Bivens, D.

Geller, V. Z.

Yokozeki, A.

English

Purdue E-Pubs

Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsInternational Refrigeration and Air ConditioningConference School of Mechanical Engineering2000Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants, R404A, R407C,R410A, and R507CV. Z. GellerThermophysics Research CenterD. BivensE.I. du Pont de Nemours & CompanyA. YokozekiE.I. du Pont de Nemours & CompanyFollow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iraccThis document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact epubs@purdue.edu foradditional information.Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.htmlGeller, V. Z.; Bivens, D.; and Yokozeki, A., "Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507C" (2000). InternationalRefrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 508.http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/508Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A Vladimir Geller Thermophysics Research Center San Francisco, CA 94116 Donald Bivens and Akimichi Y okozeki E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Wilmington, DE 19898 ABSTRACT Mixed refrigerants R407C, R410A, R404A, and R507A have gained more and more importance in the last few years as a replacement for R22 and R502. New viscosity data of R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A are presented. For all these refrigerants, the viscosity was measured for the saturated liquid and vapor and also for the superheated vapor. Viscosity was measured using a capillary tube method. Estimated uncertainties in experimental viscosities are, in general, less than or equal to ±1.2%. All available literature viscosity data for R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A were evaluated to identify the most accurate data on which to base the viscosity model. The viscosity is modeled with the residual concept. In this representation, the viscosity was composed of two contributions: a dilute gas term which is a function only of temperature, and a residual term which is a function only of density. The models cover a wide range of parameters except for the small region of the critical viscosity enhancement which is extremely close to the critical point and may be safely ignored in all practical application. The resulting correlations applicable for the viscosity of dilute gas, superheated vapor, and saturated liquid and vapor of R404A, R407C, R41 OA, and R507 A are given. Comparisons are made for all available literature data. p Re T p 17 T/o Ll1]=TJ-1Jo Llc1J T/exp T/calc pressure Reynolds number temperature density viscosity NOMENCLATURE viscosity in zero-density limit residual viscosity critical viscosity enhancement experimental viscosity calculated viscosity Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28, 2000 399 INTRODUCTION Mixed refrigerants R407C (R32/R125/Rl34a, 23/25/52 wt %), R41 OA (R32/R125, 50/50 wt %), R404A (R125/Rl34a/143a, 44/4/52 wt %), and R507A (Rl25/Rl43a, 50/50 wt %) are recommended as a replacement for R22 and R502. Accurate viscosity data for these refrigerants are needed for the design of refrigeration equipment using refrigerant blends; the viscosity is particularly important for the design of the condenser and evaporator. Available literature viscosity data for these fluids are limited and do not cover a range of parameters required for the engineering applications (saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor viscosity and viscosity for the superheated vapors). There are two main sources ofviscosity data ofR404A, R407C, R410A, and R507 A. Nabizadeh and Mayinger [1] measured the viscosity of gaseous R404A, R407C, R41 OA, and R507 A at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range :from 297 to 401 K and also the viscosity of the superheated vapors over a temperature range from 300 to 333 Kanda pressure range from 0.1 to 3 MPa. The estimated uncertainty of the reported data are ±0.5% for the viscosity at atmospheric pressure and ±1% for the viscosity of the superheated vapors. Heide and Schenk [2] have measured the saturated liquid viscosity over a temperature range :from 223 to 333 K with the estimated uncertainties ±2%. The results of these works cover a range of reduced density :from 0 to 0.25 and 1.7 to 2.7, respectively. In this paper, we present new viscosity measurements of R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507 A covering the "blank spaces" in the viscosity-density diagram and including vapor viscosity at atmospheric pressure, superheated vapor viscosity, and viscosity of saturated liquid and vapor. