Cheng, H.

Xu, J.

Horizon / Pleins textes

Fundam. appl. Nematol., 1992, 15 (6), 517-523
LongidoTUs litchii n. sp. and L. henanus n. sp.
(Nemata : Longidoridae) from China
Jianhua Xu and Hurui CHENG
Department of Plant Protection,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China.
Accepted for publication 4 February 1992.
Summary - Two new species of Longidorus from China are described. L. lilchii n. sp., a bisexual species, is characterized by the
anteriorly broadly rounded and usually slightly offset lip region; very short and bluntly rounded tail [c' = 0.70 (0.61-0.79)];
medium-sized body [4.56 (4.14-5.29) mm]; long odontostyle [155 (138-171) I-lm] and extremeJy posteriorly located guide ring [90
(82.5-96.5) I-lm]. L. henanus n. sp. is characterized by the broadly rounded, slightly offset or continuous lip region; bluntly conoid
to almost hemispherical tail [c' = 0.93 (0.86-1.02)]; asymetrically bilobed amphids; long body [6.08 (5.11-6.99) mm] and
medium-sized odontostyle [98 (97-103) I-lm].
Résumé - Longidorus litchii n. sp. et L. henanus n. sp. (Nemata : Longidoridae) provenant de Chine - Deux nouvelles
espèces de Longidorus provenant de Chine sont décrites. L. litchii n. sp., espéce bisexuelle, est caractérisé par une région labiale
largement arrondie et généralement peu séparée du reste du corps; une queue trés courte, obtuse [c' = 0,70 (0,61-0,79)]; un corps
de longueur moyenne [4,56 (4,14-5,29) I-lm]; un long odontostyle [90 (82,5-96,5) I-lm] et un anneau-guide situé très postérieurement
[90 (82,5-96,5) I-lm]. L. henanus n. sp. est caractérisé par une région labiale largement arrondie et légèrement séparée du reste du
corps, ou continue avec celui-ci; une queue conoïde-obtuse à subhémisphérique [c' = 0,93 (0,86-1,02)]; des amphibes bilobées
asymétriques; un corps long [6,08 (5,11-6,99) I-lm)] et un odontostyle de longueur moyenne [98 (97-103) I-lm].
Key-words : Nematodes, Longidorus, China.
During an investigation on plant parasitic nematodes
of economic crops in various regions of China, two
previously unrecorded species of Longidorus were found
in association with litchi trees in Fujian Province, eastern
China and grapevine in Henan Province, central China,
respectively. They are described and illustrated here as
L. litchii n. sp. and L. henanus n. sp. Specimens were
killed by gentle heat in water and fixed in T AF. They
were then processed to, and mounted in, glycerol using
the slow method after Golden (in Hooper, 1970). AlI the
measurements were made on specimens mounted in
glycerol.
Longidorus litchii n. sp.
(Fig. 1)
MEASUREM.ENTS
Females, males and Juveniles : see Table 1.
Hololype (female) : L = 4.40 mm; a = 77; b = 8.1;
c = 165; c' = 0.67; V = 50; odontostyle = 151 Ilm;
odontophore = 93 !J.m; ant. end to guide ring = 90 Ilm;
tail = 26.5 Ilm; anal body diam. 40 !J.m.
DESCRJfYTION
Female : Body stout, tapering towards both ends,
especially from oesophagus base onwards, assuming an
open " C " of varing degrees when relaxed by gentle
heat. Cuticle finely striated, composed of three layers
along most of the body, with the outer layer being the
thinnest, but more layers are differentiated in the tail
region; whole cuticle 3-3.5 Ilm thick at mid-body,
4.5-6 Ilm near the lip region and 8-10 Ilm at the tail tip.
Lateral chords prorninent, occupying about 1/4 corre-
sponding body width except in the oesophageal region
where they gradually narrow down to thin !ines. Pores:
70-85 lateral body pores on each side of the body;
10-14 lateral, 6-9 ventral and 2-3 dorsal pores present in
the oesophageal region, of which 3-4 lateral, 1-2 ventral
and 2 dorsal pores are located anterior to the guide ring
and the first lateral pore is very close to the amphidial
base. Lip region broadly rounded anteriorly, 12.5-14 Ilm
wide at the base, usually slightly set off from the body
contour by a shallow depression. Amphids short, ob-
scure, appearing symetrically bilobed at the base; am-
phidial openings minute, difficuit to see under the light
microscope. Odontostyle typical of the genus with sim-
ple base, but odontophore base weil swollen and pro-
vided with weakly developed flanges. Guide ring single,
very posteriorly located, 90 (82.5-96.5) !J.m or 6.5
(6.0-7.0) times !ip region width from the anterior end.
