Dégallier, Nicolas

Pinheiro, F.P.

Sa, F.G.C.

Travassos da Rosa, A.P.A.

Travassos da Rosa, J.F.S.

Vasconcelos, P.F.C.

Horizon / Pleins textes

ARBOVIRUSES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON REGION
Amelia P.A. TRAVASSOS BA ROSA(l), Jorgt F.S. TRAVASSOS BA ROSA(l), Pedro F.e. VAseONCELOS(l), Nicolas
DeGALLIER(2t &Gregorio, C. SA FILHO (1).
(1t Instituto Evandro Chagas, Funda~io Nacional de Saude, Centra Colaborador da 0"5 em Arboviroses e
Centra de Referincia Nacional para Arboviroses, Laboratorio de Arbovirus; CaiKa Postal 1128, "'65,
Belil, Para. Brasil. (2) Entolologista OR5TOH/IEe, eK. Postal 75, Bel,., Para, Brasil.
Studies in the Amazon region of Brazil carried out between
November 1954 and June 1991 revealed the presence of 181 different
t~pes of arboviruses, belonging to several antigenic and taxonomic
groups, some of which include certain viruses not transmitted b~
arthropods. Of these arboviruses, 157 were isolated for the first
time in Brazil and 87 of them have been confirmed to be new to the
world. Thirt~-three of these viruses are known to cause illness in
man. Clinical manifestations range from mild febrile, which ma~ or
ma~ not be accompagnied b~ skin rash and b~ arthralgia to severe and
often fatal haemorrhagic fever. Four arboviral disease considered at
present as the most important in public health are discussed:
Oropouche (ORO), Ma~aro (MAY), Yellow fever (YF) and Dengue (DEN).
ORO virus has caused extensive outbreaks involving thousands of
people. Although some patients were severel~ ill, there were no
fatalities. MAY virus has caused fever with arthralgia and skin
rash. Cases of jungle YellOW fever are recorded almost ever~ ~ear;
the~ ma~ occur sporadicall~ or in outbreaks. DEN outbreaks have been
reported in Boa Vista, Roraima, involving the serot~pes 1 and 4
(Note: this was the fi\-st time fo\- 50 ~eal-S that [tEN has been
confirmed in Brazil) and in Araguaina, Tocantins where the serot~pe
2 was incriminated. It is important to emphasize that DEN virus t~pe
2 was first isolated in Brazil from a human travelling from Luanda,
Angola, in februar~ 1989. Antibodies to eastern equine
encephalom~elitis (EEE), Western equine encephalom~elitis (WEE), and
St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), have been found in inhabitants of the
region but onl~ SLE has been isolated from humans, without
encephalitis.
The maintenance c~cles of arboviruses in the Amazon region
are often complex, involving wild vertebrates such as primates,
birds, rodents, bats, marsuPials, sloths as well as reptiles and
amphibians. The mosquitoes genel-a Haema!10!1U5, Ca]e,,<" , ,~€d€s,
Psorop/'ora, 8.'ib€tnss and W::J€onTyi.';I aloe important ve c t or s of
ar bov r r u ses in the l-egion. Haema!1o!1(.(s J:~nt/'inonT::Js is the p\-incipal
vector of both I'IAY and YF. Cu li co i de s p.~ral:n5.is is the Pl-imal'~
vector of ORO virus during urban epidemics. The onl~ means to solve
the problem of epidemic dengue is actuall~ the control of its vector
A€de-a aeg::Jpti, since a vaccine is not ~et d i sp on Lb l e ,
29
_._.- -OErlGUE
------OFlOPOUCHE
_ ••_ ••__ IEllOW IEUER
-lC-X- - MAYAHU
•••••••..••••....••• - stlDJlSISUI
------E[E
_·._-·--W[E
Fig. 1: Areas of YF, MAY, ORO, DEN, SLE, EEE& WEE viruses
distribution in the Brazilian Amazon according to
data from virological and serological studies at
Instituto Evandro Chagas.
30
(
;{
I:
I NVERTEBRA TE
H 0 S T S
VERTEBUTE DISEASE IN IWI
WILD NATURAL l.AIlORATDRY
ItOSQUlTO SAHDFLIES ItIDGES OTHERS HIIIWIS ItMKALS BIRDS REPTILES OTHERS SEltTlNElS IIIFECTIOK INFECTIOM NfTIBODIES
IIRlDAE
tflpAavirus
GrouP A
auRAl •
m • • • • • •
t1AYARO • • • • • •
WI1Illf • • • • • •
f.UlJHat • • • +
lJliQl •
WEE •
UngrOUPed
TRI!(!T! • •
IVIRIDAE
FIavivirus
Group B
BtlSSlJQUARAI • • • •CACI PBt!!REI •
DENGUE 1 • • •
DENGll£ 2 • •
DENGUE 4 • • •
YELLOW FEVER • • • •
!LHEUS • • • • • •
St. LOUIS • • • • • •
fAVIRlDAE
