Trois monogènes nouveaux : #Cichlidogyrus berrebii$ n. sp., #C. pouyaudi$ n. sp. et #C. kothiasi$ n. sp., parasites branchiaux de #Tylochromis jentini$ (Cichlidae), sont décrits en Afrique de l'Ouest (Côte d'Ivoire et Guinée). Ces trois nouvelles espèces sont considérées comme primitives à cause de la morphologie caractéristique de la barre transversale dorsale du hapteur, mais elles sont cependant situées dans le genre #Cichlidogyrus$. (Résumé d'auteur

Euzet, L.

Pariselle, Antoine

Name not available

Three new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) parasitic on Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895) (Pisces, Cichlidae) in West Africa

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Systematic Parasitology 29: 229-234, 1994. 
0 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 
229 
Three new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea, 
Ancyrocephalidae) parasitic on Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895) 
(Pisces, Cichlidae) in West Africa 
Antoine Pariselle and Louis Euzet2 
'ORSTOMICRO, BP V IS, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire 
2Laboratgire de Parasitologie Comparée, Station Méditerranéenne de I' Environenzent Littoral, 34200 Sète, 
France 
Accepted for publication July 26th, 1993 
Abstract 
Descriptions of three new species of Monogenea are presented Cichlidogyrus berrebii n. sp., C. pouyaudi n. 
sp. and C. kothiasi n. sp., all gill parasites of Tylochronzis jentinki (Cichlidae) in West Africa (Ivory Coast and 
Guinea). These new species are considered primitive because of the morphology of the dorsal transverse bar of 
the haptor, but this is not considered sufficient to warrant their exclusion from the genus Cichlidogyrus. 
Resumé 
Trois Monogènes nouveaux: Cichlidogyrus berrebii n. sp., C. pouyaudi n. sp. et C. kothiasi n. sp., parasites 
branchiaux de Tylochronzis jentinki (Cichlidae), sont décrits en Afrique de l'Ouest (Côte d'Ivoire et Guinée). 
Ces trois nouvelles espèces sont considérées comme primitives à cause de la morphologie caractéristique de la 
barre transversale dorsale du hapteur, mais elles sont cependant situées dans le genre Cichlidogyrus. 
Introduction 
A parasitological study of Tylochromis jentinki (Stein- 
dachner), caught in Ebrié Lagoon in the Ivory Coast 
and in the Kogon River in Guinea, revealed the pres- 
ence of Monogenea which have been temporarily 
placed in the genus Cichlidogyrus Papema, 1960. 
These species, considered to be new, are described 
below, and their systematic position in the genus is 
commented upon. 
- 3 ,  
_.l I 
Materials and methods 
Fish were caught in various rivers and lagoons in 
Guinea and in the Ivory Coast using gill nets, cast nets 
or after poisoning with Rotenone. Fish were either 
dissected on site immediately after capture or kept 
fresh and dissected later in the laboratory. In both 
cases, the left branchial arches, separated by dorsal 
and ventral section, were frozen at -20 OC or in liq- 
uid nitrogen until examination. To verify the specific 
identity of the host fishes, the carcaSSes were num- 
bered, fixed and stored in formalin. After thawing, the 
parasites were detached by intense washing of the gill 
and transferred individually, with a mounted needle, 
directly into a drop of ammonium picrate-glycerine 
mixture on a slide, according to the method of Malm- 
berg (1957). The preparation was then covered with 
a cover-slip and after several hours, necessary for 
the proper impregnation by the mounting medium, 
the cover slip was sealed with glyceel (Gurr). From 
these preparations, drawings were made of the hap- 
toral sclerites and the copulatory complex using a 
camera lucida. 
The method of naming and numbering of the hap- 
