Jones, Lisa

McHugh, Brendan

Regan, Fiona

Ronan, Jenny

Name not available

Passive Sampling in Monitoring of New and Emerging Compounds – An Irish PerspectiveLisa Jones, Jenny Ronan, Brendan McHugh, Fiona ReganOutline• Project description– Background– Sampling sites– Analytes– Pharmaceuticals– Cypermethrin study• Conclusions• Future workPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityProject description• EPA funded 3 year project• Role of PS as a screening and monitoring tool for new and emerging chemicals• Role of PS as a surrogate for biota monitoring• Qualitative/quantitative screening of selected substances in a number of Irish waters representative of different pressures• Case studies on emerging compounds and pharmaceuticals using a catchment approachPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityTarget AnalytesPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityEPA Sampler type Water BiotaEDCs and pharmaceuticalsCompoundPOCISY Y17b estradiol (E2) Y Y17a ethynyl estradiol (EE2) Y YDiclofenac Y YAlkylphenols Y YOrganohalogensHCBPDMSY YHeptachlor Y YHeptachlor epoxide Y YHBCDD Y YPCBs Y YPBDEs Y YHCBD Y YDioxins and dioxin-like compounds Y YPFOS PFOS POCIS Y YTarget AnalytesPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCompound group Compound Sampler type Water BiotaPAHNaphthalenePDMSY YAnthracene Y YFluoranthene Y YBenzo-a-pyrene Y YBenzo-b-fluoranthene Y YBenzo-k-fluoranthene Y YIndeno-1,2,3cd-pyrene Y YBenzo-g,h,i-perylene Y YPesticidesAclonifenPOCISY YBifenox Y YCybutryn Y YTerbutryn Y YQuinoxyfen Y YDichlorvos PDMS Y YDicofol Y YCypermethrin SPMD/PDMS Y NTarget Monitoring StationsPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCounty Site Rationale POCIS PDMS Water Mussels Fish (IFI)CorkInchigeelagh Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Inniscarra Downstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Shandon Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Lough Mahon Riverine/transitional  ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Outer bay Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓DublinPoolbeg High pressure coastal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Osberstown Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Lucan Bridge Downstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Kilcullen Bridge Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Galway Kilkieran Bay Coastal reference ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Mayo Burrishoole Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓DonegalGlen Lackagh 1 Cypermethrin study SPMD ✓ ✓ EPA Benthic kick samplingGlen Lackagh 2 Cypermethrin study SPMD ✓ ✓Dublin City UniversityPassive Sampling Lisa JonesProject approach to further incorporating PS into operational monitoring programmesDublin City UniversityPassive Sampling Lisa JonesProtocol for Passive Sampler Deployment - POCIS• EA lab/NLS guidelines for POCIS• Sent in sealed canisters• On site samplers and field blanksexposed to same conditions• 4 week deployment time has beenoptimizedPOCIS canister**Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityProtocol for Passive Sampler Deployment - PDMS• ICES TIMES no. 52* for PDMS• 5.5 x 9 cm rectangles• Oligomers removed and PRCs spikedRecord:• GPS co-ordinates• Date and time of deployment• Salinity• Water temperature*ICES TIMES no. 52. 2012. Guidelines for passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants in water  using silicone rubberPDMS sheet attachment*POCIS canister**Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCatchment Approach• WFD: comprehensive catchment based approach to water management• Identify point sources and pathways of pollution• More targeted approach to monitoring of emerging and priority compounds in water • Combination of catchment based approaches and focused water and passive sampler analysis for surveillance and investigative monitoring Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityOverview of Irish agencies with potential information relating to priority substances in Irish watersEPA RBDs DAFF LAs Other (14 Agencies)Surface water ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 othersGroundwater ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 othersLandfill ✓ ✓Mining ✓Stormwater/runoff 1 otherWWTPs ✓ ✓Industry ✓ ✓ ✓Agriculture ✓ ✓ 2 othersForestry ✓ 2 othersLegislation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 othersDomestic households 1 otherAirports ✓Aquaculture ✓ 2 othersUBS PAH UB S 7PCBs UB S PBDEs α-HCH g-HCH HCB UB S 7OCsMutton Island 6.13 120 n.a 1.77 1.35 0.12 6.10Dublin Port 32.6 843 n.a 1.74 10.4 n.d 20.2Bantry Bay 8.86 54.6 n.a 0.73 2.22 0.03 6.45Omey  Island 3.18 371 n.a 0.51 0.09 n.d 0.89Cork 1 31.8 858 n.a 5.52 6.17 0.2 18.2Cork 2 27.1 824 n.a 5.39 6.09 0.2 17.6Wexford  Harbour 28.2 126 n.a 4.87 6.09 0.06 13.8Shannon 30.8 158 n.a 8.12 6.12 0.12 15.2NWA Seaboard 4.08 44.5 0.004 2.38 2.61 n.d 4.99Gweebarra  Bay 9.18 76.9 0.010 <0.01 0.03 n.d 0.56Erne  Estuary 34.6 126 0.016 5.02 3.99 n.d 10.1Furnace Lough 7.23 50.1 0.009 4.02 3.47 n.d 7.51Kilkieiran 9.08 11.4 0.010 0.13 0.04 n.d 0.25Lower  Shannon 22.8 51.3 0.013 2.60 2.94 n.d 8.72Upper  Shannon 30.5 139 0.038 4.18 3.66 n.d 12.8Limerick Dock 38.9 304 0.064 7.62 4.70 n.d 13.4Upper Blackwater 27.2 69.5 n.a 2.04 3.01 n.d 6.29New  Ross 38.6 252 0.067 1.83 2.74 n.d 4.75Upper  Barrow 34.3 64.2 0.052 6.74 4.34 n.d 11.5Nore  Estuary 34.5 71.5 0.085 3.62 2.58 n.d 10.5Upper  Slaney 22.0 114 0.083 1.74 0.78 n.d 4.20Passive sampling data from WFD sites (ng L-1)Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCork CatchmentCork 2013-2014• Methodology– LC-MS/MS– GC-MS/MS• PS deployment– Biota– POCIS (DCU) +PDMS (MI)– Water samples• Catchment-based approach• marine/estuarine• freshwater• Link to WFD PDMS and POCIS pre and post deploymentCatchment