腎血管腫4例を報告した.良性血管性腫瘍である腎血管腫は腎動脈造影でも必ずしも異常陰影を示さず, 診断は困難である.うち2例の海綿状血管腫摘出例はCTで, 造影剤増強効果をもたないlow-densityな腫瘤影を示した.しかし, 動脈造影で診断した2例はCTでは異常陰影を認めなかった.このように腎血管腫の動脈造影とCTは血管腫自体の構成血管成分により種々の像を呈するものと考えるFour cases of renal hemangioma are presented. Renal hemangioma is difficult to detect because this benign vascular tumor never demonstrates any abnormalities on renal arteriography. Computed tomography in two resected cases of cavernous hemangioma revealed a low-density mass without any enhance effect, while the others diagnosed by the selective renal arteriography demonstrated no abnormality on computed tomography. We postulate that both angiographic and computed tomographic appearances of the renal hemangioma could depend on its vascular components. Related reports are also reviewed

ISOGAI, Kazutoshi

KURIYAMA, Manabu

MATSUSHITA, Iwao

NISHIURA, Tsuneo

SHINODA, Ikuo

TAKEUCHI, Toshimi

TEI, Kanhin

YAMAHA, Masayoshi

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

TitleRenal hemangiomaAuthor(s)TAKEUCHI, Toshimi; KURIYAMA, Manabu; SHINODA,Ikuo; NISHIURA, Tsuneo; TEI, Kanhin; MATSUSHITA,Iwao; YAMAHA, Masayoshi; ISOGAI, KazutoshiCitation泌尿器科紀要 (1984), 30(6): 767-774Issue Date1984-06URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/118201RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversionpublisherKyoto University767 [Acta Urol. Jpn. Vol. 30J No.6, June 1984 RENAL HEMANGIOMA Toshimi TAKEUOHI, Manabu KURIYAMA, Ikuo SHINODA and Tsuneo NISHIURA From the Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine (Director: Prof T. Nishiura, M.D.) Kanhin TEl From the Department of Urology, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital (Chief: K. Tei, M.D.) Iwao MATSUSHITA From the Department of Pathology, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital (Chief cytotechnologist: 1. Matsushita, M.T.) Masayoshi YAMAHA and Kazutoshi ISOGAI From the Department of Urology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital (Chief: K. Isogai, M.D.) Four cases of renal hemangioma are presented. Renal hemangioma is difficult to detect because this benign vascular tumor never demonstrates any abnormalities on renal arteriography. Computed tomography in two resected cases of cavernous hemangioma revealed a low-density mass without any enhance effect, while the others diagnosed by the selective renal arteriography demonstrated no ab-normality on computed tomography. We postulate that both angiographic and computed tomographic appearances of the renal hemangioma could depend on its vascular components. Related reports are also reviewed. Key words: Hemangioma, Renal pelvic tumor, Renal pelvis, Kidney INTRODUCTION Hemangioma of the kidney IS an uncommon and benign vascular tumor. Virchow was probably the first to document an autopsy case in 1867, and Fukuda described the first Japanese case from an autopsy in 19671). To date a total of 50 cases has been found in the Japanese literature2) But it is thought that the lesion is not as uncommon as the limited number of case reports suggests, and that renal hemangioma undoubtedly accounts for a certain percentage of those instances of renal bleeding diagnosed as "essential hematuria"3) Recently, we encountered 4 cases of renal hemangioma. Herein we report these cases with a review of the literature. CASE REPORT Case 1. A 64-year-old man visited our hospital, complaining of painless gross hem-aturia which had its sudden onset 3 days ago. He had no past episode of bloody urine. Cystoscopy revealed that the gross hematuria emanated from the right ureteral orifice. An excretory urography demon-strated deformity in the lower calices of the right kidney. This finding was confirmed by retrograde pyelography (Fig. 1). An abdominal computed tomography showed an abnormal mass measuring 2.0 X 1.5 cm in the right renal pelvis, which was not enhanced with contrast medium (Fig. 2). Aortography revealed three arteries of the right kidney, and these vessels had neither obstruction, hypervascularity nor encase-768 Acta Urol. Jpn. Vol. 30 No.6, 1984 ment. 67Ga-scintigraphy showed no abnor-mal accumulation. Repeated cytologic examinations of voided or ureteral urine were negative for malignant cells. The preoperative diagnosis was a right renal pelvic tumor, probably with benign nature. Right renal nephroureterectomy with blad-der cuff removal was performed. On cut section there was a soft round tumor, 20 X 14 mm in diameter, partly filled with blood, in the lower calices (Fig. 3). Other renal tissue was, however, of normal appearance. Microscopically, tumor had multiple vascu-lar spaces in the subepithelial region of lower calices (Fig. 4). These spaces were lined by flat endothelial