Pereira, M.J.

Roca, F.

Horizon / Pleins textes

Xiphinema abrantinum sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) 
from Portugal 
Francesco ROCA* and  Manuel J. PEREIRA** 
* Istituto di Nenzatologia Agraria, CNR, via G. Anzendola 165/a, 70126  Bari, Italy, and 
** Centro Nacional de  Protecçdo da Produçiio  Agricola, INIA, 2780 Oeiras,  Portugal. 
SUMMARY 
Xiphinema abrantinurn sp.  n.  is  described  and  illustrated. It was found  in the rhizosphere  of  peach (Prunus persica Stokes) at 
Casal  Coelheira,  Tramagal,  Abrantes,  province of Ribatejo,  Portugal. The new  species  is  similar to X. dissimile Roca,  Pereira & 
Lamberti, 1988, X. israeliae Luc,  Brown & Cohn, 1982, X. nzeridiatzum Heyns,  1971, X. sahelense Dalmasso, 1969 and X. coxi 
europaeunz Sturhan, 1985. X. abrapztinum is characterized by the pseudo-Z-organ and one rudimentary ventro-median single 
supplement in the  male. 
&SUME 
Xiphinema  abrantinum sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) provenant  du Portugal 
Xiphinenza abrantinunz sp.  n.  est  décrit et figuré.  Cette  nouvelle  espèce  a  été  prélevée  dans  la  rhizosphere  de  pêcher (Prunus 
persica Stokes) à Casal  Coelheira,  Tramagal,  Abrantes,  province  de  Ribatejo,  Portugal. X abrantinum sp.  n.  appartient  au  groupe 
des  espèces à vulve médiane, branches génitales également développées pourvues d’une différenciation utérine (pseudo-organe 
(( Z D), queue  conoïde  convexe  dorsalement et arrondie à son  extrémité.  Cette  espèce  est  proche  de X. dissimile Roca,  Pereira & 
Lamberti, 1988, X. israeliae Luc, Brown & Cohn, 1982, X. meridianum Heyns, 1971, X. sahelense Dalmasso, 1969 et X. coxi 
europaeunz Sturhan,  1985. X. abrantinum sp.  n.  est  caractérisé  par  le  pseudo-organe (( Z n et un seul  supplément,  rudimentaire, 
chez  le  mâle. 
Specimens of Xiphinema collected by Mr. M. Mar- 
ques de Matos  at Casal Coelheira, Tramagal,  Abrantes, 
province of Ribatejo, Portugal, were sent by Dr. M. J. 
Pereira to the Istituto di Nematologia Agraria as a 
suspected new species. Examination of this material 
confirmed Dr. Pereira’s opinion and  the species is 
described  here as Xiphinema abrarztinuwz sp.  n. 
Nematodes were extracted from soi1 samples by the 
Cobb wet  sieve technique, killed and fixed in 5 O/O hot 
formalin  and  mounted  in glycerin on nematology slides 
by the slow method.  Specimens were measured  with the 
aid of a camera  lucida. 
Xiphinema  abrantinum sp. n. 
(Figs 1, 2) 
MEASUREMENTS 
Female, nzale and juveniles : see Table 1. 
Holotype (female) : L = 3.5 mm; a = 85; b = 7.3; 
c = 84; cf = 1.4; V = 46.7; odontostyle = 123.5 Pm; 
odontophore = 72 Pm; total  spear  length = 195.5  Pm; 
oral aperture  to guiding  ring = 11 1.5 Pm;  tail  length = 
42.5 Pm; h (hyalin portion of the tail) = 16  Pm;  body 
Revue Nénzatol. 14 (4) : 485-490 (1991) 
diameter at lip region = 14.5 pm; body diameter at 
guiding  ring = 34 Pm;  body  diameter at base of 
oesophagus = 36.5 pm;  body  diameter at vulva = 
42 pm; body  diameter at  anus = 29.5 Pm; body 
diameter at beginning of h = 13.5 pm. 
