Les auteurs donnent la description de #Xiphinema hispidum$ sp. n. provenant de la rhizosphère de pêcher à Quinta do Anjo, Palmela, Portugal. #X. hispidum$ sp. n. est caractérisé par une vulve quelque peu antérieurement située, des branches génitales également développées, un utérus pourvu d'un pseudo-organe Z rudimentaire et d'épines, une queue conoïde portant une digitation terminale. La nouvelle espèce est proche de #X. belmontense$ Roca & Pereira, 1992, #X. diversum$ Roca, Lamberti, Santos & Abrantes, 1989, #X. loteni$ Heyns, 1986n #X; smoliki$ Luc & Coomans, 1988, #X; shlaerocephalum$ Lamberti, Castillo, Gomez-Barcina & Agostinelli, 1992 et #X. thorneanum$ Luc, Loof & Coomans, 1986. (Résumé d'auteur

Bravo, M.A.

Roca, F.

Horizon / Pleins textes

Fundam. appl. Nemawl., 1994, 17 (1), 79-84
Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) from Portugal
Francesco ROCA * and M. Antonia BRAVO **
* lstilulo di Nematologia Agraria, CNR, trav. 174 di via G. Amendola, 168/5, 70126 Bari, Italy and
** Estaçào Agron6mica Nacional, !NIA, Quinta do Marqués, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal.
Accepted for publication 6 July 1993.
Summary - The authors give a description of Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. It was found in the rhizosphere of peach at Quinta do
Anjo, Palmela, Pormgal. The species is characterized by t\Vo equally developed female genital branches, vulva slightly anterior to
mid-body, an indistinct pseudo-Z-organ, spiniform strucmres in the uterus and tail short conical with subdigitate terminus in
females and digitate in males. X. hispidum sp. n. is similar ta X. belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992, X. diversum Roca, Lamberti,
Santos & Abrantes, 1989, X. loteni Heyns, 1986, X. smoliki Luc & Coomans, 1988, X. sphaerocephalum Lamberti, Castillo,
Gomez-Barcina & Agostinelli, 1992, and X. thorneanum Luc, Loof & Coomans, 1986.
Résumé - Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) provenant du Portugal - Les auteurs donnent la
description de Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. provenant de la rhizosphère de pêcher à Quinta do Anjo, Palmela, Portugal. X. hispidum
sp. n. est caractérisé par une vulve quelque peu antérieurement simée, des branches génitales également développées, un utérus
pourvu d'un pseudo-organe Z rudimentaire et d'épines, une queue conoïde portant une digitation terminale. La nouvelle espéce est
proche de X. belmomense Roca & Pereira, 1992, X. diversum Roca, Lamberti, Santos & Abrantes, 1989, X. loteni Heyns, 1986, X.
smoliki Luc & Coomans, 1988, X. shhaerocephalum Lamberti, Castillo, Gomez-Barcina & Agostinelli, 1992 et X. thomeanurn Luc,
Loof & Coomans, 1986.
Key-words : Xiphinema, Portugal.
During a survey carried out in Porrugal populations
of Xiphinema were collected from several localities and
hosts. The specimens were sent to the Istituto di Nema-
tologia Agraria di Bari for a collaborative taxonomie
study. Detailed observations revealed the presence of an
undescribed species recovered from soil around the
raots of peach at Quinta do Anjo, Palmela, Porrugal.
Morphometric data, description and illustration of the
new species named Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. are given.
Nematodes were extracted from soil sampies by the
Cobb wet sieve technique, killed and fixed in 5 % hot
formaldehyde and mounted in glycerin by the slow
method.
Xiphinerna hispidurn sp. n.
(Fig. 1)
MEASUREMENTS
Holotype) allotypeJemales) males andju'veniles : see Ta-
ble 1.