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS Viscosity of mixed refrigerants was measured using the modified capillary tube method. A detailed description of the viscometer and the experimental procedure are given in the earlier paper [3]. The experimental technique for the viscosity measurements involves creating a pressure difference within a glass mercury pump placed inside a high-pressure vessel. A special design feature of the pump provides for the return of mercury to its initial position after each experiment. Capillary tube with diameters of 0.076 and 0.92 mm and a length of approximately 50 mm were used in these experiments. Parameters for the mercury pump (initial pressure difference, final pressure difference, volume of the fluid flowing in the capillary over the time of experiment, etc.) were found by calibrations. The viscosity values were calculated taking into account the corrections for the capillary end effects, thermal expansion of the capillary tube, and kinetic-energy factor. The sum of these corrections did not exceed 0.4% of the measured viscosity. Also, the following assumptions about the experiment were taken into account: the fluid expands in the capillary tube; the fluid is compressed inside the pump during the experiment due to a decrease in the pressure difference associated with the decrease in the height of the mercury; some energy dissipates to create the kinetic energy of the fluid flow. As a consequence, an average value for the pressure drop, a density change due to the pressure change, and a change in the mass flow due to the pressure change have been employed. In these experiments, temperature was measured to within ±0.01 K using resistance thermometer, and pressure was measured to within ±1 kPa with a digital pressure transducer. All measurements for vapor phase were done using a single capillary tube but different values of the pressure drop (from 1 to 3 kPa) corresponding to Reynolds number :from 10 to 600. For liquid phase, Re numbers were in the limits of 150-300. Error in the measurement of the Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28,2000 400 pressure drop was ±0.2% and that in the flowrate was ±0.4%. The estimated uncertainties in the experimental viscosity data did not exceed ±1.2% at the 95% confidence level. Each experiment was repeated at least five times at each temperature. The deviation of the individual measurements from the average viscosity value at each temperature did not exceed ±0.25%. Experiments for the saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor viscosities of R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A were carried out over a temperature range from 253 to 333 K. In these experiments, the pressure was, respectively, higher and lower than saturated vapor pressure by approximately 0.005-0.01 MPa. Viscosity of the superheated vapor was measured at 373.15 K over a pressure range from 0.1 to 15 MPa. The density and vapor pressure for all fluids were calculated using REFPROP, Version 6.01 [4]. The obtained results are given in Tables. 1-3. The saturated-liquid viscosities and also the vapor viscosity at atmospheric pressure ofR404A were published in our earlier paper [5]. Table 1. Experimental liquid viscosity data (J.!Pa·s)near the saturated line. R407C R410A R507A T(K) I 1] T(K) I 1] T(K) I 1] 253.15 271.8 253.15 216.2 253.15 250.2 273.15 209.7 273.15 164.7 273.15 186.6 293.15 163.8 293.15 126.8 293.15 142.4 313.15 125.6 313.15 97.3 313.15 103.4 323.15 110.6 333.15 70.9 333.15 73.7 333.15 95.2 338.15 64.0 338.15 64.9 Table 2. Experimental vapor viscosity data (f.!Pa·s) near the saturated line. R404A R407C 410A R507A T(K) I 1] T(K) I 1] T(K) I 1] T(K) I 1] 253.04 10.42 253.80 10.21 253.13 10.75 253.38 10.27 262.13 10.84 