A total of 433 plankton tows, made in the Indian Ocean between the equator and Madagascar, were examined for the presence of scombrid larvae. In order of abundance, those found were : #Katsuwonus pelamis(73 (15%), #Auxissp.(7 (2%), #Acanthocybium solandri (O.6%), #Thunnus obesus(0.3 (0.3%). The distribution and abundance of larvae were examined in terms of temperature and salinity data collected concurrently. Ranges of both parameters were well within normal limits of larval occurrence. Larvae of #K. pelamis and #T. albacares were most abundant during the summer season. #K. pelamis were scarce at temperatures lower than 24°C, but salinity conditions showed no effect. For #T. albacares temperatures below 27°C correlated with low abundance, and high temperatures and salinities correlated with high abundance. (Résumé d'auteur