cells with thin connective tissue bands. Pathological diag-nosis was a cavernous hemangioma of the right renal pelvis. The patient is healthy and asymptomatic 2 years later. Case 2. A 52-year-old man complained of gross hematuria and left lower abdominal discomfort prior to consultation. His medi-cal history included a left pyeloplasty for the stricture of left uretero-pelvic junction 6 years previously. Cystoscopic examination revealed no abnormality in the vesical mucosa. An excretory urogra-phy showed dilated pelviocaliceal system of the left kidney. A retrograde pyelo-graphy with smooth catheterization demon-strated a filling defect in the left renal pelvis. Left renal sonography showed an echogenic mass pattern near the uretero-pelvic junction in an opened central echo complex. Cytologic study of a sample taken from the left renal pelvis suggested class I1Ib. Repeated cytologic evalua-tions of voided urine also demonstrated class I1Ib or IlIa. The mass in the renal pelvis was unremarkable upon computed tomography, while a small cystic lesion was observed in the left medullary area (Fig. 5). RI-angiography revealed no pooling shadow. Despite medical treatment, bloody urine continued. A left nephroureterectomy was performed and a cuff of bladder was resected. The surgical specimen weighed 255 gm. Much coagula was obtained from the left renal pelvic cavity, and its mucosa showed severely hemorrhagic appearance on cut section (Fig. 5). There were macroscopi-cally no tumorous lesions except for a few mucosal folds in the renal pelvis. Micro-scopically, there were foci of severe dys-plasia made up of atypical transitional epithelia. A cavernous hemangioma which was depicted as a small cystic lesion upon computed tomography, was also disclosed upon further observation of additional sec-tions (Fig. 7). Moreover, the so-called renal adenoma with in situ changes was encountered in the proximal convoluted tubule. Unfortunately, about 2 months after surgery, he died of multiple organ failure, mainly hepatic and renal failure in spite of intensive care. Case 3. A 34-year-old woman had acute attack of right back pain and gross hematuria a day earlier. She also experi-enced the same episode 4 years ago, when hematuria diminished after several days with medical treatment. An IVP showed no excretion of contrast medium from the right kidney. The following retrograde pyelography confirmed filling defect consid-ered as blood clots in the right renal pelvis. Urine cytologic studies were negative for malignant cells. Cross sectional images of computed tomography and sonography demonstrated no evident abnormality. Although a digital subtraction angiography revealed almost normal distribution of the right renal arteries (Fig. 8), right renal arteriography disclosed a coil of blood vessels at the arterial phase without an early venous drainage (Fig. 9). This shadow appeared I minute after injection of contrast medium, but pooling was unremarkable at the capillary or venous phase. We diagnosed it as a hemangioma of the right kidney. Hematuria disappeared 3 days after admis-sion and then she was discharged from hospital. Follow-up examinations have been unchanged for one year. Case 4. A 33-year-old woman was hos-pitalized with right back colic and gross hematuria, which had suddenly appeared several hours before admission. Blood coagulum and hemorrhage were endoscopi-cally lateralized to the right side. The right kidney did not excrete the contrast medium upon IVP. The hematuria Takeuchi et al. Renal hemangioma 769 Fig. I. Case I-Retrograde pyelography shows a deformity with faint fil-ling of contrast medium in the lower calices of the right kidney , (arrow). ''''. " . 1:, ~ -Fig. 2. Case I-Computed tomography demonstrates a well-defined mass in the right renal pelvis (arrow). The mass was not enhanced with contrast medium. Fig. 3. Case I - Macroscopic ap-pearance of the cut spe-cimen. There was a sube-pithelial tumor partly fil-led with blood in the lo-wer calices (arrow). Fig. 4. Case I-Microscopic ap-pearance. The tumor was composed of vascular channels, characteristic of a cavernous hemangioma, in the subepithelial region. H.E. stain, x40. Fig. 5. Case 2-Computed spherical and low-density enlarged kidney (arrow) regarded as the position encountered. , ! \' , tomogram reveals a well-demarcated, mass in the medullary area of the left This cystic region was retrospectively where a cavernous hemangioma was Fig. 7. Case 2-Microscopic appearance. This photograph discloses a cavernous hemangioma adjacent to the normal papilla. H. E. stain, x40. .,.j.Q'.