Pereira, M.J.

Roca, F.

Horizon / Pleins textes

Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1993,16 (6),515-519
Xiphinema lupini sp. n. (Nematoda Longidoridae)
from Portugal
Francesco ROCA* and Manuel J. PEREIRA**
* Istituto di Nematologia Agraria, CNR, tmv. 174 di via G. Amendola 168/5, 70126 Bari, Italy and
** Centra Nacional da Prolecçao Praduçà Agricola, INIA, Qy.inta do Marquês, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
Accepted for publication 22 March 1993.
Sum.mary - The authors give a description of Xiphinema lupini sp. n. It was found in the rhizosphere of yellow lupin (Lupinus IUleus
L.) at Herdade dos Barr5es, Coucço, Coruche, province of Ribatejo, Portugal. The new species is characterized by two female
genital branches equally developed, vulva almost at mid-body, a rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ, spiniform structures in the uterus,
tail regularly short conical and male abundant. X. lupini sp. n. is similar to X. conumm Siddiqi, 1964 and X. iLaliae Meyl, 1953 from
which it differs mainly in having uterine differentiations.
Résumé - Xiphinema lupini sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) provenant du Portugal- Les auteurs donnent la descrip-
tion de Xiphinema lupini sp. n. Cene nouvelle espèce a été trouvée dans la rhizosphère de lupin (Lupinus IUleus L.) à Herdade dos
Barr5es, Coucço, Coruche, province de Ribatejo, Portugal. X. lupini sp. n. est caractérisé par une vulve médiane, des branches
génitales femelles également développées, un utérus pourvu d'un pseudo-organe Z rudimentaire et de structures spiniformes, une
queue régulièrement conique; les mâles sont abondants. Cene nouvelle espèce est proche de X. conumm Siddiqi, 1964 et X. iLaliae
Meyl, 1953 dont elle se sépare par la présence de différenciations utérines.
Key-words: Nematodes, Xiphinema, yellow lupin, Portugal.
Soil samples were collected by Mrs Fatima Matias
and Mr Mario Rocirigues from the rhizosphere of lupin
(Lupinus luteus L.) at Herdade dos Barràes, Coucço,
Coruche, province of Ribatejo, Portugal. Specimens of
Xiphinema were sent to the Istituto di Nematologia
Agraria as a suspected new species. Examination of this
material by the senior author conf1rmed the previous
opinion and the species is described here as Xiphinema
lupini sp. n.
Xiphinema lupini sp. n.
(Fig. 1)
MEASUREMENTS
Holotype, allotype,Jemales, males andjuveniles : see Ta-
ble 1.
DESCRIPTION
Female: In specimens killed by gentle heat, habitus
usually slightly curved ventrad as J shaped, with in-
creasing curvation behind the vulva in the posterior
part; body cylincirical, tapering towards the anterior ex-
tremiry, more abruptly at the posterior end. Cuticle
1.8-2 f-lm thick along the body, more thickened in the
neck region, where it measures 3-3.5 f-lm at the base of
the Jip region, and on the tail where it is 3.5-4 f-lm ven-
trally and 5.5-6 f-lm dorsally. Lateral hypodermal cards
8-12 f-lm wide at mid-body or 24-36 % of the corre-
lSSN 1164-5571/93/06 S 4.00/ © Gaulhier-Villars - ORSTOM
sponding body diameter. Lateral body pores, three in
the range of the odontosryle, not visible in the rest of the
body; four dorsal and two ventral body pores in the
range of the odontosryle. Labial region rounded laterally
and less sa frontally, offset from the rest of the body by a
conspicuous constriction; amphids stirrup-shaped, with
aperture a straight, transverse slit, accupying about the
60 % of the lip region width, situated on the lip region at
just above the corresponding constriction. Odontosryle
1.5-2 f-lm in diameter; odontophore weil developed with
large basal flanges; guiding tube weil evident with guid-
ing ring 2.5 f-lm wide. Oesophagus dorylaimoid with the
anterior part tubular; the posterior part containing three
nuclei : the dorsal located at the beginning of the oe-
sophageal bulb, the two subventral almost at the middle
of the glandular oesophagus; oesophageal-intestinal
valve inconspicuous, pear-shaped, surrounded by in-
testinal tissue. Reproductive system amphidelphic, with
bath genital branches equally developed and reflexed;
ovary occupying less than one-sixth of the entire genital
branch; oviduct with a slender part consisting of discoid
cells, and a pars dilmata oviductus separated from the
uterus by a very robust sphincter muscle; uterus consist-
ing of a wide and long pars dilalala Ulen~ a tube and an
ovejector. In the uterine portion close to pars dilmata
Uleri in which is generally located the " Z" differentia-
tian, a rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ consisting of a var-
iable number of small granular bodies, generally round-
515

