Heyns, J.

Luc, Michel

Horizon / Pleins textes

r -  i 
phytophylactìca 19,4144 (1987) 
A FIRST REPORT ON LONGIDORIDAE FROM SWAZILAND 
J. HEYNS' andM. 1 LUC2, 
,/ 
h S T R A &  
Key words: Nematoda, Longidoridae, Swaziland 
The following Longidoridae species are reported from Swaziland Xìphinema elongatum Schuurmans 
Stekhoven 8: Teunissen, Xìphinema mluci Heyns, sensu lato, Xìphinema variabile Heyns, Xìphinema sp. cf. 
variabile, Longidorus laevicapìtatus Williams and Longidorus paramonile Jacobs & Heyns. Measurements of 
all specimens are given, together with some iUustrations for X .  elongatum, X .  variabile and L .  paramonile. 
Uittreksel 
'N EERSTE VERSLAG OOR LONGIDORIDAE UlT SWAZILAND 
Die volgende Longidoridae-spesies word uìt Swaziland aan emeld: Xiphhema elongatum Schuurmans 
Stekhoven & Teunissen, Xiphhema mluci Heyns, sensu lato, &phinema variabile Heyns, Xi hhema sp. 
venvant aan X. variabile, Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams en Longidorus paramonile Jaco& & Heyns. 
Afmetings word verskaf van alle eksemplare, asook eiikele illustrasies van X. elongatum, X. variabile en L. 
paramonile. 
INTRODUCTION 
, During November 1984 the authors collected six soil 
samples at random in Swaziland. Four of these samples 
yielded Longidoridae, which are reported on in this 
paper. As was to be ex cted, the species found corre- 
'nes, Natal and Transvaal. The specimens were killed in 
hot FAA and processed into dehydrated glycerine 
according to Thome's slow method. All slides are in the 
collection of the Department of Zoology, Rand &Yi- 
kaans University. 
spond to those recorde 8" from the neighbouring territo- 
NOTES ON MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRI~UTION 
Xiplhema elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & 
Teunissen, 1938 (Fig. 1 A-E). 
This is one of the commonest longidorid species in 
southern Africa. Heyns (1974) re rted the wide distri- 
bution of this species in South g c a  and regarded it as 
indigenous, because of the many records from virgin 
soil. In the westem Cape, Barbercheck, Smith & Heyns 
(1985) found X. elongatum to be the most common Xi- 
phinema species in vineyards in the Breë River Valley 
while Van Reenen & Heyns (1986) likewise reported it 
to be the commonest Xiphinema species in vineyards in 
the Ber River Valley. Extensive surve s conducted b 
Dr V. 8. Spaull in sugar cane fields in &ata1 revealed 
elongatum to be the dominant longidorid in this area also 
(unpublished data). It is therefore not surprising to find 
this nematode on sugar cane in Swaziland. It was col- 
lected from the rhizosphere of cane on the Manzini Road 
just outside Big Bend. 
Measurements 
Female (n = 6): L = 2,38 mm (2,26-2,46); a = 59,5 
(56,5-62,3); b = 7,O (6,5-8,2); tail = 66 pm (60-70); c 
42,O); odontostyle = 9 5 3  pm (91-102); odontophore = 
58,5 pm (57-61); stylet = 154 pm (149-160); h = 18 
pm (15-22); h% = 27,3 (24-32) 
Juvenile 54 (n = 1): L = 1,9 mm; a = 51,7; b = 6,2; 
tail = 64 pm; c = 29,l; c' = 2,8; odontostyle = 76 pm; 
odontophore = 49 pm; replacement odontostyle = 92 
pm; h = 10 pm; h% = 16 
The specimens agree with the descri tion of South 
= 36,2 (33,4393); c = 2,7 (2,5-29); V = 40,7 (38,5- 
'\ 
IB 
Afiican specimens as given by Heyns (1 9 f 4). 