Only one nerve ring present, situated about two body
widths behind the odontophore base. Hemizonid in-
155N 1164-5571/92/06/51707 $ 2 / © CaUlhier-Vzllars - OR5TOM 517
J. Xu & H. Cheng
Table 1. Morphometrics of pararype females, males and juveniles of Longidorus litchii n. sp. (ail measurements in !-lm, except L).
Stages JI J2 J3 J4 Females Males
n 15 15 15 15 25 2
L (mm) 1.20 ± 0.34 1.87 ± 0.13 2.45 ± 0.14 3.58 ± 0.54 4.56 ± 0.35 4.54-5.11
( 1.19-1.40) ( 1.61-2.08) (2.17-2.71) (2.91-4.70) (4.14-5.29)
a 53 ± 1.9 56 ± 2.6 62 ± 2.1 73 ± 2.6 78 ± 3.3 78-88
(51-58) (52-61 ) (59-67) (69-78) (72-84)
b 4.1 ± 0.47 5.8 ± 0.45 6.7 ± 0.69 8.2 ± 0.70 8.5 ± 1.00 9.6-10.0
(3.3-5.3) (4.9-6.7) (5.9-8.1 ) (6.9-9.3) (7.2-11.3)
c 26 ± 2.2 65 ± 7.8 89 ± 7.7 123 ± 10.4 163 ± 15.0 155-163
(22-30) (49-77) (77-107) ( 109-142) (139-197)
c 3.13 ± 0.23 1.25 ± 0.17 0.97 ± 0.08 0.79 ± 0.05 0.70 ± 0.05 0.75-0.85
(2.72-3.42) ( 1.00-1.63) (0.81-1.10) (0.70-0.86) (0.61-0.79)
V 52 ± 1.3
(49-54)
GI 10.5 ± 1.50
(8.8-14.5)
G2 10.5 ± 1.30
(8.0-12.4)
Odontosryle 87 ± 3.7 98 ± 1.9 109 ± 5.8 131 ± 6.5 155 ± 8.1 151-169
(81-93) (95-100) (102-118) (122-145) ( l38-171)
Odontophore 52 ± 2.0 67 ± 5.1 76 ± 3.8 88 ± 4.4 95 ± 4.5 91-92
(48-55) (56-75) (70-85) (77-95) (88-107)
Total stylet 139 ± 4.7 165 ± 5.0 185 ± 6.9 219 ± 7.7 250 ± 9.2 243-260
(131-145) (156-174) (175-197) (207-236) (235-271 )
Repl. odontosryle 100 ± 4.7 113 ± 5.4 135 ± 8.8 154 ± 5.7
(93-107) (104-126) (128-164) (144-164)
GR* 41.0 ± 1.66 52.5 ± 5.13 63.5 ± 2.24 74.5 ± 4.32 90.0 ± 3.08 89.0-92.5
(38.5-43.0) (42.0-59.5) (58.5-68.5) (66.5-80.5) (82.5-96.5)
Tail 50.0 ± 3.87 29.0 ± 3.95 28.0 ± 2.60 30.0 ± 2.01 28.0 ± 1.66 28.0-33.0
(44.5-57.0) (23.0-33.5) (21.5-31.0) (26.0-33.0) (25.5-32.0)
Lip region width 8.0 ± 0.29 9.5 ± 0.58 11.0 ± 0.47 12.5 ± 0.62 13.5 ± 0.38 12.5-14.0
(7.5-8.5) (9.0-11.0) (10.0-11.5) (11.5-14.0) (12.5-14.0)
BWGR* 17.5 ± 0.38 22.0 ± 1.17 27.0 ± 0.95 32.5 ± 1.87 37.5 ± 1.30 35.5-37.0
(17.0-18.5) (19.5-23.5) (25.0-28.0) (29.0-36.0) (34.5-40.5)
BWOB* 24.0 ± 0.79 31.5 ± 2.15 38.0 ± 1.57 47.0 ± 3.72 53.5 ± 3.09 51.5-53.5
(23.0-26.0) (26.5-34.5) (35.5-40.5) (40.0-57.0) (49.0-61.0)
BWMB* 24.0 ± 0.93 33.0 ± 2.42 39.5 ± 2.40 50.0 ± 5.56 58.0 ± 3.60 58.5-59.5
(23.5-27.5) (28.0-36.0) (36.0-44.0) (40.5-66.0) (53.0-64.0)
Anal body diam. 16.0 ± 0.60 23.0 ± 1.59 29.0 ± 1.71 38.0 ± 3.23 40.0 ± 2.14 37.5-38.5
(15.0-18.0) (20.5-26.0) (25.5-32.0) (33.0-47.0) (36.0-44.0)
• GR ~ anlerior end 10 guide ring; BWGR ~ body widlh al guide ring; BWOB = body widlh al oesophagus base; BWMD = body width al mid-body.
distinct. " Mucro " easy ta observe, 3.5 (3-5) ~m long,
wedged in the posterior half of the slender part of the
oesophagus, also seen rarely outside the oesophagus.
