In 2000 the Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, was introduced and a group of 66 chemicals, including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals were listed as chosen priority pollutants. The levels of these priority pollutants in the environment are regulated by set environmental quality standards (EQSs) and are affected by a number of emission factors including anthropogenic activities, population equivalents, and weather. In order for these EQSs to be enforced, regular monitoring of all water bodies must be carried out, a process which is both costly and time consuming

Jones, Lisa

Lawlor, Antoin

Regan, Fiona

Name not available

Determination of Priority Substances in Wastewater using SPE, LCMS and GCMS  Lisa Jones*, Antoin Lawlor, Fiona Regan.  1NCSR, Dublin City University, Ireland. lisa.a.jones@gmail.com   Introduction In 2000 the Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, was introduced and a group of 66 chemicals, including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals were  listed as chosen priority pollutants. The levels of these priority pollutants in the environment are regulated by set environmental quality standards (EQSs) and are affected by a number of emission factors including anthropogenic activities, population equivalents, and weather. In order for these EQSs to be enforced, regular monitoring of all water bodies must be carried out, a process which is both costly and time consuming.  WWTP: Ringsend Swords Ballincollig   Bandon Charleville Fermoy Mallow Ringaskiddy Population Equivalent 1,900,000 50,000 26,000 20,000 15,000 20,000 18,000 97,556 Main contributions Industrial and  domestic Domestic and agriculture Domestic and  Industrial Level of treatment Tertiary Secondary None Type of sample Grab Composite Grab Composite Wastewater effluent was the chosen medium for this study for a because it is:  A major point-source input to surface waters Responsible for localised EQS exceedances Often upstream of drinking water abstraction Controllable. This study involved the analysis of samples from 8 WWTPs in both Cork and Dublin, Ireland, for priority pollutants, Table 1.  Table 1 – Comparison of WWTPs included in this study, with the largest sites; Ringsend and Swords, located in County Dublin, and the rest of the sites located in County Cork.  0200000400000600000800000100000012000000.00E+005.00E-051.00E-041.50E-042.00E-042.50E-0410/09/2009 10/01/2010 10/05/2010FLOW m3/day Anthracene FluorantheneBenzo-b/k-fluoranthene Benzo-a-pyrene Indeno-1,2,3cd-pyreneBenzo-ghi-peryleneConc. (µg/L) Flow m3/day Increased rainfall brings forward stale sewage in a flushing effect, increasing priority pollutant loads. PAHs are released from motor vehicles as particulates which settle on the roads and are washed into the sewers during periods of rainfall.   Increased rainfall and thus increased total suspended solids content increase the PAH levels; it was found that the more water soluble PAHs (e.g. anthracene) increased more than the less water soluble PAHs (e.g. benzo-ghi-perylene) as they were likely adsorbed onto the solid material.   Figures 3,4 -  Relation of flow through a WWTP and PAH concentration, with the insert highlighting the value of intensive sampling data. Relation of PAH concentration to total suspended solids levels in WWTP effluent.  Parameter AA EQS (µg L-1) LOD  SPE-GCMS  (µg L-1) Freq. (N=71) Range         Min Max Naphthalene 1.2 0.0001 48 1.07 x 10-4 0.035 Anthracene 0.1 0.0005 27 6.30 x 10-4 0.013 Fluoranthene 0.1 0.0001 28 1.40 x 10-4 0.0086 Benzo-b/k-fluoranthene Σ=0.003 0.0001 29 1.20 x 10-4 0.0044 Benzo-a-pyrene 0.05 0.0005 19 5.50 x 10-4 0.0036 Indeno-1,2,3cd-pyrene Σ=0.002 0.0005 35 1.55 x 10-4 0.0025 Benzo-ghi-perylene 0.0005 20 5.90 x 10-4 0.0032 Conclusions Table 2 – Summary of results for one group of the priority pollutants, the PAHs.  0510152025300.00E+005.00E-061.00E-051.50E-052.00E-052.50E-0515/10/2009 15/11/2009 15/12/2009 15/01/2010TSS mg/L Anthracene FluorantheneBenzo-b/k-fluoranthene Benzo-a-pyrene Indeno-1,2,3cd-pyreneBenzo-ghi-peryleneConc. (µg/L) TSS (mg L-1) This project is funded by the EPA as part of the Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for the Environment (STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013. This programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007–2013.   Results Methods Strata-X (Pest.) Strata C-18 (PAH) PAHs 02000004000006000008000001000000Time (min)                    15                                                                                                                    Figure 1 shows the SPE procedure for PAH extraction. This method adds a preconcentration factor of 1000. 1 L Sample 2 mL H2O,  dry vacuum 2 mL; ACN, MeOH,  H2O 2 x 2 mL ACN Figure 2 - Separation of PAHs; a) naphthalene, b) anthracene, c) fluoranthene, d + e) benzo-b- and benzo-k-fluoranthene, f) benzo-a-pyrene, g) benzo-ghi-perylene and h) indeno-123 cd-pyrene Figure 1 -  SPE methods used for extraction, gives preconcentration factor of x1000 

Determination of priority substances in wastewater using SPE, LCMS and GCMS

DCU Online Research Access Service

Irish Universities

http://doras.dcu.ie/18589/1/Lisa_Jones__-_HPLC_Poster_2011.pdf

Determination of priority substances in wastewater using SPE, LCMS and GCMS

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Name not available

DCU Online Research Access Service

Irish Universities