263.08 10.63 263.28 11.41 263.01 10.82 273.78 11.48 274.27 11.27 272.14 11.86 273.21 11.40 288.60 12.38 283.43 11.83 282.83 12.53 283.40 12.02 294.37 12.82 291.61 12.06 293.39 13.32 294.36 12.76 307.34 13.77 304.25 12.98 303.02 14.11 303.63 13.71 315.28 14.91 313.19 13.89 314.29 15.40 314.12 14.90 323.23 16.05 324.37 15.11 323.44 16.91 321.85 16.13 332.04 18.47 333.11 16.50 331.95 19.03 332.70 19.44 Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28,2000 401 Table 3. Experimental superheated vapor viscosity data (J.lPa·s) at T=353.15 K R404A R407C R410A R507A P(MPa) I 1] P(MPa) I 7] P(MPa) I 7] P(MPa)l 1] 0.101 15.13 0.101 15.48 0.101 19.19 0.101 15.26 0.503 15.26 1.118 15.69 1.009 16.25 0.903 15.49 1.020 15.38 2.233 16.53 2.202 16.92 1.895 16.02 1.641 15.75 3.651 19.13 3.511 18.14 3.327 18.33 2.188 16.26 5.027 24.22 4.943 20.15 5.040 26.42 2.985 17.66 5.552 29.80 6.410 24.81 6.676 46.81 4.018 20.49 6.564 51.65 7.966 37.55 8.011 58.84 5.111 26.97 8.320 67.86 10.021 54.37 10.222 73.06 6.244 41.54 10.771 79.03 13.190 66.67 14.254 85.39 7.432 54.45 12.839 86.77 9.632 67.62 15.028 93.15 12.031 76.53 14.242 83.22 MODEL AND CORRELATIONS The most known models for the viscosity calculations use the form of the sum of three contributions 1] (p, TJ = 17o (!) + L1.1] (p, T) + L1c1] (p, T) (1) Each contribution may be treated independently by using both theoretical and available experimental information. The residual viscosity as a function of both density and temperature describes viscosity data over a wide range of parameters including high density region (liquid at very low temperatures, compressed liquid). For available viscosity data of R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507 A, the residual viscosity as a function only of density provides good agreement between the experimental and calculated results. The residual viscosity as a function of density for R404A is shown in Fig. 1. The critical enhancement (that is essential for the thermal conductivity) is extremely close to the critical point and may be safely ignored in all practical application. Thus, in this representation, the viscosity was composed of two contributions: a dilute gas term which is a function only of temperature, and a residual term which is a function only of density: i=2 1Jo = LaiTi (2) i=O (3) Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at 402 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28,2000 where Tis inK, pis in kgfm3. The coefficients Gi and b 1 are given in Table 4. 6 bv~<?,... -y 0 0 X Nabizadeh andMayinger [I] o Present Work -R' ox X (~~ # 50 () px X Y8 #X 100 Density, kg/m3 ( 0 X X X 150 200 Fig. I. Residual viscosity ofR404A as a function of density Table 4. Coefficients of Equations (2) and (3) R404A R407C R410A ao 9.766·10-1 -1.507·100 -2.695·100 G] 3.676·10-2 4.894·10-2 5.850·10-2 a2 2.938·10-6 -9.305·10-6 -2.129·10-5 b] 2.260·10-3 -3.038·10-3 9.047·10-3 b2 1.786·10-4 2.927·10-4 5.784·10-5 b3 -4.202·10-7 -9.559·10-7 1.309·1 o-7 b4 8.489·1 o-10 1.739·10-9 -2.422·10-10 b5 -8.670·10-13 -1.455·10-12 9.424·10-14 b6 3.566·10-16 4.756·10-16 3.933·10-17 Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28, 2000 R507A -2.530·100 5.626·10-2 -2.323·1 o-5 5.308·10-4 2.234·10-4 -6.742·10-7 1.411·10-9 -1.388·10-12 5.274·10-16 403 Comparisons were made for the calculated viscosities with the available published experimental results (Nabizadeh and Mayinger [1], Heide and Schenk [2]) and also with the data of present work. For R404A and R407C, the deviation (1Jexp-1Jcaic)I1Jcaic·lOO% is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 for all experimental data. Fig. 4 shows comparisons of the calculated and experimental viscosity data for the saturated liquid and saturated vapor of R41 OA and R507 A. The agreement between the experimental data and the calculated viscosities is quite good: the deviations, in general, do not exceed +2% except for 1 experimental point for R410A (2.2%) and 5 experimental points for R404A (up to 3.5%). Saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor viscosities ofR404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A calculated with the Eqs. (2) and (3) are given in Table 5. 4 0 0 2 0 0 ~~.