この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。A format for field records for use with a soil data bank is described. It is aimed to collect field soil data in detail, and to retrieve them as text or as plots showing attribute distributions on a map with or without processing. This is particularly important for reclassifying the soil profiles and for reconstructing the soil map and soil units. The format is simple and easy to use, since many of the necessary properties are coded on the card. The manual for soil description integrates several methods, and is published in Discussion Paper Series of the CSEAS of Kyoto University (Furukawa, 1979)

Furukawa, Hisao

Kosaki, Takashi

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

Title<Notes>A Format for Field Soil Records for Computer-BasedData Management SystemAuthor(s)Furukawa, Hisao; Kosaki, TakashiCitation東南アジア研究 (1979), 16(4): 659-663Issue Date1979-03URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/55937RightType Journal ArticleTextversionpublisherKyoto UniversitySouth East Asia" Studies, Vol. 16, No.4, March 1979A Format for Field Soil Records for Computer-BasedData Management SystemHisao FURUKAWA* and Takashi KOSAKI**IntroductionWe are trying to set up a soil information system which allows rapid retrieval ofsoil data stored in various forms, e.g., field soil records, analytical data, soil maps, etc.The establishment of this system requires the provision of several modules, one ofwhich, aformat standardized for field soil records and easily transposable to a computer-compatiblef(Jrm is described herein. This format has been revised through experience gained mainlyin west Japan.A standardized format has to meet ends which are self-conflicting. It should pro-vide items and terms which can convey the framework which the survey planner hasin mind, and thus tends to fix and confine the framework of surveyors' observation.On the other hand, the surveyor's standpoint should be free and flexible when handlinga very complicated matter like a soil. Is it then useful to follow a standardized format?The answer is "Yes." From detailed descriptions of soils found in various landscapes,a soil surveyor can gain a picture of the intricate interactions among soil formers. Buthe has to recollect and integrate all the soil individuals in order to draw a soil distributionpattern; and he has to analyse and simplify all the variations of soils into a few governingfactors in order to extract substantial soil units. These processes have hitherto oftenbeen hampered by several factors, the most important of which in practice is the sur-veyor's inability to memorize all the details of the individual soil in relation to the siteof the soil. It has been necessary, therefore, to cut off the trivial details at appropriatelevels of soil recognition. This confinement also applies in data processing by manualprocedures. The use of a computer as a data stocker and processor can release thisconfinement to a large extent. Large amount of data can be stocked effectively for therecognition of soils, provided that the observed items reflect the substantial soil condi-tions and the terms are stated with clear limits. The possibility of grasping all the detailsthat fall \vithin the scope of the field soil survey will allow a reappraisal of soil maps,soil units used therein and concurrent theories on soil genesis and distribution pattern.We are aiming, then, to establish a common data bank in which presently availablesoil data is collected, to which further data can be deposited, and from which anybodycan retrieve whatever data he needs. This is the background to our trial.* -IIi) II** INh'.f--_._._-_..