Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is generally regarded as an objective and reproducible measure of recent habitual physical activity (PA).  Considering that the majority of daily PA is performed at light intensity, it is likely that CRF benefits will be detected at submaximal rather than maximal exercise.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate daily minutes of light (LIPA), moderate (MIPA) and vigorous (VIPA) intensity physical activity among men with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to determine the relation between PA and submaximal (oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES)) and maximal (V̇O2 peak) indices of CRF. 

Methods: A total 32 male participants (mean ( SD): age of 60.0 ± 8.7 yr, V̇O2 peak (L/min) 2.0  0.45, V̇O2 peak (mL/kg/min) 23.3  5.7, were recruited during an induction to a community based exercise referral program following completion of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation.  Participants underwent a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with breath by breath open circuit spirometry after which they wore a wrist worn accelerometer (Actigraph) for 7 d.  Absolute and relative submaximal OUES were calculated by plotting V̇O2 in mL/min on the x axis, and the log transformed VE on the y axis (V̇O2 = a log 10 VE + b).  Exercise data up to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was included in the analysis. 

Results: Participants performed 589.05  69.41 min of daily LIPA, 161.38  66.16 min of MIPA and no daily min of VIPA.  There was no significant relation between peak V̇O2 and either LIPA or MIPA.  There was a significant correlation between submaximal OUES (r=0.44; p<0.01) and LIPA.  The relation between submaximal OUES/kg and LIPA min almost reached statistical significance (r=0.33; p<0.07).  There was no significant relation between MIPA and OUES or OUES/kg.  

Conclusion:  Men with CVD spend the majority (78%) of their day performing LIPA.  OUES, a submaximal measure of CRF was related LIPA whereas no relation was found between V̇O2 peak and LIPA

Kelly, Sarah M.

McCarren, Andrew

McCormack, Ciara

McDermott, Clare M.

Moran, Kieran

Moyna, Niall

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is generally regarded as an objective and reproducible measure of recent habitual physical activity (PA).  Considering that the majority of daily PA is performed at light intensity, it is likely that CRF benefits will be detected at submaximal rather than maximal exercise.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate daily minutes of light (LIPA), moderate (MIPA) and vigorous (VIPA) intensity physical activity among men with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to determine the relation between PA and submaximal (oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES)) and maximal (V̇O2 peak) indices of CRF. \ud
Methods: A total 32 male participants (mean ( SD): age of 60.0 ± 8.7 yr, V̇O2 peak (L/min) 2.0  0.45, V̇O2 peak (mL/kg/min) 23.3  5.7, were recruited during an induction to a community based exercise referral program following completion of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation.  Participants underwent a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with breath by breath open circuit spirometry after which they wore a wrist worn accelerometer (Actigraph) for 7 d.  Absolute and relative submaximal OUES were calculated by plotting V̇O2 in mL/min on the x axis, and the log transformed VE on the y axis (V̇O2 = a log 10 VE + b).  Exercise data up to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was included in the analysis. \ud
Results: Participants performed 589.05  69.41 min of daily LIPA, 161.38  66.16 min of MIPA and no daily min of VIPA.  There was no significant relation between peak V̇O2 and either LIPA or MIPA.  There was a significant correlation between submaximal OUES (r=0.44; p<0.01) and LIPA.  The relation between submaximal OUES/kg and LIPA min almost reached statistical significance (r=0.33; p<0.07).  There was no significant relation between MIPA and OUES or OUES/kg.  \ud
Conclusion:  Men with CVD spend the majority (78%) of their day performing LIPA.  OUES, a submaximal measure of CRF was related LIPA whereas no relation was found between V̇O2 peak and LIPA

Moyna, Niall M.

