#Xiphinema cadavalense$ sp. n. provenant de la rhizosphère de vigne à Freixieiro, Cadaval, Portugal, est décrit. Cette nouvelle espèce est caractérisée par les deux branches génitales femelles également développées et pourvues d'un pseudo-organe Z, une queue courte, conoïde-arrondie avec mucron terminal et l'absence de males. #X. cadavalense$ sp. n. est proche de #X. lusitanicum$ Sturhan, 1983 - dont il se distingue par un odontostyle plus long - et de #X. pseudocoxi$ Sturhan, 1985 par le type d'inclusions du pseudo-organe Z. #X. cadavalense$ sp. n. est également proche de #X. erriae$ Hutsebaut, Heyns & Coomans, 1988, #X. hardingi$ Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988, #X. jomercium$ Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988 et #X. transkeiense$ Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988. (Résumé d'auteur

Bravo, M.A.

Roca, F.

Horizon / Pleins textes

Fundam. appl. Nemal.Ol..• 1995, 18 (1), 17-20
Xiphinema cadavalense Sp. n.
(Nemata : Longidoridae) from Portugal
Maria Antonia BRAVO * and Francesco ROCA **
'< Esla(ào Agrônomica Nacional, J.N.J.A., Quinla do Marquês,
2780 Oeiras, Porlugal, and
*"-, /slilulo di Nemalologia Agra:ria, CNR, lmv. 174 di via G. Amendola 168/5, 70126 Bari, flaly.
Accepred for publicarion 18 February 1994.
Summary - The authors give a description of Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. It was found in the rhizosphere of grapevine at
Freixieiro, Cadaval, Portugal. The species is characterized by rwo female genital branches equally developed, a weil differentiated
pseudo-Z-organ, a short rounded-conoid and pegged tail and absence of the male. X. cadavalense sp. n. is very close to X. lusitani-
cum Sturhan, 1983 from which it differs mairùy in a longer odontostyle. The new species resembles X. pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985 in
the shape ofpseudo-Z-organ inclusion bodies and also X. emàe Hutsebaut, Heyns & Coomans, 1988, X. hardingijoubert, Kruger &
Heyns, 1988, X. jomerciurn Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988 and X. lranskelense Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988.
Résumé - Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. (NenlUta : Longidoridae) provenant du Portugal- Xiphinerna cadavalense sp. n.
provenant de la rhizosphère de vigne à Freixieiro, Cadaval, Portugal, est décrit. Cene nouvelle espéce est caractérisée par les deux
branches gènitales femelles également développées et pourvues d'un pseudo-organe Z, une queue courte, conoïde-arrondie avec
mucron terminal et l'absence de males. X. cadavalense sp. n. est proche de X. lusitanu:um Sturhan, 1983 - dom il se distingue par un
odontostyle plus long - et de X. pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985 par le type d'inclusions du pseudo-organe Z. X. cadavalense sp. n. esr
également proche de X. ernae Hutsebaur, Heyns & Coomans, 1988, X. hardingi Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988, X. jomenium
Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988 et X. lranskeiense Joubert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988.
Key-words : Xiphinema, taxonomy, description, Portugal, nematodes.
Specimens of Xiphinema collected by Dr. M. A. Bra-
vo during a survey carried out in Porrugal were sent to
the Istituto di Nematologia Agraria, Bari, Italy for a
collaborative taxonomie study. The examjnarion of this
material revealed the presence of an undescribed species
recovered from soil around the roors of grapevine ar
Freixieiro, Cadaval, Porrugal. Morphometric data, des-
cription and illustration of the new species named Xiphi-
nema cadavalense sp. n. are given.
Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by
Cobb's wet sieve techruque, then killed and fixed in hor
5 % formaldehyde and mounted in glycerin by the slow
method.
Xiphinerna cadavalense sp. n.
(Fig. 1)
MEASUREMENTS
Holotype and Females (paratype) : see Table 1.