~-· ~·-- --~-------u t?. ;:::~ 0 0 ·-g 0 e 0 &~~~ • . ····-· ~ 0 0 ·:;: Q) ~~lt( 0 0 0 •• ••• • Q -2 -4 2 t?. ;:::~ 0 0 ·:g ·:;: Q) Q -1 -2 • ::.:: Nabizadeh and Mayinger [1] • I~ • Heide and Schenk [2] • • o Present Work 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Density, kg/m3 Fig. 2. Deviation of measured viscosity ofR404A from the viscosity calculated by Eqs. (2) and (3) as a function of density _L~. ::.:: Nabizadeh and Mayinger [1] ::K • Heide and Schenk [2] 'V ~00 o Present Work ----0 ~ :t( ~ 0 --· 0 l::K_ 0 0 200 400 600 ... 0 oo 0 800 Density, kg/m3 0 t• 0 ·-0 • 1000 0 0 0 -• • • • • •• 1200 1400 Fig. 3. Deviation of measured viscosity ofR407C from the viscosity calculated by Eqs. (2) and (3) as a function of density Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28,2000 1400 ----1600 404 3 eR410A, Sat. Liq. [2] e R410A, Sat. Liq. (Present Work) • o R410A, Sat. Yap. (Present Work) 2 ::K R507A, Sat. Liq. [2] A ~-A R507A, Sat. Liq. (Present Work) 0 []R507A, Sat. Yap. (Present Work) A • D ··---,- 0 • g D D • -D -------l( • OJ 0 • D D ~ A ~ 0 0 • "' ____ ___A__ • -1 • 0 l( l( A -2 l( 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 Temperature, K Fig. 4. Deviation of measured viscosity ofR410A and R507A from the viscosity calculated by Eqs. (2) and (3) as a function of temperature Table 5. Saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor viscosity (f.!Pa·s) of mixed refrigerants R404A R407C R410A R507A T, °C Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor -60 390.82 447.61 336.61 430.29 -50 344.67 393.34 300.73 376.05 -40 302.14 345.23 268.09 327.99 -30 264.67 10.13 304.18 9.83 238.61 10.37 284.59 9.83 -20 231.95 10.55 267.12 10.28 211.46 10.90 248.10 10.31 -10 202.83 10.99 235.05 10.74 187.44 11.45 214.94 10.82 0 177.32 11.46 207.47 11.21 165.29 12.03 186.26 11.37 10 155.27 12.00 182.67 11.72 145.73 12.65 161.80 11.98 20 135.19 12.63 161.27 12.29 127.94 13.34 140.31 12.69 30 118.15 13.43 142.53 12.96 111.88 14.16 121.55 13.57 40 102.49 14.48 125.61 13.79 97.55 15.19 104.81 14.74 50 88.20 16.01 110.28 14.88 84.10 16.66 89.64 16.45 60 73.92 18.56 95.96 16.38 70.71 19.19 74.37 19.35 Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28, 2000 405 CONCLUSIONS New viscosity measurements for mixed refrigerants R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507 A over a range of parameters are presented. Viscosity was measured using a capillary tube method with uncertainties ±1.2 %. The viscosity is modeled with the residual concept where a residual term is a function only of density. The model covers a wide range of parameters including dilute gas, superheated vapor, and saturated liquid and vapor. The resulting viscosity correlations are given and comparisons are made for all available literature data. REFERENCES 1. Nabizadeh, H., Mayinger, F. Viscosity of Gaseous R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507. International Journal ofThermophysics, Vol. 20, No.3, 1999, p. 777-790. 2. Heide, R., Schenk, .T. Bestimmung der Transportgroessen von HFKW, Heft 1, Viskositaet und Oberflaechenspannung. Forschungsrat Kaeltetechnik E.V., Frankfurt, 1996. 3. Geller, V. Z., Paulaitis, M. E., Bivens D. B., Yokozeki A. Viscosity of HFC32 and HFC32/lubricant mixtures. International Journal ofThermophysics, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1966, pp. 75-88. 4. McLinden, M, 0., Klein, S. A., Lemmon, E. W., Peskin, A. P. NIST Thennodymic and Transport Properties of Refrigerants and Refrigeraht Mixtures-REFPROP, Version 6.01. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 1988. 5. Geller, V. Z., Paulaitis, M. E., Bivens D. B., Yokozeki A. Transport properties and heat transfer of alternatives for R502 and R22. In Proceedings of the ASHRAE INIST Refrigerants Coriference, August 1993, p. 73-84. Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at 406 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA- July 25-28,2000 

Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507C

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1507&amp;context=iracc

Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507C

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Purdue E-Pubs