DESCRIPTION
Female: Habitus in specimens killed by gentle heat
usually open C-shaped, almost straight anteriorly and
more curved behind the vulva, occasionally ]-shaped;
body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards the anterior
extremity. Cuticle appearing smooth at the anterior re-
gion, but with very fine transverse striations along the
body and at the posterior region, 2-2.5 f.lm thick along
the body, more thickened in the neck region, where it
measures 2.5-3 f.lm at the base of lip region, and on the
tail where it is 5-5.5 f.lm thick ventrally and 6.5-7 f.lm
dorsally. Lateral hypodermal cords weil visible through-
out the length of the body, 10-13 f.lm wide at mid-body
or 24.5-25 % of the corresponding body diameter; lat-
eral body pores, six seldom seven in the range of the
odontostyle, arranged in a single row in the neck region
and in a double row in the rest of the body, distributed
irregularly along the dorsal and ventral sides of the lat-
eral cords; four ventral and three dorsal body pores in
the range of the odontostyle. Labial region rounded lat-
erally and less so frontally, offset from the rest of the
body by a wide depression; amphids stirrup-shaped,
with aperrure a straight, transverse slit, occupying al-
most four fifths of the lip region width, situated in the lip
region just anterior to the level of the depression. Odon-
tostyle 2.5-3 f.lm in diameter; odontophore weil devel-
oped with conspicuous basal flanges and guide sheath
variable in length (Table 1), with guiding ring 3.5-4 f.lm
wide. Oesophagus typical of the genus; dorsal gland
nucleus located at the beginning of the oesophageal
bulb, the two subventral ones at the middle, or just
posteriorly; oesophago-intestinal valve pear-shaped,
surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system
amphidelphic, with both genital branches equally devel-
oped; ovary small occupying 15-16 % of the entire gen-
ital branch; oviduct with a siender part consisting of
155N 1164-5571/94/01179 06 S 4.00/ © Gauthier-Villars - OR5TOM 79
F. Roca & M. A. Bravo
Table 1. Morphomem'cs of Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. (aU measurements in wn excepl L).
Holorype AlIotype Paratype females males JI J2 J3 J4
1 1 40 8 3 3 4 Il
L(mm) 37 4.8 3.6-4.5 3.9-4.9 !J-1.5 1.5-1.7 18-2.2 2.4--3.2
(4.0 ±0.21) (4.5 ±0.33) (14 ±0.01) (1.6±0.16) (2.0 ±0.13) (2.9±0.19)
93.5 119.5 90.5-110.0 101.5-117.5 52.0-59.0 547-617 67.4-73.5 75.3-94.8
(99.5 ±4.93) (108.5 ±5.25) (55.5 ±5.13) (57.6 ±3.65) (69.8 ±2.72) (85.5 ±575)
b 7.5 106 60-9.5 9.2-105 4.5-5.0 4.2-5.0 5.2-5.9 5.8-9.1
