Eight species of drosophilids were collected at Kasoje in the Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania, during the wet season of 1983-1984; one circumtropical species and seven Afrotropical species, all of which are all new records from Tanzania. The distributions of respective species known so far suggest some affinities in the drosophilid fauna between the Mahale Mountains and central and western Africa

TANAKA, Haruo

UEHARA, Shigeo

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

Title Drosophilid Flies (Diptera) in the Mahale Mountains NationalPark, Tanzania: A Preliminary ReportAuthor(s)TANAKA, Haruo; UEHARA, ShigeoCitationAfrican Study Monographs (1987), 7: 15-19Issue Date1987-03URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/68022RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversionpublisherKyoto UniversityAfrican Study Monographs. 7: 15-19, March 1987DROSOPHILID FLIES (DIPTERA) IN THE MAHALEMOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, TANZANIA:A PRELIMINARY REPORT15Haruo TAKADA and Shigeo UEHARAFaculty of General Education. Sapporo UniversityABSTRACf Eight species of drosophilids were collected at Kasoje in the Mahale Mountains Na-tional Park. western Tanzania, during the wet season of 1983-1984: one circumtropical species andseven Afrotropical species, all of which are new records from Tanzania. The distributions of respectivespecies known so far suggest some affinities in the drosophilid fauna between the Mahale Mountainsand central and western Africa.Key Words: Drosophilid fly; Mahalc Mountains; Circumtropical species; Afrotropical species.INTRODUCTIONThis paper describes drosophilid flies (Diptera) collected in the Mahale Mountains. westernTanzania. Since the specimens are represented only by samples collected non-systematically,many other species will be found in the future. Although the present report is not comprehen-sive, its brief descriptions would contribute to the accumulation of faunal data of the MahaleMountains, which just became a national park in 1985.For the drosophilid fly fauna in Tanzania, see Biichli (1971). Tsacas et al. (1981), andLachaise and Tsacas (1983). These reports, however. include information on only two genera,Leucophenga and Paraleucophenga. All species reported in the present study are new recordsfrom Tanzania.SAMPLING METHODThe specimens were collected at Kansyana Camp of the Mahale Mountains Wildlife Re-search Centre in the Kasoje area at the western foot of the Mahale Mountains on the easternshore of Lake Tanganyika (60 S, 300 E) [see maps in Uehara (1982)1. The camp (ca. 800 mabove sea level) is situated at the boundary zone between semi-deciduous gallery forest andvarious types of secondary vegetation such as Pe//niselllm grassland and Acacia savannah.For the vegetation and rainfall data at Kasoje, see Nishida (1972), Nishida and Uehara(1981), and Uehara (1982).During the wet season of 1983-1984, drosophilid flies were captured three times by thejunior author (S.U.) by means of sweeping a butterfly net over garbage or fermented bananas:on lIth of December, 1983 over garbage, on 8th of January, 1984 over fermented bananas,and on Sth of February, 1984 over garbage (including many used tea leaves). Samples werestored in ethanol (ca. 30%). and later identified by the senior author (I-I.T.).16RESULTSH. TAKADA & S. UEHARAThe following eight species of drosophilid flies, all ofwhich belong to the subfamily Droso-philinae, are identified among the specimens.Genus Dl'osophila FallenDrosophila Fallen, 1823. Ge011lyzides Sveeiae 2: 4 (Type: Muscafimebris Fabricus in Swe-den).This is one of the largest genera of Drosophilidae, with about 1,580 described species inthe world. Three of the approximately 15 subgenera are represented by six species of thepresent material.Subgenus Drosophila FallenI. Drosophila nasuta Lamb, 1914. Linn. Soc. London, Trans. 16: 346 (Type in British Muse-urn: Seychelles).Specimen examined: One male, Jan. 8, 1984, on fermented bananas.Distribution: Benin, Congo, Zaire, Tanzania (new record), Madagascar, and Seychelles.Feeding habitat: Plantation and second growth vegetation (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).Host-plant species: lvlallgijera indica, Spondias cytherea, ArlOcarpus sp.. lvfusa sapient/lll1,Psidiu11l guajava, Citrl/s granelis, lvIanillot esculelllus, etc. (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).Subgenus Scaptoell'osophila Duda2. Drosophila dibi Burla, 1954. Rev. Suisse Zool. 61 (Suppl.): 126 (Type in ZoologischenMuseum der Univ. Zlirich; Ivory Coast).Specimens examined: Two males, Feb. 5, 1984, on garbage and used tea leaves.Distribution: Ivory Coast, Kenya, and Tanzania (new record).Feeding habitat and host-plant species: Unknown.Subgenus Sophophol'a Sturtevant3. Drosophila ananassae Doleschall, 1858. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 17: 128 (Type unknown: Indo-nesia).Specimens examined: Many males and females, Dec. 11, 1983, Jan. 8, 1984, and Feb. 5,1984, on garbage, used tea leaves and fermented bananas.Distribution: Ivory Coast, Benin, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Uganda. Tanzania (newrecord), South Africa, and widespread in OrientaL Australasian, and Neotropical regions.Feeding habitat: Plantation, second growth vegetation, and forest/savannah mosaic(Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).Host-plant species: Fruit. flower and fungus breeders; e.g.. Mangijel'a indica, Annonasenegalensis, Landolphia ell/leis, Cresce11lia clljete, Ananas COJllOSI/S, Rhipsalis sp., Caricapapaya, Artocal'pl/s utilis. Ficlls Sill', Stalldtia gabonensis, Psidillm gllajam, Averrhoacarambola, BOl'asslls aethiopllln. Pandallils candelabrum, Parinal'i sp., Rubus steudned,Nauclea pobeguinii, Rotllll1l11lnia whitfieldii. Cyphomandra betacea, Ajramomum sangui-neum, Favolus sp., and Polypol'us sp. (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).4. Drosophila burlai Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974. Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Sel'. E (Ecal.) 7: 200(Type in British Museum; Ivory Coast).Specimens examined: Seven males, Jan. 8, 1984, on fermented bananas.Drosophilid Flies in the Mahale Mountains 17Distribution: Ivory Coast. Cameroon. Central Africa, Gabon, Congo, and Tanzania(new record).Feeding habitat: Plantation. evergreen rainforest. swamp forest. and semi-deciduousriparian forest gallery (Lachaise and Tsacas. 1983).Host-plant species: Dacr)'odes sp.. DetariulII senegalense. Hugonia lIIacrophylla. FicusIyrata, Treculia a/rieana. Hirtella sp.• Parinari sp.• Nallclea pobegllinii. Citrus grandls,PancOl'ia bijllga. Galllbe)'a taiellsis. and Tieghemella heekelii (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).5. Drosophila bocqueti Tsacas & Lachaise. 1974. Ann. Ullil'. Abidjan. Ser. E (Ecol.) 7: 204(Type in British Museum; Ivory Coast).Specimens examined: Six males. Jan. 8. 1984. on fermented bananas.Distribution: Ivory Coast. Cameroon. Central Africa. Gabon. Congo. and Tanzania(new record).Feeding habitat: Plantation. evergreen rainforest. swamp rorest. and semi-deciduousriparian forest gallery (Lachaise and Tsacas. 1983).Host-plant species: Mangi/era indica. Spondias lII0mbin. Dacryodes sp., Hugonia sp..Artocarplis sp.. Fieus sur, and Cissus dinklagei (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).6. Drosophila tsacasi Bock & Wheeler. 1972. Univ. Texas Publ. 7213: 79 (Type in Texasstock 2371.4; Ivory Coast).Specimen examined: One male, Jan. 8. 1984. on fermented bananas.Distribution: Ivory Coast. Cameroon, CentralAfrica, Congo. and Tanzania (new record).Feeding habitat: Evergreen rainforest and second growth vegetation (Lachaise andTsacas. 1983).Host-plant species: Guarea cedrata. Psidilllll guajm'a, and ChYlrlll/thlls sp. (Lachaise andTsacas. 1983).Genus Zapriolllls CoquillellZaprionus Coquillett, 1901. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 31 (Type species: !'iuiger Coquillett,by original designation).This is one of the drosophilid genera which have silvery or chalky white longitudinal stripeson the frons and mesoscutum. with 31 described species recorded from Afrotropical. Oriental,and Australian regions.7. Zaprionlls l'i1tiger Coquillett. 1901. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 31.Specimens examined: Two females. Jan. 8. 1984, on fermented bananas.Distribution: Widespread in Afrotropical region including Ivory Coast, Uganda. andTanzania (new record).Feeding habitat: Plantation. second growth vegetation. savannah. and forest gallery oftemporary tributaries (Lachaise and Tsacas, 1983).Host-plant species: Papaya. orange. banana. and coffee (Burla. 1954).8. Zapriollils collarti Tsacas. 1980. nom. n., illcrmis Seguy. 1938. Mhn. 1I1us. Nat. Hist.Nalllr .. 1\'.S. 8: 343 (Type unknown; Madagascar). Syn.. In: Cataloglle 0/ Diptera 0/ theAjrotropical Region. R. W. Crosskey (cd.). British Museum. p. 684.Specimen examined: One male, Jan. 8. 1984. on fermented bananas.Distribution: Widespread in Afrotropical region including Ivory Coast. Benin. Nigeria,Cameroon. Central Africa. Gabon. Congo. zaire. Tanzania (new record). Zimbabwe(Rhodesia). and Madagascar.Feeding habitat: Botanical garden. plantation. second growth vegetation. evergreen18 H. TAKAnA & S. UEHARArainforest, semi-deciduous riparian forest gallery, secondary forest. non-characterizedforest, and forest/savannah mosaic (Lachaise and Tsacas. 