AXiphinema Iupini sp. n.
C A.e.F.G.H.,.J.K.L20 )lm B.C.O
Fig. 1. Xiphinema lupini sp. n. A, 8 : FemaIe, anterior region; C : Head (surface view); 0 : Pseudo-Z-organ; E : Anterior branch of
the genitai tract; F: Female, posterior region; G, H : Male, posterior region; I-L : Posterior region of juveniles, J l-J4 respectively;
M : Posture of juveniles and adult stages.
Vol. 16, n° 6 - 1993 517
F. Roca & M. J. Pereira
Table 2. Distance of the preanal supplements in twenty-one
pararype males (in ~m).
ed, 1.5-2 f.Lm in diameter, is visible. In the lumen of the
tubular portion of the uterus there are spiniform struc-
tures, apparently attached to the internai uterine wall,
with large base and slender tip oriented preferably to-
wards the pseudo-Z-organ. The spiniform structures
are variable in length from 1.5 to 3 f.Lm and are regularly
distributed over the entire tubular portion of the uterus.
Sperm were observed occasionally in the uterus of sorne
females, showing the functionaliry of the male. Protru-
sions of the muscle cells (Coomans el al., 1992) were
observed on the external uterine wall. Prerectum weil
visible; rectum one body width long or slightly more.
Tail conical with ventral profùe almost straight or slight-
ly ventrally curved, dorsal profùe regularly curved and
rounded extremiry, ventrally oriented respect to the
body axis. Two caudal pores are visible on each side of
the tail.
Male: General appearance similar to female with
posterior part of the body more curved. Morphology
and anatomy similar to those of the female except in the
genital apparatus and somatic structures associated with
it; precloacal pair of papillae preceded by two or three
ventral supplements. Distances of preanal supplements
are given in Table 2. Tail different from that of female :
it is shorter with ventral profile slightly curved and dor-
sal one more curved, ending with a large and long mu-
cro, measuring 11-12 f.Lm. Three caudal pores are vis-
ible on each side of the tail.
N Cloaca- Double SI-S2
double pap. pap. -SI
1 130 66.0 33.5
2 17.5 72.0 22.0
3* 17.5 73.5 41.0
4 14.5 67.0 33.0
5 11.0 72.0 40.0
6 14.5 66.0 28.0
7 15.5 73.5 25.5
8 15.5 82.5 24.5
9 14.5 74.5 32.5
10 16.5 76.5 24.0
Il 14.5 71.0 26.5
12 13.0 63.5 36.5
13 13.0 760 26.5
14 13.5 83.5 30.0
15 16.0 71.0 36.5
16 14.0 81.0 29.5
17 14.0 64.5 31.0
18 15.5 76.5 260
19 14.5 70.5 23.0
20 13.5 64.5 32.0
21 14.5 66.5 29.5
518
S2-S3
28.5
23.5
26.5
24.5
19.5
20.0
17.5
17.5
23.5
28.0
37.5
28.0
28.0
Juveniles: Morphologically similar to adult but small-
er; ta il of first stage elongate-conoid, bearing two caudal
pores on each side.
TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY
Rhizosphere of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) at
Herdade dos Barràes, Coucço, Coruche, province of
Ribatejo, Portugal.
TYPE SPECIMENS
Holorype, allorype, eleven pararype females, fourteen
pararype males and juveniles in the Collection of the
Istituto di Nematologia Agraria deI Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy; two pararype females and two
pararype males in each of the following collections: Mu-
séum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; En-
tomology and Nematology Department, Rothamsted
Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts, England;
Plant Nematology Laboratory Collection, United States
Departrnent of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Xiphinema lupini sp. n. is characterized by two female
genital branches equally developed, vulva almost at mid-
body, rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ, spiniform struc-
tures in the uterus and tail regularly short conical. Males
are abundant in X. lupini sp. n.
The code in the polytomous key (Loof & Luc, 1990)
is the following: A4, B2+3, C3, D3+4, E5+6, F4+5,
G2, H3, 12, J2, K2, L2.