(8.5 ±0.56) (9.8 ±0.52) (50 ±0.4-0) (4.5 ±0.40) (5.5 ±0.34) (6.9 ±078)
78.5 97.5 710-96.5 90.0-112.0 21.5-22.0 23.8-26.4 31.4-34.9 47.2-547
(84.0± 724) (105.8 ±7.56) (21.8 ±0.37) (249 ±129) (327 ±!J2) (50.5 ±2.15)
c' 165 15 1.4-1.8 1.2-14 3.3-3.8 3.1-3.2 2.6-2.9 18-2.3
(1.6 ±0.11) (13±0.07) (3.5 ±0.34) (3.1 ±0.04) (2.8 ±0.12) (2.2 ±0.12)
V 46.8 45.5-49.5
(47.5 ±0.99)
Lip reg. diam. 12.5 13.0 115-16.0 12.5-13.5 9.5-10.0 10.0-11.0 100-110 110-12.5
(12.5 ±073) (13.0 ±0.44) (10.0 ±0.42) (10.5 ±0.34) (10.5 ±0.32) (ILS ±0.45)
Lip reg. height 4.5 5.5 3.5-6.5 4.0-7.0 47-4.7 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.5
(5.S±0.54) (5.S±0.94) (4.7 ±0.0) (4.S± 0.29) (4.5± 0.32) (5.0 ±0.41)
Odontostyle 125.5 127.0 114.0-130.5 123.5-1311 60.5-64.0 75.0-76.5 770-82.0 99.5-103.0
(122.5 ±2.92) (127.5 ±284) (62.5 ±150) (75.5 ±074) (79.5 ±192) (1010± \.\9)
Odontophore 710 69.0 69.5-75.5 660-75.5 45.5-50.5 48.0-510 52.0-56.0 62.0-66.0
(72.5 ±!JI) (70.0 ±3.34) (48.0 ±3.74) (50.0 ±148) (54.0 ±159) (63.5 ±1.30)
Stylet 196.5 196.0 186.0-200.5 194.0-204.5 106.0-114.5 1230-127.0 129.5-136.0 161.5-167.5
(195.0 ±l04) (198.0 ±4.33) (110.5 ±5.24) (125.5 H21) (133.0 ±3.21) (165.0 H09)
Repl. odontostyle 73.5-74.5 77.0-80.0 96.0-103.0 117.5-125.5
(74.0 ±0.67) (78.5± 151) (100.0 ±2.54) (122.0 ±2.55)
Flanges width 11.0 12.5 8.0-13.0 10.0-115 7.5-8.5 8.5-9.5 8.5-9.5 9.5-11.5
(11.5 ±0.89) (11.0 ±0.61) (8.0 ±0.42) (9.0 ±0.34) (9.0 ±2.54) (10.5 ±0.56)
Guide ring 107.0 116.5 94.5-119.0 107.5-118.0 59.0-62.5 61.5-64.0 59.5-70.0 76.5-90.5
(106.5 ±4.95) (110.5 ±3.47) (60.5 ±2.50) (63.0 ±1.22) (64.0 ±4.68) (86.0 ±3.23)
Guide sheath 17.0 16.5 3.0-15.5 7.0-155 8.5-8.5 8.5-9.5 60-14.5 1.5-10.5
(110 ±2.97) (12.5 ±2.74) (8.5 ±0.0) (9.0 ±0.34) (9.5 ±4.04) (7.5n52)
Phar. bulb length 127.0 100.5 111.5-144.0 99.5-116.0 71.0-72.5 73.5-76.0 88.0-98.0 90.5-118.0
(122.5 ±5.86) (107.S± 5.12) (71.5 ±0.83) (75.0 ±1.22) (94.0 ±4.29) (106.5 ±7.78)
Phar. bulb diam. 190 19.5 16.0-21.5 19.5-23.0 14.0-15.0 12.0-145 13.5-16.0 16.5-19.5
(l9.0± 1.13) (210 ±1.17) (14.5 ±0.42) (13.5 ±148) (14.5 ±0.87) (17.5 ±0.87)
Am. gen. br. 388.0 264.5-7000
(400.5 ±44.66)
Post. gen. br. 347.0 288.0-482.5
(372.0 ±44.37)
Am. gen. br. (%) 10.5 70-14.0
(10.0 ±1.22)
Post. gen. br. (%) 9.5 7.0-13.5
(9.5 H16)
Body diam. (mid-body) 40.0 40.5 37.0-42.5 38.0-45.5 23.5-26.5 26.5-27.5 270-320 28.0-37.5
(40.0 ±1.28) (42.0 ±2.20) (25.0 ±2.08) (27.0 ±0.59) (28.0 ±2.05) (33.5 ±2.69)
Body diarn. (anus level) 29.0 33.5 28.5-33.0 30.5-36.0 170-19.0 19.0-205 20.5-23.0 23.5-270
(30.0 ±0.99) (33.0 ±1.60) (18.0 ± 1.25) (20.0 ±090) (215 H05) (26.0 ±0.94)
80 Fundam. appl. Nemalol.
Xiphinema hispidum sp. n.