toral sclerites is that adopted at KOPA IV (Euzet & 
Prost, 1981) (Hooklets I medio-ventral, hooklets II 
24 MARS 1995 
Q. R.S.T.O.M. FQnds DocumenMrQ 
N" i 
230 A. Pariselle and L. Euzet 
Fig. I .  Diagram to show the measurements used in this study. 
ventral associated with ventral hooks, hooklets III- 
IV latero-dorsal, hooklets V-VI-VI1 latero-ventral). 
Measurements are those proposed by Gusev (1962) 
with a few additions (Fig. 1). Measurements are in 
micrometres as the mean followed by the range in 
parentheses. 
Cichlidogyrus berrebii n. sp. 
Host: Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895). 
Site: Gills. 
Type-loculity: Ebrié Lagoon, Ivory Coast. These par- 
asites were also found on the same host in the Kogon 
River in Guinea. 
Material measured 30 individuals stained and 
mounted in Malmberg’s solution. 
Type-material: Holotype and paratypes deposited at 
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, No. 
213 HE Tk 14; paratypes deposited at The Nat- 
ural History Museum, London BM(NH) Reg. No. 
1993.3.4.1 and at the Musée Royal d’Afrique Cen- 
trale, Tervuren, MRAC Nos 37.330, 37.331, 37.333. 
Description (Fig. 2) 
Adult individuals 535 (450-630) long, 88 (75-100) 
wide at level of ovzry; pharynx 29 (25-31) at widest 
point. Dorsal hooks (hamuli) have short shaft and 
long guard; characterised by long blade, median por- 
tion hollow (Fig. 2, DH); dimensions: a = 38.6 (32- 
e = 9.1 (8-10). Dorsal transverse bar, arched, with 2 
short appendages on its convex surface (Fig. 2, DE); 
dimensions: x = 36 (32-42), w = 5.4 (4-7), h = 6.7 
(5-8), y = 13.3 (11-16). Ventral hooks (hamuli) with 
shaft fused to guard (Fig. 2, VH); blade uniform- 
ly curved, short, dimensions: a = 32.8 (29-37), b = 
29.7 (25-33), c = 4.2 (2-6), d = 7.2 (6-9), e = 9.3 
8-11). Ventral transverse bar forming open ‘V’ (Fig. 
2, VB); x = 36.6 (32-40). 
Marginal hooklet I, small, 13.1 (12-15) long; 
hooklet II associated with ventral hooks have retained 
larval size, 10.7 (8-12). Marginal hooklets III = 16.9 
18.3 (16-20), VI1 = 16.8 (14-18). 
Male copulatory complex (Fig. 2, P) composed 
of spiral tubular penis (1.5 turns), with small basal 
bulb and massive proximal heel. Accessory piece a 
spiral ribbon, encircling distal portion of penis. Penis 
40.4 (37-47) long; accessory piece 40.9 (35-48) long. 
Vaginal opening marked by thick, irregular sclerifica- 
tion. 
43), b = 31.7 (27-37), c = 3.9 (3-5), d = 10.9 (7-13), 
(15-18), IV = 19.2 (15-20), V = 20.3 (18-22), VI = 
Comments 
This parasite is easily distinguished from all other 
known Cichlidogyrus spp. by the morphalogy of the 
dorsal transverse bar, which lacks real auricles. It is 
also distinguished by the morphology of the accessory 
piece which encircles the penis. The proposed name 
for this new species is C. berrebii n. sp. for Dr P. 
Benebi. 
Cichlidogyrus pouyaudi n. sp. 
Host: Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895). 
Site: Gills. 
Type-locality: Ebne Lagoon, Ivory Coast. These par- 
asites were also found on the same host in the Kogon 
River in Guinea. 
Three new species of Cichlidogyrus 231 
I 
IV I I I  !f 
VH VB 
-. . 
1 I l I DH 
30 p m  
2 
Fig. 2 .  
penis heel; VB, ventral bar; VH, ventral hook; I-VII, marginal hooklets. 
:kKdogyrus berrebii n. sp. Abbreviations: A, accessory piece; DH, dorsal hook; DB, dorsal bar; P, penis; Pb, penis bulb; Ph, 
Material measured: 30 individuals stained and 
mounted in Malmberg’s solution. 
Type-material: Holotype and paratypes deposited at 
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, No. 
214 HF. Tk 15; paratypes deposited at The Natu- 
ral History Museum, London, BM(NH) Reg. No. 
1993.3.4.3 and at the Musée Royal d’Afrique Cen- 
trale, Tervuren, MRAC No. 37.335. 