DESCRIPTION
Female : Habitus in specimens killed by genùe hear as
open C, more curved behind the vulva, with increasing
curvation towards the posterior extremity, occasional1y J
shaped; body cylindrical, rapering very graduaUy to-
wards the anterior extremity. Cuticle apparenùy smooth
along the body, with very fine cross-striations in the tail
ISSN 1164-5571195/01 S 4.00/ © GaUlhzer-Vil/ars - ORSTOM
region, 5-5.5 fJ.m thick along the body, more thickened
in the neck region, where ir measures 8-8.5 fJ.m at the
base of the lip region, and in the tail where ir is 10-
10.5 fJ.m ventrally and 12.5-13 fJ.m dorsally. Lateral hy-
podermal cords readily visible throughout the length of
the body, 17.5-18 fJ.m wide at mid body or 25.5-26 % of
the corresponding body diameter. Lateral body pores,
rune in the range of the odontostyle, arranged in a single
row in the body region anterior to the vulva and in a
double row in the resr of the body from the vulva or JUSt
anteriorly, distributed along the dorsal and ventral sides
of the lateral cords; seven ventral and six dorsal body
pores in the range of the odontostyle. Labial region he-
mi-elliptical, rounded laterally and less so frontally, al-
most continuous or separated from the rest of the body
by a very slight depression; amphids stirrup-shaped,
with aperture a transverse slit, occupying abour 79 % of
the lip region width, situated on the lip region at the level
of the beginning of depression or just anteriorly, ar al-
most 7 fJ.m from the oral opening. Odontostyle nearly
2 fJ.m in diameter; odontophore weIl developed with
large basal flanges; guiding " tube" variable in length
with guiding ring 5-5.5 fJ.m wide. Oesophagus dorylai-
moid with the anterior part tubular, oesophageal bulb
contairung three nuclei : the dorsal one located at the
beginrung, the two subventral ones almost at the middle;
17
M. A. Bravo & F. Roca
Table 1. MorphomelrUs of Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. (aU
measuremems in Mm, excepl L).
Paratype Holorype
females (24)
L (mm) 4.8 ±0.35 4.9
(4.0-5.3)
a 58.0 ± 6.27 59.5
(45.5-68.0)
b 7.8 ±0.61 8.5
(6.7-8.7)
c 94.6 ±8.09 98.0
(72.5-108.0)
c' 0.9 ±0.07 0.9
(0.8-1.0)
V 52.5 ± 1.81 54.0
(48.0-55.3)
Lip reg. diam. 18.0 ± 1.04 19.0
(14.0-19.5)
Lip reg. height 9.0 ±0.68 9.5
(7.5-10.5)
Odontosryle 158.0 ± 3.53 159.0
(150.5-164.5)
Odomophore 98.5 ± 3.24 94.0
(90.0-106.0)
Srylet 256.0 ± 5.74 253.0
(244.5-267.5)
Flanges width 18.5 ± 1.30 17.0
(16.0-22.0)
Guide ring 141.0 ±4.71 139.0
(126.5-148.5)
Guide sheath 16.3 ±3.57 17.0
(7.5-22.5)
Phar. bulb length 156.5 ± 11.64 136.0
(134.0-176.0)
Phar. bulb diam. 36.5 ± 3.44 34.0
(29.5-45.5)
Am. gen. br. 707.0 ± 143.5 694.0
(423.5-959.0)
Post. gen. br. 698.5 ± 114.98 723.5
(512.0-929.5)
Ant. gen. br. (%) 14.7 ± 2.48 14.0
(10.5-19.5)
Post. gen. be. (%) 14.6 ± 2.23 14.5
(11.7-19.7)
Body diam. (mid bo-
dy) 83.5±11.12 82.5
(64.5-103.5)
Body diam. (anus le-
vel) 55.5 ± 4.83 55.5
(47.5-72.5)
Rectum 49.0 ± 5.20 47.0
(40.0-61.5)
Tail 50.5 ± 3.57 50.0
(44.5-59.0)
Hyaline tail tip 21.5 ± 1.36 20.0
(18.0-24.5)
Prereeturn (598.0 ± 129.30 517.5
(317.5-964.5)
18
oesophageal-intestinal valve inconspicuous, globe-sha-
ped, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive sys-
tem amphidelphic, with both genital branches equally
developed and reflexed; ovary occupying about one se-
venth of the entire genital branch; oviduct with a sJender
part consisting of discoid cells, end a pars dilalar.a ovi-
ductus separated from the uterus by a conspicuous
sphincter muscle; uterus consisting of a very wide and
long pars dilatata tlteri, a tube and an ovejector, separa-
ted by a slight constriction. The tubular portion of the
uterus close to pars dilalala is narrow and muscularized
with thick walls and forms a weil developed pseudo-Z-
organ, which consists of ten to fifteen sclerotized bodies
of variable size, each body consisting of a central large
and almost rounded hyaline portion surrounded by irre-
gularly shaped refractive granules of variable thickness.