Table 1 (conlinued)
Holotype AIIotype Paratype females males JI J2 J3 J4
Rectum 28.0 35.5 27.0-43.5 315-44.0 15.5-16.0 16.5-17.5 16.0-25.5 22.5-30.0
(32.0 Hl8) (36.0 ±3.95) (1 5.S± 0.42) (17.0±0.59) (19.5 H66) (26.0 ±2.44)
Tail 47.5 50.0 42.5-53.0 38.0-50.0 62.5-64.5 59.0-64.5 57.0-66.0 50.0-63.0
(47.5 ±2.95) (430 ±3.60) (63.5 ±1.66) (62.5 ±3.24) (60.0 ±3.60) (57.0 ±3.34)
Hyaline rail tip 15.5 17.5 110-29.5 14.5-19.0 115-14.0 12.5-13.5 13.0-17.5 14.5-22.0
(16.5 ±2.65) (16.5 ±l.41) (13.0 ±l.66) (13.0 ±0.59) (14.5 ±189) (17.5 ±2.34)
Prerectum 659.0 682.5 390.0-1000.0 459.0-788.0 176.5-188.0 235.5-294.0 317.5-400.0 3410-576.5
(639.0 ±125.62) (6110± 126.3) (182.5 ±8.32) (264.5 ±29.41) (355.5 ±33.69) (479.5 ±62.9)
Spicules 67.0 600-73.0
(66.S± 4.11)
Lateral guid. piece 13.0 115-17.0
(14.5 ±2.17)
discoid cells, and a pars dilalala composed of globular
cells, separated from the uterus by a conspicuous
sphincter muscle; uterus consisting of a long and wide
pars dilalala uleri, not containing sperm, a narrow tubu-
lar portion separated from the ovejector by a slight con-
striction. ln the lumen of the tubular portion of the
uterus there are several differentiations : a variable num-
ber of globular bodies, generally rounded, 2-3 !-lm in
diameter, in the portion close to the pars dilmata uleri
where generally is located the " Z" ctifferentiation; spini-
form structures, 4-5 [Lm long and slender, 1-1.5 [Lm in
diameter, in the entire lumen of the tubular portion,
orientated mainly parallel to the axis, distributed irregu-
larly and apparently arrached to the uterine wall.
Transverse muscle filaments of the tubular portion are
visible and protrusions of the muscle cells (Coomans el
al., 1992) are observed on the uterine wall. No sperm
was seen inside the uteri. Prerectum weil evident; rec-
tum one body widths long or slightly more. Tail short
conical, rounded dorsally and less so ventrally, with sub-
digitate terminus generally in line with the body axis and
without blind canal. Three caudal pores are visible on
each side of the tail.
Male: General appearance sirnilar to female with
posterior part of the body more curved. Morphology
and anatomy sirnilar to those of female except for the
reproduction apparatus and the somatic structures asso-
ciated with it; testes weil developed; spicules curved, not
cephalated; lateral guiding pieces weil sclerotized, slight-
ly curved and bifid at distal end. Precloacal pair of papil-
lae preceeded generally by four, exceptionally three or
six, medioventral supplements (Fig. 1). Distances of
preanal supplements are given in Table 2. Tail shorter
than that of female, more rounded dorsally, with the
terminal peg more slender and in line with ventral side of
the body; five, exceptionally six, body pores are visible
on each side of the tail.
Vol 17, n° 1 - 1994
Juveniles: Morphologically sirnilar to adult female but
smaller; tail of first stage elongate-conoid, bearing MO
caudal pores on each side.
TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY
Rhizosphere of peach, Quinta do Anjo, Palmela, Por-
tugal.
