of these shrimpshave a restricted Australia-New Zealand dis-tribution. The exception, Leander tenuicornis,is ofwidespread distribution throughout tem-perate and tropical zones of the Atlantic, In-dian, and western Pacific Oceans, but therehave been no records from eastern Pacificwaters or the American west coast. In contrastto the other shrimps, which are probably ofstrictly benthic habits, L. tenuicornis is com-monly found in free floating Sargassum.ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe are most grateful to J. C. Yaldwyn forthe loan of comparative material from NewZealand.LITERATURE CITEDBRUCE, A. J. 1979. A report on a small collec-tion of pontoniine shrimps from EniwetokAtoll. Crustaceana, suppl. 5: 209-230, figs.1-7, pI. I.BATE, C. S. 1888. Report on the CrustaceaMacrura collected by H. M. S. Challengerduring the years 1873-76. Rep. Voy. Chal-PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, July 1984lenger, Zool, 24: i-xc, 1-942, figs. 1-76,pis. 1-150.HOLTHUIS, L. B. 1950. Subfamily Palae-moninae. The Palaemonidae collected bythe Siboga and Snellius expeditions, withremarks on other species. I. The Decapodaof the Siboga Expedition, X. Siboga Exped.Mon. 39a9 : 1-268, figs. I-52.--- 1959. Results of the examination ofthe type specimens of some species belong-ing to the subfamilies Pontoniinae andPalaemoninae (Crustacea Decapoda Mac-rura). Zool. Meded., Leiden 36(ii):193-200, fig. I.KEMP, S. 1925. On various Caridea. Noteson Crustacea Decapoda in the IndianMuseum. XVII. Rec. Indian Mus.27:249-343,figs.I-24.KUBO, I. 1936. Two new littoral macrurouscrustaceans from Japan. J. Imp. Fish. Inst.31(2):47-54, pis. 14-15, tab. I.RICHARDSON, L. R. and J. C. YALDWYN. 1958.A guide to the natant decapod crustacea(Shrimps and Prawns) of New Zealand.Tuatera 7(1): 17-41, figs. I-50.YALDWYN, J. C. 1954. Studies on Palaemonaffinis M.-Edw. 1837 (Crustacea, Deca-poda, Natantia). Pt. 1. Synonymy and ex-ternal morphology. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z.lQ(1): 169-187, figs. 1-2.--- 1974. Shrimps and prawns. N.Z. Nat.Herit. 3(38): 1041-1046.

A Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis (Brachycarpus audouini Bate, 1888, Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and Its Occurrence in Australian Waters

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A Redescription of Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis (Brachycarpus audouini Bate, 1888, Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and Its Occurrence in Australian Waters

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