~- ..0JiL The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto Universityr;~, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University659I Requisites for Data RecordingThe field soil records consist of site and soil profile records. These records should bestored in a computer-based data bank. The requisites for data recording are that thesebe recorded in a standardized and coded form in the field, that the coded cards be easyto read for later manual sorting, and that they should have enough space for free remarks.'rhe first requirement is to reduce the laborious task of reeading the uncoded records.To meet this, Hazelden e! ai. (1976) proposed a proforma compatible with SO-columnpunch cards. They take almost all field soil records in coded form in the field using anaide-memoire. In our experience, however, this method evidently reduces the efficiencyof the field survey, because we have to search for a code number for a particular prop-erty from among many. In addition it is not very easy to read the survey card unlessthese many codes are completely memorized. The tick box method proposed by Leeet at. (1976) was easier to handle, since all possible terms were given on the card. The dis-advantage of their method, however, is that little space is available for free or additionalremarks. This format, therefore, cannot accommodate uncoded records, such as areoften encountered in soil surveys in different localities from those for which the manualand the format were primarily designed.After several trials, we concluded that the format should meet the following require-ments: 1) the code number for properties should appear on the card to facilitate re-cording and reading; 2) properties like horizon names, color, texture, cutan nature, andmottle, etc., which are indexing characteristics for soils, should be written in uncodedform; 3) the columns allocated for each horizon should be kept blank in order to giveenough space for additional remarks and for non-standardized uses; and 4) site file andprofile description file should be cross-referenced through common indices.II A Format for Field Soil RecordsThe final version of the format is shown in Fig.I. It is printed on A4 sized card,and uses both sides; one for the site and the other for the profile description.Code numbers are given on the card; we can easily choose appropriate ones. Someitems, however, arc recorded in uncoded forms; survey name, parent material, horizonname, soil color, etc. If needed, for example, lor data analysis, uncoded records can beeasily coded by use of a subroutine program. Some codes are based on actual measure-ments; slope (degree), aspect, elevation(m), cone penetration (mm, kg cm-Z), etc.Codes are needed for missing records and irrelevant items. For coding the missingrecords, 999 and blank are used for items in digit form and letter form, respectively.Irrelevant items are coded by 0 (zero) and i in a similar sense.A soil profile is refered to the soil number consisting of survey name and profilenumber.The location of observation site is digitized using a grid-type digitizer, and punchedout on the site card or written on the site file tape, which can be cross-referenced withprofile description file through indexing by the grid reference and the soil number.Fig. 1 An Example of the Completed Format. Site Description.~...Pref. County/<YI>TtJ , KAYAPIIy.lographie !legion •KA-YADAM/Grl d r.eOJ;(eeII £/.36,00 IV 36,00 -rFo. 700 -.f~.96bIItSSurvey:l_/(t1YA78 Profile leo. /r.f6Date 1~·erveKOTA Cut ~ Short fOI'Ol ~18 /227 Pit OeulledAugerSoil Group t,~~ ISerie. O(AyA T}'110 :$'.rent l-'i.ter"1il -r~0- ~..'J~c..Yegtt.tionflUid;tAA(.Lland use.