Allotype (male) : L = 3.7 mm; a = 88.5; b = 8.7; c 
= 81.5; c’ = 1.5;  odontostyle = 124 Pm; odontophore 
= 66.5 Pm;  total  spear  Iength = 190.5 Pm;  oral 
aperture to guiding ring = 112.5 Pm; tail length = 
45.5 Pm; h = 14 Pm; body diameter at lip region = 
14.5 Pm;  body  diameter at  guiding  ring = 34 Pm; body 
diameter at base of oesophagus = 38 pm; body diameter 
at mid-body = 42 Pm;  body  diameter at anus = 30 Pm; 
body diameter at beginning of h = 9.5  Pm;  spicules = 
50.5 Pm; gubernaculum = 12.5 Pm; cloaca to double 
papilla = 9 Pm; double  papilla to atrophied  supplement 
= 175.5 Pm. 
DESCRIPTION 
Fenzale : Habitus an open  letter C in specimens killed 
by gentle  heat;  body  robust, cylindrical, tapering very 
gradually towards the anterior extremity; cuticle with 
very fine  transverse  striations, 2-2.5 Pm thick  along the 
485 
E Roca & M. J. Pereira 
Table 1 
Morphometrics of Xiphinema abrantinunz sp. n. (parames) (al1  measurements in Pm, except L) 
YI Y2 Y3 Y4 Ferrrales Males 
n 
L (mm) 
a 
b 
C 
Cf 
v 
Odontostyle 
Odontophore 
Total  spear length 
Replacement  odontostyle 
Oral  aperture to guiding  ring 
Tai1 length 
h  (hyalin  portion of the tail) 
Body  diam. at lip  region 
Body diam. at guiding  ring 
Body diam. at base of oesophagus 
Body  diam. at mid-body or vulva 
Body diam. at anus 
Body  diam. at beginning of h 
Spicules 
Lateral guiding piece 
l 
4 
1.3-1.4 
(1.3 f 0.03) 
52.0-59.0 
(54.5 f 3.2) 
4.2-4.9 
(4.4 f 0.32) 
22.0-24.3 
(23.1 f 0.93) 
3.1-3.6 
(3.3 k 0.26) 
- 
- 
67.1-69.4 
(68.0 f 1.13) 
41.2-47.7 
(45.7 f 3.09) 
108.2-117.1 
:113.7 13.91) 
83.5-88.8 
(86.2 t 2.74) 
60.0-61.2 
(60.6 f 0.48) 
54.7-58.8 
(57.5 4 1.88) 
10.6-15.9 
(13.2 Ir 2.47) 
8.8-10.0 
(9.6 f 0.56) 
20.0-21.2 
(20.6 f 0.48) 
21.2-25.3 
(23.5 k 1.73) 
22.9-25.8 
(24.4 f 1.40) 
16.5-18.8 
(17.4 ? 1.13) 
6.5-7.7 
(6.9 ?: 0.56) 
- 
9 
- 
- 
9 
1.7-2.1 
(1.9 f 0.17) 
53.3-81.1 
(61.7 k 8.61) 
4.6-5.8 
(5.1 k 0.37) 
29.9-33.9 
(31.5 f 1.24) 
2.4-4.1 
(2.8 f 0.52) 
- 
- 
75.9-89.4 
(83.1 t4.73) 
50.0-55.3 
(52.5 f 1.88) 
126.5-143.0 
(135.7 f 5.50) 
91.8-105.9 
(101.7 4 4.88) 
71.8-81.2 
(77.5 4 2.91) 
51.8-66.5 
(59.1 4 4.81) 
12.9-18.8 
(15.9's 2.24) 
10.6-11.8 
(11.4f 0.51) 
22.4-27.7 
(25.4 f 1.40) 
25.3-31.8 
(29.1 f 2.10) 
25.9-34.7 
(30.4 t 2.82) 
15.9-25.9 
(21.9 f 2.83) 
7.1-10.6 
(846 t 1.25) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
11 
2.0-2.5 
(2.3 f 0.12) 
58.1-76.5 
(69.5 t 5.15) 
4.8-8.7 