Description (Fig. 3) 
-<. 1
Adult individuals measured 377 (350-410) long, 86 
(72-103) wide at level of ovary; pharynx 28.5 (24- 
32) at widest point. 
Dorsal hooks (hamuli) characterised by regular- 
ly curved blade with hollow median portion (Fig. 3, 
DH); dimensions: a = 28.6 (23-33), b = 24.8 (22- 
-c-- 
29), c = 3 (2-5), d = 7.1 (649, e = 8.6 (6-9). Dorsal 
transverse bar arched, with 2 appendages on its ante- 
rior convex face (Fig. 3, DB); dimensions: x = 29.9 
Ventral hooks (hamuli) (Fig. 3, VH); dimensions: a = 
(4-9), e = 8 (7-9). Ventral transverse bar thinner at 
middle, forming ‘V’ (Fig. 3, VB); x = 31.2 (26-34). 
Hooklets I small, 12.3 (11-14) long; hooklets II, 
associated with ventral hooks, have retained larval 
size, 11.3 (10-13). Marginal hooklet lengths: III = 
= 17.3 (16-19), VII = 16.2 (14-18). 
Male copulatory complex composed of lightly spi- 
ral tubular penis, with small basal bulb and long prox- 
imal heel (Fig. 3). Accessory piece a spiral ribbon 
around entire length of penis; íibbon narrows from 
(25-35), w = 5.5 (4-8), h = 6.2 (5-8), y = 11 (8-15). 
27.6 (24-32), b = 24.5 (22-29), c = 3.2 (2-5), d = 6.3 
14.8 (13-17), IV = 16.7 (15-19), V = 20 (18-22), VI 
232 A. Pariselle and L. Euzet 
proximal to distal end; distal end thickened, forms 
lateral beak, perforated by canal through which pass- 
es penis. Penis 31.6 (28-34) long of which 4.9 (4-6) 
represents heel; accessory piece 37.4 (3343). Vagi- 
nal opening lightly sclerified. 
Comments 
Like the previous species, this species is characterised 
by the morphology of the dorsal transversal bar which 
lacks true auricles. It can be distinguished from C. 
berrebii n. sp. by the morphology of the male copu- 
latory complex. 
This is considered a new species and the name C. 
pouyairdi n. sp. is proposed for L. Pouyaud. 
, I 
! 
Cichlidogyrus kothiasi n. sp. 
Host: Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895). 
Site: Gills. 
Type-locality: Ebrié Lagoon, Ivory Coast. These par- 
asites were also found on the same host in the Kogon 
River in Guinea. 
Material measured: 30 individuals stained and 
mounted in Malmberg’s solution. 
Type-material: Holotype and paratypes deposited at 
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, No. 
212 HF. Tk 13; paratypes deposited at The Natu- 
ral History Museum, London, BM(NH) Reg. No. 
1993.3.4.2 and the Musée Royal d’Afrique Centrale, 
Tervuren, MRAC Nos 37.332, 37.334. 
! 
I 
1 
, 
î 
I 
i I 
I 
.. . . . _ .  
.~ 
Three new species of Cichlidogyrus 233 
VH 
4 
Fig. 4.  Cichlidogyrits koflziusi n. sp. Abbreviations: DB, dorsal bar; DH, dorsal hook; VB, ventral bar; VH, ventral hook; I-VII, 
hooklets. 
marginal 
Description (Fig. 4) 
Adult individuals 405 (350455) long, 92 (85-107) 
wide at level of ovary; pharynx 27 (22-30) at widest 
point. 
Dorsal hooks (hamuli) have long guard forming 
acute angle with shafty’blade arched (Fig. 4, DH). 
Cavity found in hook blade of 2 previous species not 
observed; dimensions: a = 49.8 (39-56), b = 37.1 
(32-41), c = 5 (3-8), d = 15.5 (10-19), e = 9.3 
(8-11). Dorsal transverse bar arched, with 2 hollow 
appendages on its anterior convex face (Fig. 4. DB); 
dimensions: x = 46.5 (42-50), w = 7 (&lo), h = 
9.6 (8-lo), y = 18.1 (10-19). Ventral hooks (hamuli) 
with guard same size as shaft, to which it is fused; 
blade arched, with distal quarter bent (Fig. 4, VH); 
dimensions: a = 41 (35-47), b = 40.6 (3546), c = 3.2 
(241, d = 4.3 (2-5), e = 9 (7-10). Ventral transverse 
bar forming an open ‘V’ (Fig. 4, VB); dimensions: x 
Hooklets I, well developed, 20.6 (16-24) long, 
resembling marginal hooklets IV and V in size. Hook- 
lets II associated with ventral hooks, small, 10.1 (9- 
12). Marginal hooklet lengths: III = 17.7 (16-20)- IV 
