On-farm energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in the context of rising energy costs and concerns over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Energy inputs represent a major and rapidly increasing cost to the growers around the world. This entry reviews the currently available tools and technologies for conducting on-farm energy audits/assessments. Opportunities to reduce

operational energy inputs and impacts on GHG emissions are also discussed

Baillie, Craig

Chen, Guangnan

English

University of Southern Queensland ePrints

Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology    DOI: 10.1081/E-EEE   ISBN: 0-8493-3653-8; eISBN: 0-8493-3896-4   Last Updated: 28 Feb 2012   Publisher: Taylor & Francis  Editors  Sohail Anwar is an Associate Professor of Engineering at the Altoona College of The Pennsylvania State University. In addition, he is a Professional Associate of the Management Development Programs and Services at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.   Dr. Anwar is currently serving as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Engineering Technology, Associate Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Engineering Research and Innovation, Executive Editor of the International Journal of Modern Engineering, and an Associate Editor of the Journal of The Pennsylvania Academy of Science. In addition, he is serving as the Series Editor of the Nanotechnology and Energy Series, Taylor and Francis Group/CRC Press.   Dr. Anwar recently edited Nanotechnology for Telecommunications, published by Taylor and Francis Group/CRC Press in June 2010. Moreover, he is co-editing a book, Advanced Nanoelectronics and Graphene Nanoribbon Technology, to be published by Taylor and Francis Group/CRC Press in 2012. He is also editing Handbook of Research on Solar Energy Systems and Technologies, to be published by IGI Global Press in 2012. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering & Technology, published by Taylor and Francis Group.   Dr. Anwar is a Senior Member of IEEE, and a Member of ASEE, ATMAE, and PAS. He is currently serving as a member of the IEEE Committee on Technology Accreditation Activities (CTAA). In addition, he is an Alternate Commissioner of the Technology Accreditation Commission (TAC) of ABET.   Peer Review Board  Imad Abouzahr, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, U.S.A.  Cajetan M. Akujuobi, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.A.  Chris Bachmann, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, U.S.A.  M. Affan Badar, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A.  Radian Belu, Drexel University, Reno, Nevada, U.S.A.  Thomas Bellarmine, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida. U.S.A.  Kaninika Bhatnagar, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, U.S.A.  Shaobiao Cai, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Majid Chatsaz, Pennsylvania State University, Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.  Raj Desai, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, U.S.A.  John Edgerton, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.  Reda Elias, DeVry University, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.  Patrick Favier, IUT Bethune, France, Bethune, France  David W. Gore, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, U.S.A.  Phil Hofmeyer, Morrisville State College, Morrisville, New York, U.S.A.  Ibraheem Kateeb, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A.  Maurie C. Kelly, Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Mohammad Kurdi, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Guido F. Lopez, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A.  Mark Patrick Mahoney, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, U.S.A.  Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A.  Prakash Menon, Post University and University of Maryland University College, Adelphi, Maryland, U.S.A.  Sam Mryyan, Friends University, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.A.  Maciej A. Noras, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.A.  Basile Panoutsopoulos, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, U.S.A.  Hirak Patangia, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A.  Mulchand Rathod, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.  Earl Robinson, Excelsior University, Albany, New York, U.S.A.  Ed Sell, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Shirish Shah, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, U.S.A.  Jeffrey E. Short, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma, U.S.A.  Ahmad K. Sleiti, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.A.  Tom Spendlove, Baker College of Flint, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A.  Wanhping Sun, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon, U.S.A.  Dartanion Sutton, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A.  Sofia M. Vidalis, Penn State University-Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.  Vincent Vohnout, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Michigan, U.S.A.  Steven R. Walk, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A.  TaiQian Yang, Central Washington University, Des Moines, Washington, U.S.A.  Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, U.S.A.  Jinwen Zhu, Missouri Western State University, Saint Joseph, Missouri, U.S.A.  Bahar Zoghi, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, U.S.A.   Preface Energy engineers and technologists have made efficient and cost effective devices for many years that provide the energy services that society wants and expects. From air conditioners to waste fuels, energy engineers and technologists continue to make our lives comfortable and affordable using limited resources in efficient and renewable ways. Over 300 researchers and practitioners, through 190 entries, provide ready access to the basic principles and applications of energy engineering, as well as advanced applications in the technologies of energy production and use. The global supply of energy is increasingly being stressed to provide for an expanding world population. Energy efficiency, energy conservation through energy management, and use of renewable energy sources are three of the major strategies that in the future will help provide the energy and energy services for the world’s population and the world’s economy. This unique reference contains state of the art progress on the most important topics in this field of energy engineering and technology. All entries in the Encyclopedia have been written by experts in their specialties, and have been reviewed by subject matter authorities. This distinguished group of experts share a wealth of knowledge on topics such as:  •    Energy, energy supplies and energy use  •    Renewable and alternative energy sources  •    Technical, economic and financial analysis of energy systems  •    Energy uses in buildings and industry  •    Energy efficiency and energy conservation opportunities and projects  •    Commissioning, benchmarking, performance contracting, and Measurement and verification  •    Environmental regulation and public policy for energy supply and use  •    Global climate change and carbon control  •    Sustainable buildings and green development  •    Hybrid electric and hydrogen fueled vehicles and maglev transportation The Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology is a key reference work for professionals in academia, business, industry and government, as well as students at all levels. It should be regularly consulted for basic and advanced information to guide students, scholars, practitioners, the public, and policy makers. Contributions address a wide spectrum of theoretical and applied topics, concepts, methodologies, strategies and possible solutions. The Online Edition is a dynamic resource that will grow as time and knowledge progress. Suggestions for additional content are welcomed by the editor, and new authors should contact me at the email address listed below. Preparation of this modern compendium on energy engineering and technology has only been possible through the commitment and hard work of hundreds of energy engineers from around the globe. I want to thank all of the authors for their outstanding efforts to identify major topics of interest for this project, and to write interesting and educational articles based on their areas of expertise. Many of the authors also served a dual function of both writing their own articles, and reviewing the submissions of other authors. Another important group of people were those on the Editorial Board who helped submit topics, organizational ideas, and lists of potential authors for the Encyclopedia. This Board was a great help in getting the actual writing of articles started, as well as many of the Editorial Board members also contributed articles themselves.  Accounting: Facility Energy Use Douglas E. Tripp Published: 7 Feb 2008  Agricultural Applications: Energy Uses and Audits  Guangnan Chen, Craig Baillie Published: 3 Apr 2009 Air Conditioning Systems: Calculating Desiccant Wheels’ Design Parameters Zohrab Melikyan, Ali Abd Elhaleem Ali Fouda Published: 30 Sep 2011  Air Conditioning Systems: Design and Energy Efficiency  Lisa Guan, Guangnan Chen Published: 28 Feb 2012 Aircraft Energy Use K. E. Ohrn Published: 7 Feb 2008  Air Emissions Reductions from Energy Efficiency  Bruce K. Colburn Published: 7 Feb 2008  Air Quality: Indoor Environment and Energy Efficiency  Shirley J. Hansen Published: 7 Feb 2008  Alternative Energy Technologies: Price Effects Michael M. Ohadi, Jianwei Qi Published: 7 Feb 2008  ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2004  Leonard A. Damiano, David S. Dougan Published: 7 Feb 2008   Auditing: Facility Energy Use  Warren M. Heffington Published: 7 Feb 2008  Auditing: Improved Accuracy Barney L. Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart Published: 7 Feb 2008 Auditing: User-Friendly Reports Lynne C. Capehart  

Agricultural applications: energy uses and audits

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Agricultural applications: energy uses and audits

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