ln general appearance X. lupini sp. n. resembles the
species of the X. elongaeum-group (group 7 in Loof &
Luc, 1990), but really it belongs in group 5, in having a
rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ and spiniform structures
in the uterus. Among the species belonging to this group
X. lupini sp. n. resembles X. rarum Heyns, 1979, from
which it differs in having a longer and more slender
body (L= 3.7-4.8 vs 2.56-3.11 mm, "a" value 116-
142.5 vs 55-67), longer odontosryle (107.0-117.5 vs 85-
95 f.Lm), differently shaped Iip region (separated from
the rest of the body by a shallow depression in X. rarum)
and habitus (strongly ventrally curved in X. rarum). Al-
so the structure of the pseudo-Z-organ is different:
globular inclusions are smaller and rather thiner than in
X. rarum where they are closely-associated (Kruger &
Heyns, 1987). Among the species belonging to the
X. elongatum-group, X. lupini sp. n. closely resembles
X. conuntm Siddiqi, 1964 and X. italiae Meyl, 1953.
From X. conurum the new species differs in having slen-
der body (" a" value 116-142.5 vs 74.5-104.5), shorter
odontophore (56-63 vs 62-72 f.Lm) and tail (46.5-63.5
vs 50-85 f.Lm), longer basal bulb (116.5-146 vs 95-
137 f.Lm) and slightly posterior situated vulva (V = 48.3-
54.4 vs 44.4-52.6). In X. lupini sp. n. males are abun-
dant and sperm were found occasionnally in the uterus
Fundam. appl. Nemacol.
of sorne females; the supplements are three or two (see
Table 2) four in X. conurum (Luc & Aubert, 1985). Fi-
nally, X. lupini sp. n. is characterized by the presence in
the uterus of a rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ and spini-
form structures, not observed in X. conurum. From
X. ilaliae, the new species differs mainly in having uter-
ine differentiations (pseudo-Z-organ and spiniform
structures) and male abundant vs, very rare in X. ilaliae.
Compared with biometrical data reported by Martelli el
al. (1966) in the redescription of X. ilaliae, the new
species differs in having longer and slender body (L =
3.7-4.8 vs 2.3-2.78 mm; " a " value 116-142.5 vs 75-
84), longer odontosryle (107-117.5 vs 87-96 J..Lm), dis-
tance of oral opening to guiding ring (99-105.5 vs 76-
87 J..Lm) and basal bulb (116.5-146 vs 95-110 J..Lm),
posterior situated vulva (V = 48.3-54.4 vs 45-46),
shorter tail (46.5-63.5 vs 70-80 J..Lm), higher " c" (65-
87 vs 30-40) and lower " c' " (2.1-2.8 vs 3.2-4.3) val-
ues. Furthermore, both female genital branches are
longer than in X. ilaliae (335.5-459.0 vs 188-248 J..LID
and 282.5-441.0 vs 150-193 J..Lm, anterior and posterior
genital branches, respective1y), and males of X. lupini
sp. n. are different in the tail shape being more rounded
dorsally with digitate terminus.
Vol. 16, n° 6 - 1993
Xiphinema lupini sp. n.
References
CoOMANS, A., CLAEYS, M. & HEYNS, J. (1992). Ultrastruc-
tures of the uterus of Xiphinema pinoides (NemalOda). Fun-
dam. appl. Nen'Uuol., 15 : 341-346.
KRUGER, J. C. DE W. & HEYNS, J. (1987). The genus Xiphine-
ma in southem Africa. XlV. Description of two new species
from Bourke's Luck, Eastern Transvaal and a redescription
of X. rarum Heyns, 1979 (Nemaroda: Dorylaimida). Revue
Némarol., 10: 269-287.
LOOF, P. A. A. & Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key
for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinema
Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda : Longidoridae) with exclusion of
the X. amen'canum-group. SYSI. parasil., 16 : 35-66.
Luc, M. & AUBERT, V. (1985). Xlphinema conurum Siddiqi,
1964, a valid species (Nematoda : Longidoridae). Revue Né-
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Xiphinema lupini sp.n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) from Portugal

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