Crystalloid structures are observed in the tubular por-
tion of the uterus of sorne specimens (Fig. 1 D). No
sperm found in the uteri. Prerectum distinctly offset,
rectum as long as the anal body width or Jess. Tail short
conoid, dorsally convex and ventrally aJmost straight or
slightly convex, in line with the ventral profile, with an
indistinct blind canal and a rounded terminal peg, 10-
15 f-lm long, bearing three, seldom four, caudal pores on
each side.
Males and Juveniles: not found.
TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY
Rhizosphere of grapevine at Freixieiro, Cadaval, Por-
tugal.
TYPE SPECIMENS
Holorype and twelve pararype females in the Collec-
tion of the Istituto di Nematologia Agraria deI Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche di Bari, ltaly; six pararype fe-
males in the Collection of Estaçao Agr6nomica Nacio-
nal, Istituto Nacional de Investigaçào Agrària, Oeiras,
Portugal; two paratype females in each of the following
collections: Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Pa-
ris, France; Entomology and Nematology Departrnent,
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts,
England; Plant nematology Laboratory Collection, Uni-
ted States departrnent of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary-
land, USA.
DrAGNOSrS AND RELATrONSHIPS
Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. is characterized by two
equally developed female genital branches, vulva almost
at mid-body or ;ust posterior to it, a well differentiated
pseudo-Z-organ, a short tail, rounded-conoid with a ter-
minai peg and absence of the male.
The code in the polytomous key (Loof & Luc, 1990)
is the following :
A4 B2 C5A D6 E56 F(4)5 G(3)4 HI 13 J- K- L-
The new species belongs to the X. coxi-group
(group 5 in Loof & Luc, 1990), among whose species it
very closely resembJes X. lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983 by
Fundam. appl. Nemalol.
Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n.
EB.C.D.G'H20J,lm FA.E
Fig. 1. Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. Female. A, B : Anten'or region; C: Head end (surfa.<:e view); D, E: Posterior branch of the genital
tra.<:t (D: cryswlloid structures in the uterus); F, G, H: Posterior region; 1: Posture of the female.
Vol. 18, n° 1-1995 19
M. A. Bravo & F. Roca
the tail shape and the presence of a pseudo-Z-organ with
very similar inclusion bodies. Morphologically X. cada-
valense sp. n. differs from X. lusitanicum in head shape,
being not so prominently hemispherical, but hemi-ellip-
tical and almost continuous with the rest of the body,
" dorsally and ventrally offset by a very slight depres-
sion" in the original description of X. lusitanicum (Stur-
han, 1983). Lateral pores in the new species are 22 in the
oesophagus region and 3-4 on the tail (16-20 and 2-3
respectively in X. lusitanicum); the tail mucra is shoner
with a larger base and an indistinct blind canal, although
not always clearly visible. Finally crystalloid structures,
variable in length and shape, are observed in the uteri of
sorne specimens (Fig. 1, D). Biometrically, X. cadava-
lense sp. n. has a slightly shorter (L = 4.0-5.3 vs 4.4-
5.9 mm in X. lusitanicum) and more robust body (" a "
value 45.5-68.0 vs 66-78), the " c " value ranges more
widely (72.5-108 vs 87-94), and so also the vulva posi-
tion, although it is more posteriorly situated in sorne
specimens of X. cadavalense sp. n. The" c' " value is
less than 1; the odontostyle is shorter (150.5-164.5 vs
168-175 I-lm); shorter also are the odontophore (90-
106 vs 108-115 I-lm), the distance of guiding ring from
amerior end (126.5-148.5 vs 141-159 I-lm) and the tail
(44.5-59 vs 51-63 I-lm).