Oesophageal bulb cylindrical, 93-113 ~m long and
20.5-28 ~m wide. Arrangement of the oesophageal gland
nuclei typical of Longidorus, i.e. : the dorsal nucleus
located sorne distance behind the dorsal gland orifice
518
and in the anterior third of the bulb; the subventral
nuclei more developed than the dorsal nucleus and
located in the middle of the bulb. Cardia weil developed,
hemispherical. Vulva a transverSe slit, vagina extending
about haIf the corresponding body width. Genital bran-
ches paired, opposed and equally developed, devoid of
any special differentiations; ovaries reflexed; oviduct
Fundam. appl. Ne ma LOI.
Two new Longidorus
NML
100 ,UIlI A,G,P
50 ,UIlI H-N
50 ,UIlI 1 B,C,Q
3mm 1 O-F
H J
K
Fig. 1. Longidorns litchii n. sp. - Female : A : Oesophageal region (lateral); B : Head region (lateral); C : Head region
(dorso/ventral); E : Habitus; G : Vulva and anterior genital branch; H-J : Tai!. - Juveniles: D : Habitus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th
stages; K-N : Tails of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th stages. - Male: F : Habitus; 0 : Spicule; P : Posterior region (lateral).
Vol. 15, nO 6 - 1992 519
J. Xu & H. Cheng
separated from the uterus by a weil developed sphincter.
No sperm observed in the uteri. Prerectum 415-676 ~m
long, or 10.5-18 times anal body diameter. Tail rather
short, dorsally convex, tip bluntly rounded. Two caudal
pores on each side.
Male: Body strongly curved ventrally in the posterior
part when relaxed. Morphology of the anterior part
similar ta that of female. Testes paired and dorylaimoid.
Sperm abundant, globulous (diam. = 4-5.5 ~). Spic-
ules large, arcuate, measuring 68.5-71 ~m along the
median line. Lateral guiding pieces 19.5-20.5 ~m long
with bifurcate distal ends. Supplements consists of an
adanal pair and a ventromedian series of 6-7. Tail
bluntly conoid, dorsally convex, with three caudal pores
on each side. Body pores arranged in two rows (sub-
ventral and lateral) anterior to the anus.
Juveniles : Four distinct stages were recognized.
Juvenile tails gradually become relatively shorter and
blunter as they progress to adulthood. Tail of J1 is
characteristically elongate conoid with a long digitate tip.
Lip region shape of ail stages similar to that of adults.
TypE MATERJAL
Hololype (female) : Deposited in the Nematology
Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing,
China.
Paralypes : Six females in the nematode collection of
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Eng-
land; three females in the nematode collection of
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;
the remaining specimens with the holotype.
TYPE HABITAT AND LOCALITY
Light clay soil around roots of litchi trees (Lùchi
chinensis Sonn.) in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, eastem
China.
DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Longidorus lilchii n. sp. is characterized by the an-
terior1y broadly rounded and usually slightly offset lip
region; very short and bluntly rounded tail; medium-
sized body; long odontostyle and extremely posterior1y
located guide ring.
L. lilchii n. sp. cornes closest to L. jonesi Siddiqi, 1962,
L. macromucronaLUS Siddiqi, 1962, L. fangi Xu &
Cheng, 1991 and L. himalayensis (Khan, 1987) Xu &
Hooper, 1990 in guide ring position and lip region and
tail shape, but it can be easily distinguished from aU
these species by its much longer odontostyle [155
(138-171) !lm vs 113 (107-120) in L. jonesi; 121
(117-128) in L. macromucronaLUs; 136 (124-144) in
L. fangi and 115-125 in L. himalayensis], more post-
erior1y located guide ring [GR = 90 (82.5-96.5) ~m vs
61.5 (57-66) in L. jonesi; 62.5 (58-68) in L. macromucro-
naLUs; 78.9 (69.5-86.6) in L. fangi and 55-60 in L. hima-
layensis] and presence of males. Furthermore, the new
520
species differs from L. jonesi in its longer and thinner
body; from L. macromucronatus in its less expanded lip
region and stouter body; from L. fangi in its less ex-
panded lip region, stouter body and relatively shorter tail
and from L. himalayensis in its longer and stouter body.