Name not available

Physical Activity Patterns and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Men with Cardiovascular DiseaseCiara M McCormack1,3, Clare M McDermott1,3, Sarah M Kelly1, Andrew McCarren2,3 , Kieran Moran1,3, Niall M Moyna1,31School of Health and Human Performance, 2School of Computing and  3Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandPurpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is generally regarded as an objectiveand reproducible measure of recent habitual physical activity (PA). Consideringthat the majority of daily PA is performed at light intensity, it is likely that CRFbenefits will be detected at submaximal rather than maximal exercise. Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate daily minutes of light (LIPA), moderate(MIPA) and vigorous (VIPA) intensity physical activity among men withcardiovascular disease (CVD), and to determine the relation between PA andsubmaximal (oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES)) and maximal (V̇O2 peak)indices of CRF.Methods: A total 32 male participants (mean ( SD): age of 60.0 ± 8.7 yr, V̇O2peak (L/min) 2.0  0.45, V̇O2 peak (mL/kg/min) 23.3  5.7, were recruited during aninduction to a community based exercise referral program following completion ofphase 2 cardiac rehabilitation. Participants underwent a graded exercise test on acycle ergometer with breath by breath open circuit spirometry after which they worea wrist worn accelerometer (Actigraph) for 7 d. Absolute and relative submaximalOUES were calculated by plotting V̇O2 in mL/min on the x axis, and the logtransformed VE on the y axis (V̇O2 = a log 10 VE + b). Exercise data up to theventilatory anaerobic threshold was included in the analysis.Results: Participants performed 589.05  69.41 min of daily LIPA, 161.38  66.16min of MIPA and no daily min of VIPA. There was no significant relation betweenpeak V̇O2 and either LIPA or MIPA. There was a significant correlation betweensubmaximal OUES (r=0.44; p<0.01) and LIPA. The relation between submaximalOUES/kg and LIPA min almost reached statistical significance (r=0.33; p<0.07).There was no significant relation between MIPA and OUES or OUES/kg.Conclusion: Men with CVD spend the majority (78%) of their day performing LIPA.  OUES, a submaximal measure of CRF was related LIPA whereas no relation was found between V̇O2 peak and LIPA.Men (n=32) with documented CVD were recruited during an induction to acommunity based exercise referral program after completion of phase 2(hospital based) CR program. Physiological and physical characteristicsand cardiovascular events and medications are summarized in the table.LIPA accounted for 78% of PA undertaken during waking hours.No VIPA was undertaken during the 7 d period.There was a sig. relation between submax OUES and LIPA (r=0.44; p<0.01).The relation between submaximal OUES/kg and LIPA min almost reachedstatistical significance (r=0.33; p<0.07).No significant relation between V̇O2 peak and either LIPA or MIPA.No significant relation between MIPA and OUES or OUES/kg.Physical activity (PA) is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletalmuscle that results in the expenditure of energy and can be classified as LIPA(1.6-2.9 METs), MIPA (3.0-5.9 METs) and VIPA (6.0 METs). Habitual PAreduces morbidity and mortality in patients with established CVD.A high level of CRF measured as VO2 peak is associated with a significantreduction in cardiovascular mortality in individuals with establishedatherosclerotic CVD. However, changes in VO2 peak are relatively small inCVD patients following participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A numberof submaximal CRF indices may improve independent of changes in VO2peakand are also used to assess functional capacity.OUES is an effort independent submaximal CRF parameter that is derivedfrom the linear relation of V̇O2 (y-axis) versus the logarithm of V̇E (x-axis)during incremental exercise (Fig 1.). OUES provides an estimation of theefficiency of ventilation with respect to V̇O2, with greater slopes indicatinggreater ventilatory efficiency. It is relatively independent of patient-achievedeffort levels and reflects the absolute rate of increase in V̇O2 per 10-foldincrease in ventilation and thereby indicates how effectively oxygen is taken inby the lungs, transported and used in the periphery.ResultsConclusionParticipantsABSTRACT MethodsIntroductionVariable ValuesAge (y) 60.0  8.70̇VO2 peak (L.min-1) 2.00  0.45V̇O2 peak (mL.kg-1.min-1) 23.30  5.70VE (L.min-1) 65.68 ± 21.56Peak workrate (watts) 135.71 ± 40.49Peak heart rate (b.min-1) 134.21 ± 19.58BMI (kg.m2) 29.24 ± 4.10Waist:Hip 0.97 ± 0 .040Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 136.66 ± 17.37Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 84.98 ± 10.99Resting heart rate (b.min-1) 68.24  ± 11.36Cardiovascular EventMI 16 (50)STEMI 9 (28)NSTEMI 6 (19)PCI 25 (78)CABG 2 (3)MedicationsStatins 24 (75)Anti-platelets 24 (75)Beta blockers 22 (68)ACE inhibitors 16 (50)ARB’s 3 (9)Table. Physiological and physical characteristics, cardiovascular events and medicationsMet ds24002800320036004000440048001.60 1.80 2.00 2.20VO2(mL/min)Log VESubmaximal OUESMaximal OUES4050607080901001101202.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0V̇E (L. min-1)V̇O2 (L.min-1)Participants made a single visit to Dublin City University.Height, weight, hip and waist circumference were measured and participantsperformed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with a 12-leadECG.Breath-by-breath gas collected during the CPET was averaged at 20 sintervals.OUES was calculated using the equation; VO2 = a logVE + b where theconstant ‘a’ represents OUES, ‘logVE’ represents the logarithm of VE and theconstant ‘b’ represents the intercept (Figure 1).The ventilatory breakpoint method was used to determine VAT (Figure 2).Exercise data up to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (Figure 2) and V̇O2peak were used to calculate submaximal and max OUES, respectively.Participants wore an accelerometer (Actigraph) continuously for 7 d.Values are mean  SD and total number (percentage)Figure 1. Max and submax OUES calculation Figure 2. Calculation of VATMen with documented CVD accumulate their daily min of PA by undertakingprimarily repeated bouts of LIPA. No VIPA was undertaken during the 7 dperiod. The findings indicate that measures of maximal/peak metabolic ratemay lack external validity with the regard to the daily challenges faced by theO2 transport and utilization pathways in men with CVD and a low functionalcapacity. OUES may be a more useful parameter for quantifying functionalcapacity in this cohort.Presented at the American College of Sports Medicine Annual Conference, Minneapolis, USA, May 2018

Physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness in men with cardiovascular disease

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is generally regarded as an objective and reproducible measure of recent habitual physical activity (PA).  Considering that the majority of daily PA is performed at light intensity, it is likely that CRF benefits will be detected at submaximal rather than maximal exercise.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate daily minutes of light (LIPA), moderate (MIPA) and vigorous (VIPA) intensity physical activity among men with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to determine the relation between PA and submaximal (oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES)) and maximal (V̇O2 peak) indices of CRF. 
Methods: A total 32 male participants (mean ( SD): age of 60.0 ± 8.7 yr, V̇O2 peak (L/min) 2.0  0.45, V̇O2 peak (mL/kg/min) 23.3  5.7, were recruited during an induction to a community based exercise referral program following completion of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation.  Participants underwent a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with breath by breath open circuit spirometry after which they wore a wrist worn accelerometer (Actigraph) for 7 d.  Absolute and relative submaximal OUES were calculated by plotting V̇O2 in mL/min on the x axis, and the log transformed VE on the y axis (V̇O2 = a log 10 VE + b).  Exercise data up to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was included in the analysis. 
Results: Participants performed 589.05  69.41 min of daily LIPA, 161.38  66.16 min of MIPA and no daily min of VIPA.  There was no significant relation between peak V̇O2 and either LIPA or MIPA.  There was a significant correlation between submaximal OUES (r=0.44; p<0.01) and LIPA.  The relation between submaximal OUES/kg and LIPA min almost reached statistical significance (r=0.33; p<0.07).  There was no significant relation between MIPA and OUES or OUES/kg.  
Conclusion:  Men with CVD spend the majority (78%) of their day performing LIPA.  OUES, a submaximal measure of CRF was related LIPA whereas no relation was found between V̇O2 peak and LIPA

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Physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness in men with cardiovascular disease

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