= 48.6 (41-53). 
I I  - 
= 19 (16-21), V = 18.9 (i6-21), VI = 17.8 (16-20), 
VI1 = 17 (16-19). 
Penis, small, 29.4 (26-33); long thin heel 7.5 (7- 
9), fused to small basal bulb. Spiral tubular penis 
with 3 tums (Fig. 4). AccessoIy piece a wide spiral 
234 A. Pariselle and L. Euzet 
Fig. 5. 
chromis jentinki and C. ergensi from Tilapia iillii. 
Dorsal bar of Cichlidogyrus kothiasi n. sp. from Tyb- 
ribbon, 30.8 (26-36), encircling entire penis. Vaginal 
pore funnel shaped, weakly sclerified. 
Comments 
This species has a transverse bar with a characteristic 
morphology. It can be clearly distinguished from the 
two previous species by the size of marginal hook- 
lets I and by the morphology of the male copulatory 
complex. 
This is considered a new species, and the name C. 
kothiasi n. sp. is proposed for Dr J.B. Amon Kothias, 
an authority on T. jentinki. 
Discussion 
The particular morphology of the transverse bar* 
as described for these three new parasites from 
Tylochromis jentinki, poses a problem concerning 
their attribution to the genus Cichlidogyrus. In effect, 
in these species, the dorsal transverse bar exhibits two 
small, hollow outgrowths on the anterior convex face, 
while in the genus Cichlidogyrus the transverse bar 
is characterised by the presence of two long, hollow 
auricles attached by a thin foot to the ventral face 
of the bar (Fig. 5). Are the outgrowths of the dor- 
sal transvlerse bar of these parasites of Tylochromis 
homologous with the auricles of Cichlidogyrus? Is 
this morphology sufficiently different to justify the 
creation of a new genus? The structure of the dor- 
sal transverse bars of these parasites of Tylochromis 
jentinki seems to represent a step closer to the simple 
morphology which can be observed in the majori- 
ty of ancyrocephalids than the structure of this same 
bar in other species of Cichlidogyrus (e.g. C. ergensi 
DOSSOU, 1986). Is this morphology an archaic fea- 
ture of the structure of the haptor? It can be linked 
to the isolated position and the recognised antiquity 
of the genus Tylochromis among the Cichlidae (Sti- 
assny, 1991). Since the gill parasites of other primi- 
the  cichlids are unknown (particularly those of oth- 
er species in the genus Tylochromis), it is difficult to 
determine if the two morphologies of the dorsal trans- 
verse bar are always present in a distinctive manner or 
if intermediate states exist. While awaiting the results 
of studies on primitive cichlids, these parasites of T. 
jentinki are retained in the genus Cichlidogyrus. 
References 
Euzet, L. &Prost, M. (1981) Report of the meeting on Monogenea: 
problems of systematics, biology and ecology. In: Slusarski, W. 
(Ed.) Review of advances in parasitology. Warsaw: PWN Polish 
Scientific Publishers, pp. 1,003-1,004. 
Gussev, A.V. (1962) In: Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E. (Ed.) Key 
to parasites offeshwaterfrsh of the USSR. Moscow-Leningrad 
Academiya Nauk SSSR, 919 pp. (Translated from Russian by 
IPST, Ser. No. 1136, Jerusalem, 1964). 
Malmberg, G. (1957) [On the occurrence of Gyrodactylus on 
Swedish fishes.] Skriftrutgivna av Sodra Sveriges Fiskeriforen- 
ing, 1956, pp. 19-76. (In Swedish, with description of species 
and a summary in English). 
Stiassny, M.L.J. (1991) Phylogenetic inmrelationships of the fam- 
ily Cichlidae: an overview. In: Keenleyside, M.H.A. (Ed.) Cich- 
lid fishes: Behavior, ecology and evolution. London: Chapman 
& Hall, Fish and Fisheries Series 2, pp. 1-31. 


Three new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) parasitic on Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1895) (Pisces, Cichlidae) in West Africa

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