' De artment of Zoology, Rand Aj@aqs University, Johannesburg 
fboo, south-mca 
Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France 
Received 21 July 1986; accepted for publication 25 July 1986. - 
Ephinema mluci Heyns, 1976 sensu lato (Fig. 1 F-J) 
Six females and two pre-adult juveniles were collected 
with a population of Longidorus paramnile under grass 
sods next to the main road between Mbabane and Piggs 
Peak, 2 km north of the branch road to Oshoek. When 
Heyns (1976) described X. mluci, he indicated that this 
s p i e s  displayed exceptionally wide morphological va- 
nation and distinguished several morphometrically dis- 
tinct but overlappm oups. Recent collections in seve- 
ral areas in South &%a yielded more material of this 
species which is presently being restudied at the Rand 
Afrikaans University by G. Stocker and J. C. de W. 
Kruger. X .  mluci will be redescribed and several closely 
related new species described. The present specimens 
from Swaziland belong to this species complex and are 
provisionally listed asX. mluci sensu lato. 
Measurements 
Female (n = 6): L = 3,79 mm (3,364,15); a = 81,5 
(74,7-98,s); b = 8,9 (7,6-11,O); tail = 150 pm (143- 
4 7 3  (47,049 3); odontostyle 107 pm (104-1 12); odon- 
tophore = 77 pm (71-82); stylet = 184 pm (175-194) 
Juvenile 54 (n = 2): L = 2,70 mm; a = 73; b = 6,O; 
tail = 129 pm; c = 20,9; c1 = 5,2; odontostyle = 91 
pm; odontophore = 70 pm; stylet = 161 pm; replace- 
ment odontostyle = 114 pm; L = 2,88 mm; a = 70,2; b 
= 8,5; tail = 145 pm; c = 19,9; c1 = 5,s; odontostyle = 
93 pm; odontophore = 68 pm; stylet = 161 pm; re- 
placement odontostyle = 108 pm 
Xphhema VariabileHeyns, 1966 (Fig. 2A-C) 
A single female was found under grass sods along the 
Manzini Road about 13 km from Big Bend. 
Female: L = 2,05 mm; a = 75,9; b = 8,2; tail = 43 
pm; c = 47,7; c1 = 2,5; V = 50,7; ondontostyle = 68 
. pm; odontophore = 48 pm; stylet = 116 pm; h = 9 pm; 
h% = 21 
Xiphinema sp. 
In the same sample containing the female of X. varia- 
bile, three unidentifiable males and a juvenile were 
found which resemble X. variabile but differ in some 
important respects. The stylet lengths of these males 
range from 151-154 pm, compared with a maximum 
length of 118 pm (123 pm in the female) in X. variable; 
the spicules are 51-52 pm compared to a maximum of 
42 pm in X. variabile (see Heyns, 1966); moreover, the 
156); c = 26,4 (24,0-28,0); C' = 5,4 (5,1-5,7); V = 
is more sharply defined and the labial area not as 
as inX. variabile. 
41' 
A FIRST REPORT ON LONGIDORIDAE FROM SWAZILAND 
FIG. 1 A-E Xiphinema elongatum. A Head of female. B: Female tail. C Tail of 54. D Body posture of female. E Body posture of 54. 
FJ Xiphinema mluci sensu lato. Fand G Head of female, laterally and dorso-ventrally respectively. H Female tail. I Body p o s a  of 
female. J body posture of J4. 
42 
J. HEYNS & M. LUC 
H 
J 
K I .  
TIG77 A-C. Xiphinema variable. A Female tail. B: Head of female, dorso-ventrally. C: Body posture of female. D-P. Longidorus paramonile. 
DG: Head of J2, J3, 54 and female, respectively. H-K Tail of J2,53, J4 and female, respectively. L Tail of another female. M-P 
Body posture of J2, J3, J4 and female, respectively. 