~8- LDWf- ~/N6rDrainage pattern~Slope IAspeet re•alton 7 Itt I~'::~:le rOk r!'O()D I.A. 9round water e."land Fol'Ol e-n<ont7$. lOW/~ _taln 11 Low ...1I,f _nt. 31 CrHt 71 Ridge2 Hill 12 High ...lIef _nt. 32 Steep htllsl_ 72 Peak3 High le••l pllln 13 Plat••v 33 Gentl. htllslooe 73 S-It sorl.ce4 low le••l plain 14 P...plaln 34 L_r .lopa 74 eon.ex slopeIS Volc.no 3S Foot.lope 75 Conc....1ove16 Pyroclutlc plateau 36 vall.y floor 76 Str.lght .lope17 L... Dl.t••u 37 L.har 77 Sw.l.18 Int......tane 1Ia,ln 38 l ••• flow 78 bca_tIi Pi_t 39 P..ic. flow 79 T.lu.211 Hill 40 Volc.nic pllln 80 Nudflew1i. Terr.c.-F.n 41 High terr.c. 81 RheAlluvi.l phln 42 "ioldl. terrlce 82 DepreulOlllittor.l 43 low terr.c. 83 le••l .orfac.44 Alluvial terr.c. M Alluvial cone45 Vall •• pl.ln 85 Colluvial f.n46 Colluvial .lope i IIotur.ll....47 Fan lack_l'- FlOOtl nl,in Relict river c1II_lg Coastal pllln 89 River bed50 Delta 90 Sand ......51 Tidal fl.t 91 Sand liar52 Coutal c_l•• n lnterl_93 Harsh94 ~95 la_96 Reef97 AtellCI1aracterhtlc PlIn-Profll.IRellef(: ,...Ii0 ", 1le1luve'71) J-'",,-7',.Site Slope t merere"" Ilroslon0/1 •• 3U.' I Ahe :it "- to .1Ight l1 -3/5 -8 Gently,loolng Flal I;lu, ;"'der.teUndullting Oepreo,lon Se.... 35 -8110 -h, Sl""i .... V.ry ......Aclling13 -16120 -30 Hod. steepIiIt.r ero.ionHillySt>eet ~ "-20 -30/45 -60 Steep 8 r.m45 -60 V.ry steep T}'110 GullyWater deoOSltlIind deDO.1tIIlnd .rosionR""off Intern.l o.l .. lge Soil Crlln_- ~ -- ~ V.ry poorly dri_d J~ry slow Yery slow Poorly dr,iMdSlow Slow It.perf.elly drainedHadi.. 4 Hl!di ... '_ritely well drainedRapid 5 Rapid Well dr.ined~ry rlllid Vory rapid S~Jt ell:ce-ss1~11 dntMdExcess.ively dYiinedSurfa.. SteMi.... Surface Rockiness Salinity Cia... ~." ~ ~ "') Free 0 - 4 _ ~SI roCk' • 2F. stOfty -G.l F.· roc.; -IQ _ !lightly .ff.el.d 4 - 8StOllY -3.0 Rociy -25 4 I_rately affeet.d 8 -IS 3Y.•tOIIy -15'J. rocky -53 , Stron9ly .ff.eted >15 4Ex. stony -90 5 Ex. roCky .,QRubble lallP90Il<lck outcro;l ) JJSoil ..... by ~rv.rIn.I($rtu:/ ~.Site location Sketch.~FO_;.t:iflCltlO11 78/2..Ilo Date of F_tClIlI_:Ve Iy: Date;l4anage....t·IIle.ns·78 HF&TK.Kyoto Univ.:I:'"Iic::~c::>1>:E>~::JPo..,:;<io(fl>:>1;..'"Iio3e....o...'"Ii[Po(fl8.:::a/l)no...Potil§Pref. County *Survey Profile No. Ison Group * lind Use ~ Grid R,!trIM!kYOTO, ~AYA kAYA 73 /8'6HORIZON 110. I 2- 3 "- MINERAL Abundanci rr:rm:m :;2.- :;... Z- 2, IHORIZON IlAHE ~i lie,J. A,:z.q.o 860 Ctio Typ. MFQ.. ~Fo.. t'( FQ. 'F/4/Pl.f£RROUS ellSs llITlII!J I I ITHICKNESS em /.r q lit- ..2...R IBLEACHING lIIffiJ!JillJ I m1OOS•~Sh'l1OW f. p. J ~ « .iI I I COMPACT· penetnble no f. P.Material NESS 3 deep f. p. knifeACCUMULATION 1. J F£ ..c.. PenetrOMeter _I: kg elll·' /..r .).0 1,fJ i6Clus [I]'I[ffiTIJ I I ..:L. I PERHEA- J.~b- V-Contrast ~fbrUPt-zcm ~."llOoth y; /r ~ BIUTY kg CIII· 2 ~"'1'BOONDARY I ~~::~.1~12 2 ~:;~9Ular BUlK P40istSoil " !VTope9n. 4 dHfuse>12 .. broken DENSITY;].~ S'-'1 f'y 10 Y Dry- Soil -rl;jMlitrix M ~ r,tA mOo. rn Sub. [!lBr. f I/? 'A- ICOLO.'/2- thGrlde ~no [EMOderlte ::2- ;Crushed I, II 'I 1/ ....k .. strong~v, fin. [E~~~:rse O!-'mdry fEV' wet I,l. ..) J ..) She fine ~ 0/f c>MOISTURE . llI'01$t S x. wet STRUCTURE 3 -edhfll·r1 ...,CL cL Lie L;C DiS or B ~Ploty ~grontllor % ~4TElT"RE prhlNttc cruoob « t?Type calumar Nssive~non. moon. blocky q single gratnfew -51 patchy :2;{ 4<-/'X ~ . S .nqular"'bundinee C()CII. -10 3 brolr.en /1 -/I ~l00S. ~f1rm ~/ ~. 3/..ny -30 continuous Motst/D-ry Y. frhble S Y. f1,.. _?/abundant 30 CootS- friable 6 ll. fil"'ll~;hjnt ~gr'ln X 3~ 2/; ~ TElKE ~"i $(-0Contrast distinct 2 ped W.t ~non-stf ./pl. iii stfd.y/plas. '~l? .:?/;-ManU ISurfiCe prOlRtnent void 2 51. sticky/pl. v. sticky/plCU~AN. ~fln. ffith1n ~ 2h X /0 If. porous-lo"~f. flss. /( ~. ~Slle/ Wdi"" lIIOderite InV.-/ 2 porous -3 2 fissured DThicknus 3 coarsr 3thiclr. Interped. 3 spongy -5 3 "'. fiss.Clvrrn. -10 v.w. fiss.{O~ 'Ii}: tJI 1 10;;; POROSITY 1(,"'. fiss.M. Color. .f'.'6 ~none lEfreqqUent-10.J .:L 2-f I quint. fe'lf -2/l00c.2 abundant >10 2-C, Color-{. A.t-< ,.l Biopore /Size ~S"l1 -31111l Iij,.rgr -30 I / JIlledium-12 cO.trse >30M. Shape )'pOT FiLM -rCl.6E Tu8E ~non. {EabundantC. Nature r Quant i ty few root lilt J' 2..