1983).Host-plant species: Mangifera indica. Spondias dlilcis. Annona sp., Polyalthia salll'eolens,Rollinia siebel'i. Landolphia dlilcis, Rallvol/ia sp.. Crescentia clljete, Ananas comosus,Dacryodes sp" Detarillm senegalense, Carica papaya, Uapaca sp•. Pellfadesma blltyracea,Persea americana, Hllgonia sp., TllrraeallfhllS africal/Us, Bel/wia sp., Artocarplls commllnis,Dorstenia sp., Ficlls Sill', Treclllia afl'icana, Coffea canephora. Citrus sinensis. etc. (Lachaiseand Tsacas. 1983).DISCUSSIONThe eight species of drosophilid flies reported in the present study consist of one circum-tropical species (Drosophila ananassae) and seven Afrotropical species (D. naswa, D. dibi,D. bur/ai. D. bocqlleti, D. tsacasi, Zaprionus vittiger, and Z. col/arti), all of which are newrecords from Tanzania. The distribution patterns of respective species known so far suggestsome affinities in the drosophilid fauna between the Mahale Mountains and central andwestern Africa. It is difficult, however, to know accurately the biogeographical position ofthe drosophiIid fauna of Mahale at this stage of knowledge, because the Mahale samples arestill incomplete and East African drosophilid flies have not been systematically studied yet.Sampling method clearly affects the species composition obtained. Seven species wereseen on fermented bananas (Jan. 8, 1984), while only one or two species were collected ongarbage (Dec. II. 1983 and Feb. 5.1984). Moreover. females were represented only in twospecies of the present material. Further collection in the Mahale Mountains is necessary.Sampling in forest, especially high up in the canopy and along the stream, and in other dif-ferent types of vegetation would provide more fruitful information.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is a by-product of the research on wild chimpanzees sup-ported by the 1983 Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research (No. 58041025 to Dr. T. Nishida:The University of Tokyo) from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Japan. The TanzaniaNational Scientific Research Council and Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute permitted the juniorauthor to work in the Mahale Mountains. Dr. T. Nishida provided the junior author with the oppor-tunity to work in the Mahale Mountains. The staff at the Mahale Mountains Wildlife ResearchCentre, especially Mr. E. Tarimo and Dr. and Mrs. Y. Takabata, facilitated the junior author's re-search. Mr. H. Takasaki kindly commented on an earlier version of this paper. The preparation ofthis paper was financed in part by a 1986-Research Grant from Sapporo University to the juniorauthor. To these people and institutions. we make grateful acknowledgement.REFERENCESBachli, G. 1971. Leueophenga und Paraleueophenga (Diptera Brachycera) Fam. Drosophilidae. Ex-ploration dll Pare National de I'Upemba, Bruxelle. Fascicule 71: 7-192.Burla. H. 1954. Zur Kenntnis der Drosophiliden der Elfenbeinkiiste (Franzosisch West Africa). Rev.Suisse Zool. 61 (Suppl.): 1-128.Lachaise, D. and L. Tsacas 1983. Breeding sites in tropical African drosophilids. In (M. Ashburner. H.L. Carson and J. N. Thompson, eds.) Genetics and Biology 0/ Drosophila, Vol. 3d, pp. 221-324,Academic Press, New York and London.Nishida, T. 1972. A note on the ecology of the red-colobus monkeys (Coloblls badills tephrosceles)living in the Mahali Mountains. Primates 13: 57-64.---- and S. Uehara 1981. Kitongwe names of plants: A preliminary listing. A/r. Stud. MOlWgr.I: 108-131.Drosophilid Flies in the Mahale Mountains 19Tsacas. L., D. Lachaise and J. R. David \981. Composition and biogeography of the Afrotropicaldrosophilid fauna. In (M. Ashburner, l-L L. Carson and J. N. Thompson, cds,) Genetics and Biolo-gy vi Drosophila, Vol. 3a, pp. \97-259. Academic Press, New York and London.Uehara, S. 1982. Seasonal changes in the techniques employed by wild chimpanzees in the MahaleMountains, Tanzania, to feed on termites (Pselldacanthotermes spiniger). Folia Primatol. 37: 44-76.-Received January 18, 1986Authors' Names and Address: Haruo T AKADA and Shigeo UEHARA, Faculty o/General Education,Sapporo Unil'ersity. 3-1, 3-7, Nishioka, To)'ohira-kll. Sapporo, Hokkaido 062, Japan.

Drosophilid Flies (Diptera) in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania: A Preliminary Report

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Drosophilid Flies (Diptera) in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania: A Preliminary Report

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