(5.8 4 1.02) 
34.3-47.6 
(42.3 t 3.48) 
1.9-2.4 
(2.1 4 0.17) 
- 
- 
83.5-108.8 
(99.9 f 6.13) 
54.1-63.5 
(60.3 4 2.53) 
137.7-172.3 
(160.3 f 8.40) 
102.9-131.2 
(119.8 4 6.71) 
72.9-100.6 
(91.1 f 6.96) 
47.6-58.8 
(54.9 f 3.79) 
14.7-22.9 
(18.6 f 2.80) 
10.6-12.9 
(12.2 4 0.75) 
26.5-30.6 
(29.0 f 1.34) 
30.0-35.3 
(32.3 f 1.52 
30.6-37.1 
(33.4 t 2.02) 
24.1-27.6 
(25.7 4 1.21) 
8.2-13.5 
(10.4 f 1.32) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 
2.5-2.8 
(2.6 f 0.16) 
66.2-76.0 
(71.6 t 4.34) 
5.8-6.7 
(6.1 f 0.40) 
48.0-55.7 
(51.1 f 3.59) 
1.8-2.2 
(1.9 f 0.20) 
- 
- 
104.1-106.5 
(105.4 f 1.21) 
61.2-64.1 
(62.3 ? 1.44) 
165.9-169.4 
(167.8 f 1.47) 
120.6-128.2 
(125.2 f 3.27) 
96.5-100.0 
(98.4 f 1.88) 
47.7-57.1 
(51.8 f 3.93) 
14.1-21.8 
(17.2 4 3.24) 
12.3-12.9 
(12.8 f 0.29) 
29.4-30.6 
(30.2 f 0.56) 
34.7-36.5 
(35.6 f 0.76 
35.9-37.7 
(36.9 t 0.74) 
25,9-28.8 
(27.1 4 1.27) 
8.2-12.9 
(io.6 f 1.92) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
31 
3.14.5 
(3.6 4 0.45) 
73.2-131.2 
(88.1 f 16.89) 
6.9-9.8 
(7.9 f 0.83) 
63.4-107.3 
(79.1 4 10.99) 
1.2-2.3 
(1.6 4 0.25) 
41.8-53.7 
(47.0 f 3.09) 
107.1-134.1 
(121.6 ? 6.72) 
61.8-75.9 
(69.5 f 3.36) 
169.4-203.5 
(191.0 f 9.42) 
- 
- 
100.0-125.9 
(113.8 i 6.93) 
36.5-56.5 
(46.1 f 4.72) 
11.2-20.6 
(16.3 4 2.52) 
11.8-15.3 
(14.1 f 1.16) 
27.1-38.2 
(33.7 f 3.03) 
31.2-42.4 
(38.3 f 2,79) 
34.7-49.4 
(41.6 t 3.47) 
22.9-35.3 
(29.1 4 2.82) 
9.4-14.1 
(12.6 f 1.20) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
20 
3.04.0 
(3.4 ?: 0.23) 
76.0-97.2 
(86.3 ? 5.68) 
6.6-8.1 
(7.4 f 0.38) 
54.4-73.9 
(66.6 f 5.36) 
1.5-1.9 
(1.6 f 0.14) 
- 
- 
117.1-130.6 
(123.6 f 4.39) 
65.8-72.3 
(69.2 f 1.87) 
185.3-200.6 
(192.8 f 4.54) 
- 
- 
106.5-122.3 
(113.8 f 4.60) 
45.8-61.2 
51.8 f 4.50) 
14.7-23.5 
(19.9 f 2.58) 
13.5-15.3 
(14.4 4 0.45) 
31.7-37.1 
(34.3 f 1.13) 
33,5-41.2 
(38.2 f 1.85) 
35.345.3 
(39.9 f 2.67) 
28.8-32.9 
(31.1 f 1.06) 
10.6-14.1 
(12.4 f 1.24) 
49.4-58.2 
(54.3 4 2.51) 
(13.2 f 1.29) 
10.6-15.8 
Revue Nénzatol. 14 (4) : 485-490  (1991) 
Xiphinema abrantinum sp. n. 
J K L 
, p' " 
J2 
Fig. 1. Xiphinenzu ubruntinum sp.  n. A, B : Female,  anterior  region; C : Head  end  (surface view); D : Pseudo-Z-organ; E : Posterior 
branch of the  genital  tract; F, G : Female  posterior  region; H, 1 : Male  posteriof  region;  J-M : Posterior  region of juveniles, Jl-J4 
respectively; N : Posture of juveniîe and  adult stages. 