&myavirus
Group AnoPhl!1rs A
ARUl'IATEUAI •
CARAIf'E1 •
LUKUNI •
IaW1IMI • • • •
TRDMB~TASI +
TUCURUil t +
Group Bun,amra
laClIt •
KAIRI • +
IlACAUII • +
lla6IJWt t +
mmt +
TUCUNIIUBAt t •
IAlASSl!lf t
XllWll' •
Group C
mt .. ~1 .. • •CARAWllI • + .. t •
lIADIll1 + + + + +
IiARllIJ.8a I + + + + +
l1lIRIlIWl1 + + + + +
NEPUYO + + +
!lRIm* + + + + +
BE H55461 + + + +
Group California
GUAROA + + + +
lIDO +
SEW DO NAUIQI +
Group Capil
~I + + +
BWIDES' + + +
BElI£lCAI + + +
BUSI!BUSH + + +
WlIlI + + +
6llAJARA1 + + +
~ORICHE +
Group Guboa
GAKBOA-LIKE +
Group Gum
NtAHltffiEIJAI + + +
BIMIT! + + +
Wll' + + + + + +
_I + + + + +
l1lRl1l1 + + +
l10Jlll + + +
1lKBOIWAI + +
Group Silbll
J6IU1 +
OROPOUCHE + + + + + +
1IillGQ' +
GrollP Tllr)ock
TURLOCK + + +
Bunyavirus-l ite
Group Pleora
PACORA-llKEI '+
PhlebQvirus
Group PhlrbotOllls
WW1 + +
el1B£1 +
AHIlAli6A' +
BW£BRAI +
mJJaRUl +
~t + +
~' + +
lIAlJ.!lBA' +
UAf'QRANW + +
JACUNDA, +
.llllll +
~t +32 +
&Ili6lJBA' +
r :;:-.-
I i
'f i
;1- t1IIR1IHBf iIJRIURAMIII +
IJRIJtIlRlI t
AA 4856781
Hses24ell i
UngrOUPrd
B1WI -I
I1DJUi DOS CAIlF'OSI -I
illal
samREIll +
livirus
Group Dhanguinola
al.IlWll11 +
aillI1l.BtIl -I
ARACAil -I
ARATAUI +
ARUANaI +
ASSIlRINISI +
BACAJA:I -I
9AKAJ~1 -I
BALBlNAI -I
WltJ.IItI +
CMDALI -I
tnARll +
GOROTIREI +
GlJ&\f.l1 +
1.llil!.la1 +
.!Al1BWf -I
JANDI41 -I
.lW1
JATUARAKAI -I
"i{!TAil -I
MONTE DOIJRADOf +
~UCURAI i
_.
-I
~ACAJ~I i
PARAKANb -I
f'ARAKATlI +
PARAUAPEBASI +
~ARUI +
PEPENDANAI -I
PIHllOBAII +
PIRATUDAI +
PURUSf +
~I -I
SlJRUBIMI -I
TAPlROPel +
TIHBOIALI +
TllCANTlNSI +
1RACAHBEI
TUEREI +
TUKUCUHAQUE! -I
UATUMI* + 33
~XITUBAI +
.'1111111//11/1/,
AR 446985' +
AA 447'24' +
AA 498492' +
AR 491496' +
AA 491065' +
AA 4956'51 +
AR 496198' +
AR 496814* +
AR 496'21' +
AA 496'34' +
AR 498935. +
AA 5025451 +
AR 515169* +
AA 595171* +
AR S'5171' +
AR 515172' +
6rOUP torriparh
ACADO-lIKE' +
JACAREACAHGA* +
UngrOUPed
!ERI +
lIl!P!RANllA. +
mm' +
RHABDOVIRltlAE
\lesicuJQvirus
6rOUP Kart Park
KDSQUElRQ. +
6rOUP loth
lWAITH!KE' + +
Group K055Ur i1
~. +
1IaRCD' +
6roup Tilbo
cw:o* +
5ENA KMlURElRQ* +
ll!md' +
6rOUP \/.5.\/.
~. +
COCAl
JIlBDHll' +
I1WBAI +
em* +
+
lIngrOUP I!d
ARUAC +
!NHANGAt'!1 +
XlBUWlA* +
~RENA\lIRlDAE
~rmavirus
6roup Tacaribe
AIfa£8Rl. 34 +
aRAGIIaRl
'
+
'/1"" ., "..-;.r·.1 ' < •
! ----_.
I
/
L + + +
AGIIQ fRETAI +
Imgrauped
COTlHll[1 +
AIIYXOUIRlDAE
Ungrauped
J1M:llW1 +
LASSlFIEDS
Ungrauped
CAJAZE!RAI +
CODAJ4S1 +
GAllBII +
lTACAlullASI
IRIRII +
JURUACItI +
PAPURAI +
FARlxAl +
TROCARAI +
AR 4787921 +
AR 4923471 +
TOT A L
* Isolated at 1.st. time in Brazil
Con~irmed as new t~pes to the world
35
1.B1.
1.57
B7
~/.,.;~
"7', "11.
t.
December, 1991
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Editor's comments
ACAV Treasury Report (as of August 31, 1991)
"Classification and nomenclature of viruses"
(reviewed by R. Akkina)
"Studies on the natural history of yellow fever in
Trinidad" (reviewed by C.H. Calisher)
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
(Objectives, Fellowships, SUbscriptions, and
PUblications)
i
ii
iii
v
vi
(Continued on next page)
PURPOSE OF THE ARBOVIRUS INFORMATION EXCHANGE:
To exchange information on a timely basis. The recipients are
those who study various aspects of arboviruses. The Exchange
contains preliminary reports, summaries, observations, and
comments submitted voluntarily by qualified agencies and
individual investigators. The appearance in the Exchange of any
information, data, opinions, or views does not constitute formal
publication and should not be referred to in "Reference" sections
of papers or included in lists of pUblications. The Exchange is
not a "peer reviewed" pUblication; in fact, it is not a
pUblication at all. Any reference to or quotation of any part of
the Exchange must be authorized directly by the agency or person
submitting the text.


Arboviruses in the Brazilian Amazon region

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