approach in Lee catchment , CorkPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityTarget Monitoring StationsPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCounty Site Rationale POCIS PDMS Water Mussels Fish (IFI)CorkInchigeelagh Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Inniscarra Downstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Shandon Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Lough Mahon Riverine/transitional  ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Outer bay Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓DublinPoolbeg High pressure coastal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Osberstown Riverine/transitional ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Lucan Bridge Downstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Kilcullen Bridge Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Galway Kilkieran Bay Coastal reference ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓Mayo Burrishoole Upstream river ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓DonegalGlen Lackagh 1 Cypermethrin study SPMD ✓ ✓ EPA Benthic kick samplingGlen Lackagh 2 Cypermethrin study SPMD ✓ ✓Cork oestrogen resultsMatrixLough AlluaInchigeelaghIniscarra ShandonLoughMahonCork Outer HarbourAnalyte Units 2013EE2POCISng L-1 <0.04 0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04E2 ng L-1 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.06 0.05EE2Waterng L-1* nd nd nd nd ndE2 ng L-1* nd nd nd nd ndAnalyte Units 2014EE2POCISng L-1 <0.04 0.06 0.09 <0.04 <0.13E2 ng L-1 <0.04 <0.04 0.07 <0.04 <0.12EE2Waterng L-1* nd nd nd nd ndE2 ng L-1* nd nd nd nd nd*LOD water samples by LC-MS/MS: E1: 0.07 ng L-1 E2: 0.07 ng L-1, EE2, 0.11 ng L-1. 5 L sample n = 2Effective sampling rates POCIS (ng/sampler/day)*:  E1: 0.39, E2: 0.46, EE2: 0.235EQS:  EE2 (0.007 ng L-1)  E2 (0.08 ng L-1)Upstream DownstreamPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCypermethrin StudyCypermethrin study• Persistent pyrethroid insecticide. • Cypermethrin kills invertebrates and although it has a short half-life (<2 weeks) it can have lasting effects.• Sites selected based on pressures from agriculture, forestry and aquaculture.• Large dataset of usage and occurrence reports has been compiledPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City University• Aim to study the effects of upstream activity and the occurrence of cypermethrin using passive sampling.• NIEA and UK EA began surveillance monitoring in 2013.• EPA advised on site selection in Donegal:– Upstream and downstream sites in Glen Lackagh– Based on previous benthic kick sampling (q values)– Integration of chemistry and biologyCypermethrin studyPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityCypermethrin studyPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityMatrixGlen Lackagh UpstreamGlen Lackaghmidstream A*Glen Lackagh midstream BGlen Lackagh midstream CGlen Lackagh Bridge*Units 2014April Water ng L-1 1.17 - - - 1.08 May Water ng L-1 1.47 1.67 1.38 1.73 1.78SPMD ng L-1 <70 - - - <70PDMS ++ - - - +++EQS: 0.08 ng L-1Cypermethrin Study: Conclusions • An extension for further study in Donegal wasgranted in 2014.• 5 sites were sampled in 2015.• Water samples were collected and outsourcedto NIEA for analysis.• PDMS was used for a cypermethrin screen.• All sites were positive for cypermethrin aboveEQS limits.• EPA requested report.Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City University3 Sensitive/potentially impacted sites 2 Control sitesGlen Lackagh Downstream3.4 – 1.4 ng L-1Big Burn2.0 – <0.1 ng L-1Glen Lackagh Upstream2.9 – 0.2 ng L-1Owenveagh0.6 – 0.8 ng L-1Clogher Finn1.5 – 1.2 ng L-1EQS: 0.08 ng L-1ConclusionsEnvironmental challenges and solutions• PS addresses challenges of detecting at low EQS– Dissolved vs total water concentration remains an issue• Time-integrated measurements• Easy to deploy and analyse– Simpler matrix– Lack of confounding biological factors– Suitable for “temporal” trend monitoring (and for surveillance/screening) and for co-deployment with biota• Ongoing development of modelling and partition coefficients will drive capabilitiesPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityThe Way Forward• It is proposed that:– PS could become part of a larger strategy for monitoring;– There is a role for PS in a risk-based screening approach to operational monitoring;– PS is applicable in trend monitoring (feeding into risk based assessments);– There is a need to develop a plan defining how to implement PS for the purposes of trend monitoring. Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityFuture work• Investigating potential sources and environmental fates of 11 phthalates• Wastewater, surface water, soil, sludge, recycled materials, leachate, passive sampling• Poster 11 for more information@phthalatesDCU@irishwaterstudyPassive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityAcknowledgementsThis project is funded by the EPA as part of the Science,Technology, Research and Innovation for the Environment(STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013. This programme is financed bythe Irish Government under the National Development Plan2007–2013. It is administered on behalf of the Department ofthe Environment, Heritage and Local Government by theEnvironmental Protection Agency, which has the statutoryfunction of co-ordinating and promoting environmentalresearch.Special thanks to the RSC and Marine Institute for funding thistravel.Passive Sampling Lisa JonesDublin City UniversityThank you for your attention!

Passive sampling in monitoring of new and emerging compounds - an Irish perspective

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Passive sampling in monitoring of new and emerging compounds - an Irish perspective

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