Luc, Michel

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i .  
I 1 Nematol. medit. (1981), 9 :  197-199. I % I  
NOTE BREVI - SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 
Laboratoire des Vers, 61, Rue de Buffon 
75005 Paris, France 
BASIROLAIMUS SHAMSI, 1979, A JUNIOR SYNONYM 
OF HOPLOLAIMUS VON DADAY, 1905 (NEMATODA: TYLENCHIDA) 
by 
M. Luc 
In the family Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934 genera with unusually 
large phasmids, called scutella, constitute a group well separated from 
other genera. These genera are usually considered (Andrássy, 1976) as 
constituting by themselves the subfamily Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934. 
Until recently, this subfamily included only four genera: HopZo- 
Zaìmus von Daday, 1905, ScuteZZonenza Andrássy, 1958, AoroZaimus 
Sher, 1963 and PeZtamìgratus Sher, 1963. These four genera are dis- 
tinguished from each other, mainly by the position of the scutella. 
In SeuteZZonema both scutella are opposite, or nearly so, and situated 
on the tail. In PeZtainigratus, the scutella are both situated between 
vulva and anus, but they are not opposite. In HopZoZaimus (with some 
exceptions; see below) and AoroZainzus one scutellum is located an- 
terior to the vulva and the second between the vulva and anus. 
HopZoZaimus aiid AoroZainzus are mainly separated by the structures 
of the head region, in HopZoZaimus the labial area is prominent, well 
set-off, with pronounced transverse striation aiid a more discrete 
complete or incomplete longitudinal striation, the cephalic framework 
is heavily sclerotized, the spear is strong, with large knobs showing 
well developed anterior process( es); in contrast, in AoroZaimus the 
labial area is not so prominent and usually not well set-off, the 
cephalic framework is less sclerotized, the stylet is weaker with less 
massive and rounded basal knobs devoid of anterior processes. Al- 
though HopZoZaimus forms an homogeneous group easily distinguish- 
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. . . . - . . . - - . - .- . 
ed from other genera the species in it show variations in some 
anatomo-morphological characters: 
- number of oesophageal gland nuclei: some species have the usual 
number of three, but five or six are present in the majority of 
species (the number of five observed in some species may be due 
to difficulty in locating the sixth nucleus); 
- the number of lateral lines at mid-body may vary from none to 
four ; 
- a post-rectal intestine sac may be present or not in the females; 
- both the scutella may exceptionnally be located anterior to ( H .  
puertoricensis Ramirez, 1964) or posterior to the vulva (H.  cali- 
fornicus Sher, 1963). 
It is evident that the last three of these variations are insignificant 
and must be regarded only as specific and not generic characters. 
However, variation in the number of oesophageal gland nuclei requires 
further consideration. 
The genus Basirolairntis Shamsi, 1979, with B. seinhorsti (Luc, 
1958) Shamsi, 1979 as type species, was recently proposed to ac- 
comodate species with six (or five?) oesophageal nuclei. The species 
with three nuclei were left in the genus Hoplolaimus. The author 
also described a new species, B. sacchari Shamsi, 1979. 
It is difficult to consider as valid a genus established on such a 
unique character. The presence of six oesophageal gland nuclei is not 
a primary characteristic as it involves a simple duplication of the 
original number. Thus it, can be considered as an intra-generic varia- 
tion in the genus Hoplolaimzrs. To increase, rather artificially, the 
number of genera by reducing each of them to a very restricted 
number of species which are similar to each other, neither serves the 
purpose of determination nor is it helpul in understanding relation- 
ships at the generic level. 
Thus, I believe that Basirolaimus Shamsi, 1979 must be consider- 
ed a junior synonym of HopZolaimus von Daday, 1905. Consequently 
the species listed in this genus have to be transferred back to Hoplo- 
Zaimus as follows: 
Hoplolaimtis seinhorsti Luc, 1958 
= Basirolaimtis seinhorsti (Luc, 1958) Shamsi, 1979 
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7 
Y 
H. colunzbus Sher, 1963 
H. indicus Sher, 1963 
H. aegypti Shafiee et Koura, 1969 
H. chanzbus Jairajpuri et Baqri, 1973 
H. clarissimus Fortuner, 1973 
H.  cephalus Mulk et Jairajpuri, 1976 
H. dimorphicus Mulk et Jairajpuri, 1976 
H. seslzadrii Mullc et Jairajpuri, 1976 
= B. columbus (Sher, 1963) Shamsi 1979 
= B. indicus (Slier, 1963) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. aegypti (Shafiee et Koura, 1969) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. chanzbus (Jairajpuri et Baqri, 1973) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. clarissinzus (Fortuner, 1973) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. cephalus (Mulk et Jairajpuri, 1973) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. dimorphicus (Mulk et Jairajpuri, 1976) Shamsi, 1979 
= B. seshadrii (Mulk et Jairajpuri, 1976) Shamsi, 1979 
i 
Note that the three species H. puei.toricensis Ramirez, 1964, H. sheri 
Suryawanshi, 1971 and H. dubius Chaturvedi, Singh et Khera in  
Chaturvedi et Khera, 1979, although having five or six nuclei in the 
oesophageal lobe, have not been taken into consideration by Shamsi 
(1979). 
HopZoZaimus sacchari (Shamsi, 1979) nov. comb. ( = Basirolaimus 
sacchari Shamsi, 1979) appears to be a valid species, differing from 
all the species of the genus except H .  clarissinzus by the combination 
of six oesophageal nuclei and four lines in the lateral field. From 
this last species H. sacchari differs by a number of characters: lip 
differently shaped with a few longitudinal striations, spear notably 
shorter, absence of epiptygma. 
I 4 
L I T E R A T U R E  C I T E D  
ANDRÁSSY I., 1976. Evolution as a basis for tlze systenzafizatioiz of izernatodes. 
London, San Francisco and Melbourne; Pitnam Publishing: 288 pp. 
SHAMSI M. A., ,1979. Basil-olairizus gen. n. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) with the 
description of Basirolaimus sacchari n. sp. from India. Neinatol. iizedif.. 
7:  15-19. 
H 
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Accepted for publication on 5 January 1981. 
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Basirolaimus Shamsi 1979, a junior synonym of Hoplolaimus von Daday, 1905, (Nematoda : Tylenchida)

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