Revue Nématol. 14 (4) : 485-490 (199 ) 481 
t 
E Roca C M. J. Pereira 
Fig. 2. Xiphinema  abrantinum sp.  n.  Male. A-C : Posterior  part of the body  showing  position of ventral  atrophied  supplement and 
of ventromedian  papillae; D : Spicules. 
body, more  thickened in the neck region, where it 
measures  3.5-4 pm  at  the base of lip region, and  in  the 
caudal  region where it is 4.5-5 pm ventrally and dorsally 
in  the post  anal  portion;  lateral  hypodermal  cords readily 
visible throughout  the  length of the body, 7-8 pm wide 
at nid-body or 18-20 O/o of the corresponding body 
diameter; lateral body pores, 5-6 in the range of the 
odontostyle,  arranged in a  single-row in  the neck  region 
488 
and in a  double row in  the rest of the body from the level 
of the intestine; two dorsal and  four ventral body pores 
in the range of the odontostyle, well evident  in the neck 
region and  in  the  rest of the body. Labial region 7-8 pm 
high, hemispherical, widely rounded laterally and less so 
frontally, offset from the rest of the body by a wide 
depression; amphids large, stinup-shaped, with aper- 
ture  a wide, straight,  transverse  slit;  odontostyle 
Revue Nématol. 14 (4) : 485-490 11991) 
Xiphinema  abrantinum sp. 71. 
-~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~ 
Table 2 
Xiphinema  abrantinunt sp.  n.  Position of the ventral  rudimen- 
tary supplement and ventro-median papillae in 20 paratype 
males (in p). 
N O  Cloaca- Double pap. 
double pap. s1 
1 11 215 
2  9 207 
3  8.5 197 
4 8.5 210 
5  9.5 202 
6  9.5 235 
7  8 223 
8 10 182 
9 11 213 
10 11 227 
11 10 129 
12  10 117 
13 11 191 
14  9 no  atrophied  supplement 
15 11 191, 1 ventro-median  papilla 
16  10 129, 1 ventro-median  papilla 
17  8 210,  3 ventro-median  papillae 
18  9 189, 3 ventro-median  papillae 
19  10 217, 3 ventro-median  papillae 
20 11 198, 3 ventro-median  papillae 
1.5-2 pm  in diameter;  basal  flanges 12.5-13 pm wide and 
guiding “ tube ” well evident, variable in length from 6 
to 18 pm, with robust guiding ring, 4.5-5 pm wide; 
oesophagus  dorylaimoid with the anterior  part tubular; 
basal  enlarged  portion 110-120 pm long and 18-20 pm 
wide, containing three nuclei well evident : the dorsal 
located at the beginning of the basal bulb, the two 
subventral  almost  at  the  middle of the  glandular 
oesophagus; oesophageal-intestinal  valve heart-shaped. 
Reproductive  system  amphidelphic,  with  equally devel- 
oped  branches; vulva slit-like, situated slightly anterior 
to mid  body; vagina extending about 213 of the corre- 
sponding body diameter;  uterus 280-300 pm  in  length, 
consisting of a  proximal  tubular  portion and a  distal part 
in which  a  pseudo-Z-  differentiation  occurs;  no  spines 
or  other  structures visible along the whole length of the 
uterus;  pseudo-Z-organ  consisting of a  variable number 
of rounded or oval globules (12-15), with  smooth  sur- 
face, arranged more or less parallel to  the axis of the 
uterns;  tubular  part of uterus followed distally by a  large 
spermatheca delimited from the oviduct by a robust 
sphincter; oviduct consisting of a large pouch and a 
tubular portion; ovaries reflexed. Prerectum 530 pm 
(350-800) long;  rectum  extending  slightly  more  than  the 
body  width at the anus. Tail conoid with rounded 
terminus, mainly curved dorsally with ventral profile, 
Revue Nématol. 14 (4) : 485-490 (1991) 
almost  straight, in line  with  body  contour,  without peg, 
but with a blind terminal canal; two or three caudal 
pores  are  evident  on each side of the tail. 
Male : General appearance similar to female with 
posterior  part of the body  more  curved.  Morphology and 
anatomy  similar to female  except in  the genital  appar- 
atus  and  the  somatic  structures  associated with it;  testis 
well developed;  spicules  curved, not cephalated;  lateral 
guiding pieces rounded posteriorly and bifid at the 
anterior end. Precloacal pair of papillae very evident 
preceded by one  rudimentary  ventral  supplement;  on six 
of twenty specimens examined, one or three ventro- 
median  papillae (Luc & Cohn, 1982), are visible between 
double  papilla and atrophied  supplement; only one  male 
withouth  atrophied  supplement  (distribution and posi- 
tion of double  papilla  and of rudimentary  supplement is 
given for  each of the males in  Table 2.) Tail similar to 
that of female but more  curved dorsally, with the 
rounded extremity ventrally located in relation to the 
body axis; three  or four caudal  pores on each  side of the 
tail. 