Longidorus henanus n. sp.
(Fig. 2)
MEASUREMENTS
Females and juveniles of lst, 3rd and 4th stages: see
Table 2.
Ho 10type (female) : L = 6.44 mm; a = 121; b = 13.6;
c = 158; c' = 0.95; V = 48; odontostyle = 100 ~m;
odontophore = 66 ~m; ant. end to guide ring = 43 ~m;
anal body diam. = 42 ~m.
DESCRIITION
Female : Body long and almost cylindrical, tapering
towards both ends, habitus varing from hook shaped to
C shaped when relaxed by gentle heat. Cuticle consisting
mainly of two layers, outer layer very thin throughout
the whole body, inner layer slighùy widened near the lip
region and strongly thickened and radially striated at the
tail, tail tip area characteristically less striated compared
to adjacent areas. Cuticle 4-5 ~m thick at mid body,
5-6 !lm near the lip region and 13-14 ~m at the tail tip.
Lateral chords moderately developed, occupying about
1/3 corresponding body width but narrower in the
oesophageal region. Body pores prominent, 100-130 lat-
eral pores present on each side of the body with 10-14
situated in the oesophageal region, first lateral pore
located anterior to the guide ring, usually followed by a
second lateral pore about half a body diameter posterior
to the guide ring; ventral pores 5-7 and dorsal pores 1-3;
first ventral and dorsal pores usually close to the guide
ring. Lip region broadly rounded, 15-16.5 !lm wide,
slightly set-off by a shallow depression or continuous
with the body contour. Amphids large, extending about
half the distance from the anterior end to the guide ring,
asymetrically bilobed with the ventral lobe longer than
the dorsal one. Amphidial openings minute, difficult to
observe with the light microscope. Stylet typical of the
genus with smooth odontostyle base. Guide ring single,
42 (38.5-45.5) ~m or 2.7 (2.5-2.8) lip region widths from
the anterior end. Two nerve rings present, situated about
1 and 2.5 body widths behind the odontophore base,
respectively. Hemizonid 5-7 ~m long, located slightly
anterior to the first nerve ring. " Mucro " short,
0.5-3 ~m long, wedged in the posterior half of the
slender part of the oesophagus. Oesophageal bulb cylin-
drical, measuring 112-137 x 22-25 ~m. Arrangement of
the oesophageal gland nuclei typical of Longidorus. Car-
dia blunùy rounded. Vulva a transverse slit; vagina
extending over half the corresponding body width;
ovejector moderately developed. Genital branches
Fundam. appl. Nemalol.
Two new Longidorus
Table 2. Morphometrics of paratype females and juveniles of Longidorus henanus n. sp. (ail measurements in !lm, except L).
Stages JI J3 J4 Females
n 7 2 6 II
L (mm) 0.96 2.52-3.37 3.80 6.08 ± 0.62
(0.91-1.01) (3.38-4.32) (5.11-6.99)
a 51 76-77 91 112 ± 9.0
(49-53) (86-95) (99-127)
b 4.6 8.6-9.2 9.5 13.2 ± 0.97
(4.1-5.2) (8.6-10.3) (12.2-15.4)
c 29 66-88 102 168 ± 13.4
(27-31) (97-112) (154-194)
c' 2.47 1.13-1.50 1.15 0.93 ± 0.06
(2.32-2.62) ( 1.06-1.22) (0.86-1.02)
V 49 ± 1.2
(47-51)
GI 12.4 ± 1.78
(8.4-14.3)
G2 12.1 ± 1.78
(10.4-15.6)
Odontostyle 49 65-70 82 98 ± 2.1
(48-50) (78-88) (97-103)
Odontophore 36 50-64 63 70 ± 2.0
(34-37) (60-65) (66-74)
Total stylet 85 115-134 145 168 ± 2.6
(84-87) (141-149) (165-173)
Repl. odontostyle 54 74-83 98
(53-55) (95-102)
GR* 21.0 29.0-33.5 36.5 42.0 ± 1.93
(20.5-21.5) (35.0-38.0) (38.5-45.5)
Tail 32.7 38.0-38.5 37.0 36.5 ± 4.26
(31.0-34.5) (33.0-39.5) (31.0-42.0)
Lip region width 8.0 11.5-12.5 13.5 16.0 ± 0.52
(7.5-8.5) (13.5-14.0) (15.0-16.5)
BWGR* 14.0 21.0-23.5 24.5 29.0 ± 0.99
(13.5-14.5) (24.0-25.5) (27.5-30.5)
BWOB* 19.0 31.0-38.0 38.5 46.5 ± 2.45
(18.5-19.0) (34.5-41.5) (43.0-49.5)
BWMB* 19.0 33.0-44.0 41.5 54.0 ± 3.61
(18.5-19.0) (37.0-45.5) (47.5-59.0)
Anal body diam. 13.0 25.5-33.5 32.5 39.0 ± 2.87
(12.5-14.0) (30.0-35.5) (35.5-43.0)
• GR = anterior end ta guide ring; BWGR ~ body width at guide ring; BWOB = body width at oesophagus base; BWMO ~ body width at mid-body.