43 
A FIRST REPORT ON LONGIDORDAE FROM SWAZILAND 
TABLE 1 Biometrical data of Longidoruspurumonile specimens from Swaziland and type specimens from Natal 
Type specimens 
(n = 7) 
?(n = 10) J4 (n = 2) 53 (n = 7) J2 (n = 2, ACC. to Jacobs & 
Heyns (1982) 
L I") 
a 
b 
C 
5,26 (4,374,78) 4,30 3,45 2,62(2,37-2,79) 1,85 1,47 
123 (107-138) 110 111 85,5(78-90) 69 60 
18,3 (15,2-21,1y 15,9 ? 10,1(9,1-10,9) 8,5 6,O 
198 (156-234) 127 123 81 (72-93) 49 47 
V 49,l (47,9-50;5) - - -  - - 
Tail length (pm) 26,7 (24-28) 34 28 33 (29-36) 38 31,5 
Anal bodv diameter (um) 24.3 (22.5-26.5) 26 22.5 22 (20-24.5) 20 16 .. I 
C' 
Body diameter (pm) 
Odontostyle (pm) 
Odontophore (pm) 
Total stylet (fim) 
~~ ~~ 
i,ó9 (i,Óo-i,22j IT31 l,h 1,48(1,3%i,67) 1T90 li97 
43 (3649) 39 31 31 (28-34,5) 27 24,5 
66 (64-67,5) 61 57,5 54 (51-57) 46 45 
43,4 (42-45)b ? ? 40 (37-43) 32 27 
108.5 ~106,5-l10,5)b ? ? 93.8(89.5-100) 78 72 . .  . . ,  
Replacémeni odontostyle (pm) - 69,5 63 60;1(57161,5)' 54 53 
Guiding ring to front (pm) 24,0 (22-27) 23 25 20,6(19,-22) 18,5 18 
Width of lip re 'on (pm) 11,5 (10,5-12,5) ' 11 10 10,1(10-10,5) 9 8 
Length of bas&ulb (pm) 96 (88-109) 86 76 76 (70-84) 65 63 
Width of basal bulb (pm) 13,9 (13-16) 14 17 13,1(11,5-14,5) 12 12 
GI % 5,4 (2,3-8,9)c 
G2 % 6.2 (3.9-8.7) 
- - - - - 
- - - - - 
4,22-5 ,O1 
129-150 
14,7-23,6 
150-208 
4 5 4 9  
22-31., 
-~ 
1,0-1,4 , - 
53-59 
3844 
24-27 
10-1 1 
58-79 
7-13 
- 
- 
- 
- 
d 
1 
- I  
i 
' :n=7  b:n=5 ~ : n = 8  
Male ( n = 3): L = 2,72; 2,77; 2,80 mm; a = 66,3; 
64,2; 66,7; b = 7,5; 6,9; 7,8; tail = 42; 40; 42 pm; c = 
64,8; 69,2; 66,7; c' = 1,6; 1,4; 1,5; odontostyle = 90; 
94; 93 pm; odontophore = 61; 60; 61 pm; stylet = 151; 
154; 154 pm; spicules = 51; 51; 52 pm (measured along 
curved median line); lateral guiding pieces = 10; 10; 11 
pm; distance from cloaca to adcloacal pair of supple- 
ments = 17; 19; 16 pm; distance adcloacal pair to 1st 
ventromedian supplement = 87; 75; 77 pm; 1st to 2nd 
supplement = 24; 39; 33 pm; 2nd to 3rd supplement = 
18; none; 23 pm. 
Longidorus leavicapitatus Williams, 1959 
Jacobs & Heyns (1982) recorded this species from 
numerous sugar cane fields in Natal. The present speci- 
mens were also found in the rhizosphere of sugar cane on 
the Manzini Road just outside Big Bend. 
Measurements 
Female (n = 7): L = 2,68 mm (2,27-2,88); a = 55 
(50-59); b = 10,8 (9,3-12,9); tail = 39 pm (36-42); c 
odontostyle = 59 pm (56-61); odonto hore = 43 pm 
pm (43-51); anal body diameter = 31 pm = (29-32); 
guiding ring to front end = 26,6 pm (22,5-31,5); nerve 
ring to front end = 139 pm (125-152); hemizonid to 
front end = 137 pm (130-147); width of lip region = 
10,l pm (10-10,5); anterior reproductive branch = 11,4 
pm (5,1-17,1); posterior reproductive branch = 10,7 
pm (6,1-16,5); egg (n = 1) = 38 X 144 pm. 