Juveniles : Morphologically  similar to adult  females 
but smaller;  tail of first  stage  conoid-elongated. 
? k p E  HOST AND  LOCALITY 
Rhizosphere of Prunus persica Stokes, at Casa1 Coel- 
heira, Tramagal,  Abrantes,  Province of Rbatejo, Portu- 
gal. 
TYPE SPECIMENS 
Holotype, allotype, 25  paratype  females, 14 paratype 
males and juveniles in  the collection of the  Istituto  di 
Nematologia  Agraria  del  Consiglio  Nazionale  delle 
Ricerche, Bari, Italy; two paratype females and two 
paratype males in each of the following collections : 
Muséum national  d’Histoire  naturelle,  Laboratoire  des 
Vers, Paris, France;  Nematology  Department, Ro- 
thamsted  Experimental  Station,  Harpenden,  Herts, 
England;  Plant  Nematology  Laboratory Collection, 
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, 
Maryland, USA. 
DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS 
Xiphinema  abrantinum sp.  n. is characterized by two 
female  genital  branches  equally  developed,  almost  equa- 
torial vulva, pseudo-Z-organ and tail conoid, curved 
dorsally and  almost  straight  ventrally with rounded 
terminus. The male is characterized by one  rudimentary 
ventro-median supplement. By this unusual character 
X. abrantinum sp. n. can be distinguished from the 
closely resembling species. 
489 
E Roca & M. J. Pereira 
The new species belongs to  the X. coxi-group. On  the 
other aspects X. abruntinum sp. n. is similar to X. 
dissimile Roca, Pereira & Lamberti, 1988, also found  in 
Portugal, X. israeliae Luc, Brown & Cohn, 1982, X. 
meridianum Heyns, 1971, X. sahelense Dalmasso, 1969 
and X. coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985. It resembles X. 
dissimile most, from which it differs in having  shorter 
body  length (L of X. dissimile :female 4.6-5.8 mm, male 
4.2-5.7 mm), lower “ c ” value of female (63-107 vs 
97-135),  lower number of dorsal cervical pores (2 w 7 in 
X. dissimile) and differently shaped inclusions in the 
pseudo-Z-organ (rosette-shaped in X. dissimile); from 
X. israeliae in having a differently shaped tail (clearly 
digitate in X. israeliae) and  in  the presence of a 
pseudo-Z-organ  (absent in X. israeliae); from X. men’- 
dianum in having  longer  odontostyle (107-134 vs 
95-102 Pm), wider lip region, presence of males and 
different  structure of pseudo-Z-organ;  from X. sahelense 
in having a shorter  body  length and odontostyle (L = 
4.00 mm, odontostyle = 130 pm in X. sahelense) and 
pseudo-Z-organ  (absent in X. sahelense); and  from X. 
Accepté pour  publication le 30 juillet 1990. 
coxi  europaeum in having slightly a shorter  body  (gen- 
erally more  than 4.00 mm  in X. coxi  europaeum), 
differently shaped lip region (almost continuous with 
the rest of the-body  in X. coxi  europaeum), pseudo-Z- 
organ and tail of the male (more rounded in X. coxi 
europaeum). 
The code in  the  polytomous key (Loof & Luc, 1990) 
is the following : A4, B2, C34, D45,  E456,  F345, G2, H2, 
13, J3, K2, L2. 
REFERENCES 
LOOF, P. A. A. & LUC, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key 
for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinema 
Cobb,  1913  (Nematoda : Longidoridae) with exclusion of 
the X. americanum-group.  Systematic Parasitology, 16 : 
Luc, M. & COHN, E. (1982). The male of Xiphinema  index 
Thome & Allen,  1950  (Nematoda : Longidoridae). Revue de 
Nérnatologie, 5 : 211-215. 
35-66. 
490 Revue Nérnatol. 14 (4) : 485-490 (1991) 


Xiphinema abrantinum sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) from Portugal

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