paired, opposed and equally developed; uterus short,
without special differentiations, connected with the
narrow and long oviduct bya sphincter; ovaries reflexed
and usually very long (even extending over the vulva in
one specimen). Prerectum distinct, 241-434 Ilm or
8-11 times anal body width long. Tail short, bluntly
conoid to almost hemispherical, dorsally convex, gen-
Vol. 15, nO 6 - 1992
erally less than one anal body width long. One or two
caudal pores present on each side.
Male: Not found.
Juveniles (J l, J3 and ]4 stages) : Tail shape changing
from elongate conoid in JI to short, bluntly conoid in J4,
hence c' value becoming progressively smaller as juv-
521
J. Xu & H. Cheng
l--_-=6~0.=...Wl _ ____J1 H - L
1--_....::;3.....;-;;;;;;....._----l1 F,G
E
J
40.ua 1 B - D
8O~ 1 A,E
H
Fig. 2. Longidorus henanus n. sp. - Female : A : Oesophageal region (lateral); B, C : Head region (lateral); D, K, L : Tail; E :
Vulva and anterior genital branch; G : Habitus. - Juveniles: F : Habitus of Ist, 3rd and 4th stages; H-J : Tails of lst, 3rd and
4th stages.
eniles devèlop towards adulthood. Lip region In ail
stages generally similar to that of female.
TYPE MATERIAL
Hololype (female) : Deposited in the Nematology
Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing,
China.
Paralypes :Two females each in the nematode collec-
tions of Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden,
England, Istituto di Nematologia Agraria, Bari, Italy and
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;
the remaining specimens with the holotype.
522 Fundam. appl. NemalOl.
TYPE HABITAT AND LOCALITY
Loam soil around roots of grapevine (Vùis vinifera L.)
in Linbao County, Henan Province, central China.
DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Longidorus henanus n. sp. is characterized by the
following characters : lip region broadly rounded ante-
riorly, slightly set off or continuous with the body
contour; tail bluntly conoid to almost hemispherical,
usually less Ihan one anal body width long; amphids
asymetrically bilobed; body length around 6 mm and
odontostyle length around 100 /lm.
By virtue of the above features, L. henanus n. sp.
resembles most L. apulus Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo,
1977, L. iranicus Sturhan & Barooti, 1983, L. goodeyi
Hooper, 1961 and L. crassus Thome, 1974. The new
species differs from the former three species in having a
more posteriorly located guide ring [GR 42
(38.5-45.5) fLm vs 31 (27-34) in L. apulus; 35 (33.5-36.5)
in L. iranicus and 35 (30-40) in L. goodeyt]. L. henanus
n. sp. is further differentiated from L. apulus by its
stouter body [a = 112 (99-127) vs 139 (123-154)], larger
and asymetrically bilobed amphids, less expanded and
anteriorly f1attened lip region and more bluntly rounded
tail; from L. iranicus by its shorter odontostyle [98
(97-103) /lm vs 112 (106-118)], more deeply bilobed
amphids and differently arranged oesophageal gland
nuclei and from L. goodeyiby its more slender body [a =
85 (67-117) in L. goodeyt] and shorter, less unevenly
bilobed amphids. The new species is different from
L. crassus because of its shorter odontostyle (105-115 /lm
in L. crassus) and differently shaped lip region (continu-
ous and anteriorly tnrncale in L. crassus).
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Mr. D. ]. Hooper, Rothamsted Exper-
Vol. 15, nO 6 - 1992
Two new Longidorus
imemal Station, Harpenden, England, for providing infor-
mation on paratypes of L. apulus.
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523


Longidorus litchii n.sp. and L. henanus n.sp. (Nemata: Longidoridae) from China

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