TYPE SPECIMENS
Holotype, allotype, 24 paratype females, 3 paratype
males and juveniles in the Collection of the Istituto di
Nematologia Agraria dei Consiglio Nazionale delle Ri-
cerche, Bari, Italy; ten paratype females and MO para-
type males in the Collection of Estaçào Agron6mica
Nacional, lnstituto Nacional de lnvestigaçào Agrària,
Departamento Fitopatologia, Oeiras, Portugal; MO
paratype females and one paratype male in each of the
following collections: Muséum National d'Histoire Na-
turelle, Paris, France; Entomology and Nematology De-
partrnent, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpen-
den, Herts, England; Plant Nematology Laboratory
Collection, United States Departrnent of Agriculture,
Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. is characterized by Mo
equally developed female genital branches, vulva slightly
anterior to mid-body, an indistinct pseudo-Z-organ,
spiniform structures in the uterus and tail short conical
with subctigitate terminus in females and digitate in
males.
The code in the polytomous key (Loof & Luc, 1990)
is the following: A4 B2 + 3 C4 D45 E5 F4 G2 H2 12
J4 K2 L2
81
F. Roca & M. A. Bravo
100llm N
-E
8
'C
20)lm 0
A, E, F,G,H,I,I, K,L, M
Fig. 1. Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. A, B : Female, amenor region; C: Head end (surface view); D : Pseudo-Z-organ; E : Amenor branch of
lhe female genilallracl; F, H, 1: Female, posœnor region; G: Male, poslerior region; J-M : POSlmor region ofJuveniles, J 1, J2, J3, J4,
respectively; N: Poslmor body region of male; 0: Posture of adull stages and Juveniles.
82 Fundam. appl. NemaLOI.
Xiphinema hispidum sp. n.
Table 2. Dislances of lhe preanal supplemenls in nine paralype males (in j.Lmj.
N Cloacal Double pap. SI-S2 S2-S3 S3-S4 S4-S5 S5-S6
opening SI
Double pap.
1 22.5 88.5 26.0 30.5 22.5
2 20.0 68.0 37.0 32.5 18.0
3 22.5 75.5 44.0 26.5 25.5
4 20.0 76.5 23.0 27.5 19.5
5 21.5 74.5 33.0 27.5 19.5
6 23.5 91.0 37.5 30.5 16.5
7 17.5 90.0 38.0 37.0
8* 20.5 75.5 29.0 34.5 18.0
9 21.0 60.0 13.5 29.0 23.5 16.5 35.5
" AlJotype.
The new species belongs to the X. coxi-group, or
group 5 in Loof and Luc (1990), among whose species
it resembles X. beLmonlense Roca & Pereira, 1992, X.
diversum Roca, Lamberti, Samos & Abrames, 1989, X.
LOleni Heyns, 1986, X. smoliki Luc & Coomans, 1988,
and X. lhorneanum Luc, Loof & Coomans, 1986. It
differs from X. belmonlense in having a more siender
body (" a" value 90.5-110.0 vs 58.4-72.3), higher
" c' " value (1.4-1.8 vs 1.0-1.4), more posteriorly situat-
ed vulva (V = 45.5-49.5 vs 36.3-41.9), slightly shorter
odontostyle (114.0-130.5 vs 125.9-140.6 f..lm), shorter
odontophore (69.5-75.5 vs 70.0-115.3 f..lm), shorter
distance of guiding ring from amerior end (94.5-119.0
vs 117.7-138.2 f..lm), a rudimemary pseudo-Z-organ
and longer spines (spines are smalt in X. beLmont.ense) see
Roca & Pereira, 1992); from X. diversum in having
longer and slenderer body (L = 3.6-4.5 vs 2.7-3.2 mm;
"a" value 90.5-110.0 vs 66.3-80.8), higher" c" value
(71.0-96.5 vs 55.3-74.3), longer odontostyle (114.0-
130.5 vs 97.7-105.3 f..lm) and odomophore (69.5-75.5
vs 52.9-64.7 f..lm), a rudimentary pseudo-Z-organ (weil
developed in X. diversum) and presence of the male (not
found in X. diversum) see Roca el al.) 1988); from X.