Location of pharyngeal gland nuclei and their outlets 
seen in some specimens only: 
DO (n = 2) = 7,3-13,4; DN (n = 3) = 20,0-29,2; 
DO-DN (n = 2) = 12,7-15,8; LSN (n = 4) = 48,0- 
54,4; RSN (n = 2) = 49,3-55,4; SO (n = 5) = 85,4- 
87,8. 
Juvenile. Twelve juvenile specimens were found, of 
which the body lengths vary from 1,51 pm to 2,43 pm. 
However, based on length of odontostyle and replace- 
ment odontostyle, these are all considered to belong to 
the pre-adult stage. 
L = 1,96 pm (1,51-2,43) pm; a = 48,5 (433-53,5); 
b = 8,9 (6,4-10,5); tail = 39 pm (3143); c = 50,2 
(44-61); c' = 1,42 (1,25-1,62); odontostyle = 51,5 pm 
(483-55); odonto hore (n = 7) = 36,l pm (333-39); 
tostyle = 58,l pm (55,540,5); width of lip region = 
9,6 pm (9,510); guiding ring to front end = 2_1,8 pm 
= 68 (57-76); C' = 1,3 (1,2-1,3); V = 48 (46-49); 
(39-47); stylet = 102 pm (96106); bo c f  y diameter = 48 
* 
' stylet (n = 7) = 8 7 ,3 pm (84,5-91); replacement odon- 
( 19-23). 
The general morphology of these Swaziland speci- 
mens 'are in close agreement with the specimens de- 
scribed from Natal by Jacobs & Heyns (1982). 
Longidorus paramonile Jacobs &z H e p ,  1982 (Fig. 2 
D-P) 
This species was recent1 described (Jacobs & Heyns, 
1982) from sugar cane in Gatal. The present specimens 
were collected under grass sods alongside the Mbabane- 
Piggs Peak Road, 2 km north of the turn-off to Oshoek. 
Measurements of females and juvenile stages J2-J4 in 
Table 1. Location of gland nuclei and their outlets as 
follows (n = 5): DO = 4,2-6,0; DN = 13,649,O; 
DO-DN = 11,4-17,O; LSN = 51,6-55,7; RSN = 
51,657,9; SO = 86,0-92,O 
These specimens aaee with those described from Na- 
i 
1 f 
tal, exce t" that they Ge appreciably bigger: The avera e ' 
longest paraty e specimen (5,Ol mm); odontostyle 
53-59 pm in the types; basal bulb length varies from 
88-109 um compared with 58-79 um in the tvpes, and 
' 
1 
length o F 5,26 mm is more than that recorded for t a e 
length varies B om 64-67,5 pm compared with only 
basal bulb width-from 13-16 pm 'compared .&hh 7-13 
pm. However, other measurements as well as the gen- 
eral morphology are so similar to those of the type speci- 
mens, that we regard this Swaziland populabon as a 
geographical variant conspecific with L. paramonile. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We thank the Rand Afrikaans University and 
ORSTOM for financial assistance for this project. 
REFERENCES 
BARBERCHECK, MARY, S m ,  P. C. & HEY", J., 1985. Occurrence 
and distribution of Xiphinemu in vineyards of the Breë River Valley. 
Phytophyluctica 17: 27-30. 
HEY", J . ,  1966. Studies on South African Xiikinemu species, with 
descri tions of two new species displaying sexual dimorphism of the 
tail (J ematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Nemutologicu 12  369-384. 
HEYNS, J. 1974. The enus Xi hinemu in South Africa. II. X .  elongu- 
tum-group (Nematoia: Do&imida). Phytophylacticu 6 249-260. 
HEYNS, J., 1976. The genus Xiphinemu in South Africa. III. Two new 
species of the X .  hallei- up, with additional information on X .  
vanderlindei Heyns, 196gnd X .  dimorphicuudatum Heyns, 1966 
(Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Phytophylacticu 8: 67-78. 
JACOBS, P. J. F. & HEYNS, J., 1982. Longidorus species from sugar 
cane in Natal (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Phytophylucticu 1 4  
195-204.. 
VAN REE", ERINA & HEYNS, J., 1986 A survey of Lon idoridae in 
vineyards along the Berg River system. Phytophyfacticu 18: 
203-208. 
44 


A first report on Longidoridae from Swaziland

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