- 2.- .2A- A. {.. .-<.. ..nyROOT ~~r·n ~horjzontil J/t,t. J'-;12-~IOW -21 mv, h1gh -20I I Ty~; deciduous vertical ;/2 CContent . Iledtu-. -s x. high >20 2- I Oistrf. grns oblique1 high -10 others ubiquitousO.M.I r , r fABRIC[j] .. rthy IZJ sandy rn rough ill smooth i / ! !Fo",;OecCllllPOs1tton.(. A.. {,. { c~~~- ill:::1Y ~strongly I I I (induratedmnon< ~ ..ny-3O PAN ( l ./Abundance few -5 1; abundant-SO ;). 2- :J- ! Structure .'{ 0(3 COllllOn -10 doII1nilnt>50Abundonee IIIillJ!li.l§] ( / I 2-.mgr...l -6m!ECobbl. -Z~~ SECOHD- A' c MfJSTONE Size s. pebble-25 boulder~S6 I / / () AllY Type ( -(pebble -64 ~::r~ CoMposttion \.{ 'FdO}O/S-< ~wea~~;r. ffi ~ht11 [il-oderate 2- 2- 2- () [Dy.. [1] no y; '"7z... '/, '/2-strongly SAHPLE Bulk/CoreSIN.. SA- 811 sA l I'IIYSICAL o:rrrm:m i IType 6,' 6r 6r -i RIPENIIIG - I I~Nt:, ,ail kJt2..Fig. 1 (cont'd) An Example of the Completed Format. Profile Description..II. FURUKAWA and T. KOSAKI : A Format for Field Soil RecordsThose items not stored in the soil files are marked on the card by an asterisk. Thedetailed description of soil and crop management needs another format and file, whichrequire further approximation.The land form description given in an open-ended list also needs elaborations.Site location sketch is necessary to reevaluate this list.The format may be modified if needed. The modification is identified by register-ing it in the relevant column.A full description of a site needs two 3D-column punch cards and that of one horizonneeds three cards. This is a significant drawback in view of the punching efficiency ascompared to those reported by others. This is due to our choice to hold a large numberof uncoded records. But, the format itself is very easy to use and to read. Even abeginner can learn how to use it within a few days.The data stored in magnetic tapes have been combined with a computer program towrite a survey report, and to retrieve the point data plotted on a map. This is an effec-tive aid in drawing a soil map. By plotting the point data (n an existing soil map,which can be also retrieved from a cartographic file, the correspondence of the soil bound-ary with the new point data can be easily checked. These procedures as well as filemanagement method will be reported separately.SUlDlDaryA format for field records for use with a soil data bank is described. It is aimed tocollect field soil data in detail, and to retrieve them as text or as plots showing attributedistributions on a map with or without processing. 'Ihis is particularly important forreclassifying the soil profiles and for reconstructing the soil map and soil units.The format is simple and easy to use, since many of the necessary properties arecoded on the card.The manual for soil description integrates several methods, and is published InDiscussion Paper Series of the CSEAS of Kyoto University (Furukawa, 1979).ReferencesFurukawa, Hisao 1979. "The manual for field soil records," Discussion Paper Series of the Center forSoutheast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, No. 103.Hazelden, J., Beckett, P. H. T. and Jarvis, M. G. 1976. "A computer-compatible proforma for fieldsoil records," Geoderma, 15, pp. 21-29.Lee, R., Mew, G., Newman, M. J. and Gibson, A. R. 1976. "Computer proces'iing of soil profile datafrom surveys in New Zealand," Geoderma, 16, pp.201-209663

<Notes>A Format for Field Soil Records for Computer-Based Data Management System

http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/55937/1/KJ00000133349.pdf

<Notes>A Format for Field Soil Records for Computer-Based Data Management System

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Kyoto University Research Information Repository