LOleni in having longer and slenderer body (L = 3.6-4.5
vs 2.77-3.51 mm, "a" value 90.5-110.0 vs 48-64),
higher " c " and" c' " values (71.0-96.5 vs 68-80 and
1.4-1.8 vs 0.88-1.11, respectively), shorter odomophore
(69.5-75.5 vs 78-80 f..lm) and female tail short conical
with subdigitate terminus (convex-conoid with a ven-
trally directed peg, see Heyns, 1986, for X. LOlem); from
X. smoLiki in having more slender body (" a" value
90.5-110.0 vs 66.9-85.1), lower " c " value (71.0-96.5
vs 107.2-167.2), higher" c' "value (1.4-1.8 vs 0.7-1.1),
slightly more posterior vulva (V = 45.5-49.5 vs 42.2-
46.9), longer odomostyle (114.0-130.5 vs 108-
115 f..lm), longer tail (42.5-53.0 vs 25-36 f..lm), a rudi-
mentary pseudo-Z-organ with small globules and fe-
Vol. 17, n' 1 - 1994
male tail short conical with subdigitate terminus (nearly
hemispherical, with extremity perfectly rounded or pre-
senting a very slight buIge in X. smolik/~ see Luc &
Coomans, 1988); and from X. lhorneanum in having
longer and slenderer body (L = 3.6-4.5 vs 2.94-
3.83 mm, "a" value 90.5-110.0 vs 66.9-76.6), lower
"c" value (71.0-96.5 vs 91.9-133.6), higher "c'"
value (1.4-1.6 vs 0.9-1.1), longer odontostyle and odon-
tophore (114.0-130.5 vs 89-105 f..lm and 69.5-75.5 vs
61-67 f..lm, respectively), longer tail (42.5-53.0 vs 27-
36 f..lm) which is short conical with subdigitate terminus
in females (nearly hemispherical, with terminal conical
peg in X. lhorneanum) see Luc el al.) 1986).
For the uterine differentiations X. hispidum sp. n.
c10sely resembles X. LanceoLalum Roca & Bravo, 1993,
X. sphaerocephaLum Lamberti, Castillo, Gomez-Barcina
& Agostinelli, 1992 and the other species described by
Lamberti el al.) 1992, from which it differs mainJy in
having a tail short conical with subdigitate terminus in
females (rounded with a slight mammillate projection in
the above mentioned species), lip region not hemi-ellip-
tical, habitus more open C, almost J shaped, and spini-
form structures more siender. Moreover X. hispidum sp.
n. differs from aU above mentioned species in having
slenderer body (" a" value 90.5-110.0 vs 51-84), lower
" c" value (71.0-96.5 vs 79-149.6) higher" c'" value
(1.4-1.8 vs 0.7-1.1), shorter odomostyle (114.0-130.5
vs 131.5-185.5 f..lm), odontophore (69.5-75.5 vs 76.5-
102.5 f..lm) and distance of guiding ring- from anterior
end (94.5-119.0 vs 110.6-161.8 f..lm) and slight longer
tail (42.5-53.0 vs 29.4-54.1 f..lm).
References
COOMANS, A., CLAEYS, M. & HEYNS,]. (1992). Ultras truc-
cure of the uterus of Xiphinema pinoides (Nematoda). Fun-
dam. appl. Nemawl., 15: 341-346.
83
F. Roca & M. A. Bravo
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Xll. Description of Xiphinema !oleni n. sp. from Natal (Ne-
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TINELLl, A. (1992). Descriptions of six new species of Xi-
phinema (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from me Mediterranean
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LOOF, P. A. A. & Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key
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84
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Colorado, USA. Revue NémaLOI., Il : 137-142.
Luc, M., LooF, P. A. A. & COOMANS, A. (1986). Descrip-
tion of Xiphinema lhorneanum n. sp. and observations on
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Fundam. appl. NemaLOI.


Xiphinema hispidum sp. n. (Nematoda : Longidoridae) from Portugal

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