In the shape of pseudo-Z-organ inclusion bodies
X. cadavalense sp. n. resembles also X. pseudocoxi Stur-
han 1985, from which it differs mainly in the tail shape,
having a "c'" value less than 1. l\1oreover, the new
species has longer body (4.0-5.3 vs 3.5-4.2 mm), longer
odontostyle (150.5-164.5 vs 104-114 IJ-m), odomo-
phore (90-106 vs 58-64 I-lm) and distance of oral aper-
ture to guiding ring (126.5-148.5 vs 100-112 I-lm); the
vulva is more posteriorly situated (48-55.3 vs 45.2-
47.5). X. cadavalense sp. n. is also similar to X. erriae
Hutsebaut, Heyns & Coomans, 1988, X. hardingi Jou-
bert, Kruger & Heyns, 1988, X. jomercium Joubert, Kru-
ger & Heyns, 1988 and X. lranskezense Joubert, Kruger
& Heyns, 1988. It differs from X. erriae in having longer
body (4.0-5.3 vs 2.9-3.3 nun), longer odontostyle
(150.5-164.5 vs 112-119.5 I-lm), odontophore (90-
106 vs 76-82 I-lm) and tail (44.5-59 vs 31-35.5 I-lm), the
20
vulva is more posteriorly situated (48-55.3 vs 44.9-47.5)
and the pseudo-Z-organ inclusion bodies are differently
shaped (Hutsebaut el al., 1988); from X. hardingi in
having longer body (4.0-5.3 vs 3.36-4.0 mm), longer
odontostyle (150.5-164.5 vs 107-120 IJ-m), odomo-
phore (90-106vs 76-79I-lm), tail (44.5-59·vs 26.3-
30 I-lm) and longer distance of oral opening to guiding
ring (126.5-148.5 vs 81-94 I-lm), differently shaped
pseudo-Z-organ inclusion bodies and absence of the
male Goubert el al., 1988); from X. jornercium in having
longer body (4.0-5.3 vs 3.2-3.85 nun), longer odontos-
tyle (150.5-164.5 'vs 103-113 I-lm), odontophore (90-
106 vs 62-72 IJ-m) and tail (44.5-59 vs 26.3-32.5 I-lm),
the vulva is more posteriorly situated (48-55.3 vs 43-
48); from X. lranskeiense in having longer body (4.0-
5.3 vs 2.6-3.1 mm), longer odomostyle (150.5-164.5 vs
120-133 I-lm), odontophore (90-106 vs 75-88 I-lm),
longer distance of oral opening to guiding ring (126.5-
148.5 vs 94-119IJ-m) and longer tail (44.5-59 vs 21.3-
26.3 I-lm), the vulva is more posteriorly situated (48-
55.3 vs 44-49).
References
HUTSEBAUT, M., HEYNS, ]. & COÜ1'vlANS, A. (1988). The
genus Xiphinerna in South Africa. XVI. New species related
to X. mendlonurn (Nematoda : Dorylaimida). Nernalologica,
33: 127-148.
JOUBERT, A. P., KRUGER, ]. C. DE W. & HEYNS,]. (1988)
The genus Xiphinerna in South Africa. XVII. A study of the
X. irnilalOT group with descriptions of five new species (Ne-
matoda: Dorylaimida). PhYlophylactica, 19: 419-432.
LOOF, P. A. A. & Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key
for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinerna
Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of
the X. amen·canum-group. SySl. Parasil., 16, 35-36.
STURHAN, D. (1983). Description of two new Xiphinema spe-
cies from Portugal with notes on X. pachlmcum and X. opis-
lhohyscenan (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Nernalologica, 29 :
270-283
Fun dam. appl. Nema 10 1.


Xiphinema cadavalense sp. n. (Nemata : Longidoridae) from Portugal

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