-Fig. 6. Case 2-Macroscopic appearance. Subepithelial hemorrhage seen in the left renal pelvis, but there appear to be no tumorous lesions except for a few mucosal folds. Fig. 8. Case 3-Digital subtaction angiography demonstrates no evident abnormality such as blush, distortion or pooling ...., ...., o Takeuchi et al. : Renal hemangioma 771 Fig. 9. Case 3- Right selective renal angio-graphy discloses a coil made up of densely arranged and tortuous ves-sels (arrow) Fig. 10. Case 4-Right selective renal angio-graphy illustrates a saccular ane-urysm (9x8mm) (white arrow) and a plexiform blush (black arrow) at the anterior upper seg-ment Fig. 11. Case 4-Digital subtaction angiography 12 months later suggestes no progression of the saccular aneurysm (white arrow) or hemangioma (black arrow) 772 Acta Urol. Jpn. Vol. 30 No.6, 1984 resolved 3 days following the admission without any treatment, and then subse-quent DIP demonstrated good visc:alization of the right kidney. Renal sonography and computed tomography including dynamic studies were interpreted as normal. Although RI-angiography was also within normal limits, selective angiogram of right kidney revealed a saccular aneurysm (Fig. 10). Moreover, at the upper segment, a coil of blood channels measuring 15 X 12 mm in size was observed 1/3 minute after injec-tion and disappeared approximately 10 minutes later. A month later, repeated angiography of right renal artery confirmed the same findings as above, and left renal and celiac arteriography showed no abnor-mal findings. She has been asymptomatic with clear urine, stable blood pressure and normal plasma renin activity for 15 months. Recent digital subtraction angiography sug-gested no progression of the saccular aneurysm or hemangioma (Fig. 11). DISCUSSION Renal hemangioma is a relatively rare disease, which is considered to be a renal vascular tumor a true neoplastic growth arising from buds of endothelial cclls4 ) This tumor is pathologically classified with cavernous, plexiform and capillary type. It might have multiplicity with 12% and even bilateral occurrence5). Most such lesions are small, measuring 1 or 2 cm in diameter6). Nearly all patients with renal hemangioma complained of gross hematuria. The previous report in the English literature pointed out that the onset of symptoms occurred between 20 and 40 years of age in 70%7) There is, however, no significant correlation between age and the occurrence of this disease in the Japanese cases. Renal hemorrhage is occasionally so severe that patients might suffer from renal colic due to the passage of clots. Some cases were reported to result in vesical tamponade or anemia. More characteristically, hemor-rhage from hemangioma is intermittent over a period of many years. As the site ofsymp-tomatic hemangioma is commonly peri caJi-ceal or intrapapillary, such condition would produce papillary nccrosis8) Renal hemangioma is usually difficuh to diagnose and it may easily be missed in clinical explorations, for example on macroscopic and microscopic examinations by the pathologist9). Renal arteriography has been shown to be of great value for diagnosis. Tille lO ) described a coil of over-lapping fine vascular loops on the renal arteriograph of his case. In contrast to the irregular vessels of varying caliber in a malignant tumor, the densely collected vessels of a hemangioma are of uniform caliber and regular outlinelll Not all cases of renal hemangioma, however, demonstrate the same vascular abnormalities as above, for angiographic features could depend on the vascular component. Although renal hemangioma may be arterial and mixed veno-arterial, they are generally venousl2) When the hemangioma is more truely cavernous in type, the possibility of angio-graphic demonstration against the back-ground of the normal renal parenchyma is smaIP3). Augumentative techniques in-cluding a prolonged slow arterial injection, selective venographyl4) or pharmacoangio-graphyl5) might be indicative. Such le3ions could occasionally disclose hypovascularity and over-all diminished contrast medium density compared to the surrounding normal parenchyma illustrated by Stanley et al. 14) They presumed that thrombosed channels, noted grossly and histologically within the tumor, could account for some of this appearance. The renal sonogram of cavernous hemangioma might establish the solid mass pattern, while not pathognomonic, and could eliminate the p03sibility of a fluid filled cyst or isolated hydrocalyxI4 ). Computed tomograms of 2 presented cases of cavernous hemangioma demon-strated well-demarcated round and low-density masses. It is of particular interest that they were not enhanced with contrast medium. Those of the liver are usually said to show low dense masses, and to