This paper investigates ways that the liberal states of the EU (with comparative references to the U.S.) reconcile efforts to control the movement of people with those to promote free borders, open markets and liberal standards. It identifies the proliferation and diversification of ‘non-state actors,’ defined as a diverse group of collective actors who have the economic and/or political resources to facilitate or curtail travel, migration and return. The paper particularly focuses on the role of airline and travel carriers as private actors who serve as agents of the state-an extension of “remote control immigration policy.” The implications of these non-state actors for theories of state sovereignty and regional integration are assessed