be characteristic of nod ular shadows in the low dense mass after enhancementI6). Kamei et aJ.3) also reported that enhanced tomography of their case revealed a low dense area in spite of normal plain series. Takeuchi et al. : Renal hemangioma 773 We postulate that the computed tomo-graphic appearance of renal hemangioma might be partly related to such conditions as blood flow and vascular structure. The hypovascular or normal-appearing type on arteriography could demonstrate a low-density mass on computed tomography. Treatment for the renal hemangioma includes nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, papillectomy and radiation5l , wheareas all cases reported so far in the Japanese litera-ture except for a few cases have been treated by nephrectomies. If a patient is preoperatively diagnosed to have a hemangioma, conservative management of the kidney shoud be performed as much as possible. Bischoff et alYl described 2 cases; conserving kidney-intraarterial su-perselective embolization in one case and surgical clipping of the supplying arterial branch in the other. Observation is not contraindicated in the healthy patient with mild to moderate hematuria who is otherwise clinically and radiographically well or when marginal renal function or the absence of an opposite kidney dictates such a course5l For the future, there could be an increasing number of ob-servation with or without the conservative treatment to the kidney. But nephrectomy remains an appropriate treatment for some cases with uncontrolled and life-threatening hemorrhage, or cases in which the possibility of other malignant renal tumors can not be eliminated in the preoperative evaluation. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank Prof. T. Takeda, M.D., Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University, for providing pathological reports of Case I. REFERENCES I) Kamei Y, Ohashi Y, Hirano M, Kondo K, Fujita Y and Takagi H: Renal hemangioma: Report of a case. Nishinihon J Urol 44: 1296-1272, 1982 2) Uchida K, Umeyama T, Yazaki T, Takahashi S, Ogawa Y, Kano K and Kitagawa R: A case of renal hemangioma. Jpn J Urol 74: 447, 1983 3) McCrea LE: Hemangima of the kidney: Review of the literature. Urol Cutan Rev 55: 670-680, 1951 4) Ferguson C, Cameron G and Carron J: Hemangioma of the kidney: Report of two cases. J Urol 74: 591-595, 1955 5) Peterson N and Thompson HT: Renal he-mangioma. J Urol 105: 27-31, 1971 6) Bartone NF and Grieco RV: Renal heman-gioma. JAMA 205: 118-120, 1968 7) Rodriguez Sand Befeler D: Renal hemangioma. Amer J Surg 113: 574-578, 1967 8) Chabrel CM, Hickey BB and Parkinson C: Pericaliceal hemangioma-a cause of papillary necrosis? Brit .J Urol 54: 334-340, 1982 9) Leder LD, Richter HJ and Stambolis S: Pathology of renal and adrenal neoplasms. In: Renal and Adrenal Tumors, Lohr, E., 1st ed., p.4, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Heiderberg, 1979 10) Tille D: On the diagnosis of so-called essential hematuria. Deutsch Med Wschr 86: 1610-1615, 1961 II) Elkin M: Tumors of the urinary tract. In: Radiology of the urinary system, 1st. ed., vol.l, p.341, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1980 12) Ney C and Friendenberg M: Tumors of kidney. In: Radiographic atlas of the genitourinary system, Ney, C., 2nd ed., vol. I, p.595, J. B. Lippincott Company, Pennsylvania, 1981 13) Gordon R, Rosenmann E, Barzilay Band Siew F: Correlation of selective angiography and pathology in cavernous hemangioma of the kidney. J Urol 115: 608-609, 1976 14) Stanley RJ, Cubillo E, Mancillajimenez R, Geisse G and Melson L: Cavernous heman-gioma of the kidney. Amer J Roentgenol 125: 682-687, 1975 IS) Elklund Land Gothlin J: Renal hemangiomas. An analysis of 13 cases diagnosed by angiography. Amer J Roentgenol 125: 788-794, 1975 16) Hiramatsu Y, Kono A and Hirosawa K: CT scan of the abdomen, 1st. ed., p.52, Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 1979 17) Bischoff W, Pohle Wand Goerttler U: Treatment of arteriovenous angiomas of the kidney: Surgical intervention and intra-arterial embolization. J Urol 122: 825-828, 1979 (Accepted for publication, December 20, 1983) 774 Acta Urol. Jpn. Vol. 30 No. 6, 1984和文抄録腎 血 管 腫岐阜大学医学部泌尿器科学教室(主任:西浦常雄教授)竹内 敏視 一栗山 学篠田 育男 ・西浦 常雄長浜赤十字病院泌尿器科(医長:鄭 漢彬)鄭 漢 彬長浜赤十字病院病理部(主任:松下 巖)松 下 巖大垣市民病院泌尿器科(医長:磯貝和俊)山羽 正義 ・磯貝 和俊腎血管腫の4例 を報告した。良性血管性腫瘍である腎血管腫は腎動脈造影においても必ずしも異常陰影を示さないので,そ の診断は困難である.われわれの経験した症例のうち,2例 の海綿状血管腫摘出例はCTにおいて,造 影剤増強 効果を もたないlow-densityな腫瘤影を示 した.しかし,動脈造影により診断のなされた2例 はCTで は異常陰影は認められなかった.このように 腎血管腫の動脈造影およびCTは 血管腫自体の構成血管成分により種々の像を呈するものと考えられる,

腎血管腫

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腎血管腫

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